If the Object of the Love of Benevolence be in miferable or mournful Circumftances, it is then ufually ftiled Pity and Compaffion: And this is one of the tendereft Affections which belongs to human Nature. If the miserable Object be inferior, our Inclination to help and relieve it is called Mercy and Charity; and if the Object be poo, it is called Bounty and Liberality.

If the Object of the Love of FriendShip be in Mifery, it gains the Name of Sympathy, whereby the Lover expreffes an inward Senfe and Fellow-feeling of the Pains and Sorrows which his Friend fuftains: Though perhaps this might as well be brought in under the Paffion of Sorrow, unless we extend the word Sympathy to fignify our Communion in all the Joys and Sorrows, and all the Concerns of our Friends.

Now let us confider how Malevolence or Ill-will manifefts itself. It implies in it a Defire of fome Evil to fall upon the hated Object: It discovers itself in Frowns and a louring Countenance, in Uncharitableness, in evil Sentiments, hard Speeches to or of its Object, in curfing and revil

ing, and doing Mischief, either with open Violence or fecret Spite, as far as there is Power.

Whether the hated Object be fuperior, inferior, or equal, it may keep the fame Name, and be called Ill-will: If it extends to Parents, Mafters, and good Magiftrates, it becomes a Spirit of Rebellion: If it arifes against God, it grows up to horrid Impiety.

If our Ill-will or Hatred exprefs itself particularly toward an Object confidered merely in mournful and miferable Circumstances, it is then called Cruelty and Inhumanity, or Hardheartedness. This evil Temper inclines Perfons to infult their Fellow-Creatures under their Miferies, inftead of pitying and relieving them.

If our Hatred arifes to a high Degree, and more especially if it be without a Caufe, it is called Malignity and Malice; which is a moft hateful Temper in the Sight of God and Men, and is one of the chief Parts of the Image of the Devil.

SECT.

SE

SECT. VIII.

Complacence and Displacence.

TH

HE third fort of Love and Hatred are Complacence and Difplacence. If the Object be agreeable to me, and fuited to give me Pleasure, the Love which I express to it is called the Love of Complacence or Delight; and this extends (as I have hinted before) to Trees and Fields, to Meats and Drinks, to Bufinefs and Studies, and to every inanimate Thing that is capable of giving. Pleasure, as well as to animal or intelligent Beings.

The Love of Complacency or Delight, has almost an infinite Variety of Ways. to express itself, according to the various Objects of it. We gaze upon a pleafing Figure, or gay Landfkip, or beautiful Picture; we liften to Mufic or agreeable Difcourfe; we walk long in a fine Garden, we fmell to Flowers; we eat and drink the Food that we love; we are intent on delightful Studies; we dwell in the Company of our Friends, and pro

long

long the Enjoyment of the Thing that pleases us.

If this Complacency rife exceeding high towards Objects that are inferior, and especially if it exceed the Bounds of ftrict Reafon, it is called Fondness: So Children are fond of Birds, and of their painted Toys.

Yet here I would take notice once for all, that there is fomething of this Complacency or Fondness, which is very innocent and agreeable in the Love which God our Creator has ordained between Kindred or the nearest Relations, and which, in general, is ufually called Natural Affection; but being fuperadded to the various names of Love or Benevolence to Inferiors, Superiors, or Equals, renders each of them a fort of diftinct Species, for which there are fcarce any Names in our Language. Parents love their Children with a Fondness and Tenderness, added to fimple Benevolence :: Children love their Parents with Fondness. and Veneration; Hufbands and Wives love each other with a fond and tender Friendship; Brothers and Sifters find

alfo

alfo a mutual Fondness fuperadded to the mere Love of Equals.

This Fondness for our near Relations is manifefted by the Eyes, by the Lips and Voice, by the Countenance and Behaviour, and by a thoufand nameless Airs of Kindness and Tenderness, which Nature teaches and underftands: Nor do we know how to give diftinct Names to thefe different forts of Love, unlefs we borrow them from the Latin Name of thofe Relations, and call them parental and filial, conjugal and fraternal Love, all which imply Benevolence joined with a fpecial Kind of Complacency.

Perhaps fome Readers might think it a ftrange unpardonable Omiffion, if in a Treatife of the Paffions, I fhould be quite filent on that Paffion, which is known to be one of the strongest, i. e. the Love which a Man bears to the Woman whom he feeks for a Wife: But this has fuch Complications and Peculiarities in it, that I leave it to the Description of other Writers. And as for the lewd and vicious Paffions, which unjustly affume the fame Name, they are not fit to be mentioned in this Place.

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