mills, 2,040 glass works and stone factories, 1,856 for food production, 1,198 for furniture and bent wood manufacture, 798 machine factories, 857 for metal manufacture, 349 paper mills, 612 chemical factories.

Commerce-Imports and exports for 5 years are shown as follows (in thousands of crowns) :--

Imports and exports in 1923 were distributed among the principal countries as follows:

The chief imports into the United Kingdom from Czechoslovakia in 1923 were, according to the Board of Trade returns: sugar, refined, 3,131,6287.; unrefined, 271,8217.; barley, 301,6157.; soft sawn wood, 22,7637.: glass, 805,8427. The chief export from the United Kingdom to choslovakia in 1923 was cotton yarns, 210,1417.

Total trade between the United Kingdom and Czechoslovakia for 4 years (according to Board of Trade returns) :-

Communications.—On January 1, 1922, there were 13,620 kilometres or 8,463 miles of railway line in the Republic, of which 5,078 miles are owned by the State and the remaining 3,308 miles privately owned, and 77 miles owned by foreign States. Of the Stare railways 880 miles are double-tracked, and of the privately owned lines 139 miles.

The Peace Treaty vested the Czechoslovak State with the right to use certain wharves in the ports of Hamburg and Stettin. Of the waterways of the country, the Danube is the most important; its chief port is Bratislava (Pres-burg). On the Labe (Elbe) the two main ports are Ústí (Aussig) and

Děčín (Teschen).

In 1923 there were 4,558 post offices and 3,716 telegraph offices, and 79,076 miles of telegraph wire; 17,342,442 telegrams were despatched and received. Number of letters handled, 718,568,696. In 1923 there were 91,139 telephone stations and 176,471 miles of telephone wire.

Banking and Currency.-At the beginning of 1923 there were 38 joint stock banks in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia with a total paid-up share capital of 1,791,600,000 crowns and with reserve funds of 845,619,000 crowns; 6 Land-banks issuing their own bonds, which at the beginning of 1923 amounted to 2,441,904,000 crowns. At the beginning of 1923 there were 200 small joint-stock banks in Slovakia and Podkarpatská Rus with a share capital of 476,865,000 crowns and reserve funds of 172,158,000 crow ns. At the end of July 1923 there were 372 savings banks with 9,895.287,776 crowns of deposits. At the beginning of 1924 there were in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia 3,908 Reiffeisen banks with deposits amounting to 2,890,900 000 crowns.

The note circulation on June 30, 1924, amounted to 8,081,106,000 crowns the metallic reserve was 1,017,933,000 crowns.

On September 30, 1923, there were in circulation 64,366,514 crown pieces, 39,798,743 fifty-heller pieces, 49,837,644 twenty-heller pieces, 29,601,487 ten-heller pieces, and 12,650,314 five heller pieces, of the total value of 97,826,078 crowns.

It is proposed to set up a bank of issue (by the law of April 14, 1920), to be known as the National Czechoslovak Bank; the notes of the bank will be covered by gold to the extent of at least 35 per cent.

Diplomatic Representatives.

1. OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA IN GREAT BRITAIN.

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. - Dr. Vojtěch Mastný, K.B.E. (appointed May, 1920)

Counsellor.-Viktor Bráe.

First Secretary.-Dr. Maximilian Lobkovicz.

Second Secretary.—Dr. Bohumil Messany.

Attaché.-Dr. Jan Simák.

Military Attaché.—Major Frantisek Joseph Nemec.
Commercial Attaché.-L. K. Neumann,
Consul.-Dr. František Pavlásek.

2. OF GREAT BRITAIN IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA,

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary and Consul-General.—
Sir George Clerk, K.C.M G., C. B. (appointed September 3, 1919).
Secretaries.-C. E. S. Dodd and J. D. Greenway.

Military Attaché.--Major R. W. Oldfield, D.S.O., M.C.
Commercial Secretary.-A. A. Adams.

There are Consular Representatives at Prague and Bratislava.

Books of Reference.

1. OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.

Manuel Statistique de la République Tchécoslovaque. First year 1920. Prague. Annual. Aperçu Statistique du Commerce extérieur, publié par l'Office de Statistique de la République Tchécoslovaque.

Rapports de l'Office de Statistique de la République Tchécoslovaque.

La Statistique Tché oslovaque. (Seven volumes already published.)

Résu tats préliminaires du recensement de la population du 15 février, 1921.

Bulletin Statistique de a République Tchécoslovaque.

Exposé sommaire des travaux législatifs de l'Assemblée nationale tchécoslovaque (publié par la Bibliothèque de l'Assemblée nationale). Prague.

Bohemia and Moravia; Slovakia; Austrian Silesia. (Handbook in the series published by the Historical Section of the Foreign Office) London, 1920.

Department of Overseas Trade Reports. Annual.

2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.

Encyclopédie tchécoslovaque.

Prag, 1923.

Industrie et commerce. Redigé par Jaroslav Vesely.

Bens (E.), Bohemia's Case for Independence. London, 1916.-La Politique extérieure de la République Tchécoslovaque. Prague, 1922.

Bestaux (E), Bibliographie tchèque. Prague, 1920

Bourlier (Jean), Les Tchèques et la Bohême contemporaine. Paris, 1918.

Broz (A.), The First Year of the Czechoslovak Republic. London, 1920

Butter (0.) and Ruml (B.), La République Tchécoslovaque. Prague, 1922. (Also in English.)

Capek (T.), Bohemia under Hapsburg Misrule. London, 1915.-Bohemian Bibliography New York, 1919.-The Czechs (Bohemians) in America: a Study of their National, Cultural. Political, Social, Economic and Religious Life. New York, 1920.

Cisár (J.) and Pokorny (F.), The Czecho-Slovak Republic. A survey of its history and geography, its political and cultural organization, and its economic resources. London, 1922.

Dédécek (V.), La Tchécoslovaquie et les Tchécoslovaques. Paris, 1919.

Eisenmann (L.), La Tchéco-Slovaquie. Paris, 1921.

Gruber (J.), Czechoslovakia. New York, 1921.

Kudela (J.), La Constitution de la République Tchécoslovaque. Prague, 1922.

Léger (Louis), La Renaissance tchèque au XIXe siècle. Paris, 1911.

Lützow (Count), Bohemia an Historical Sketch. London, 1896

Mauer (Jean) L'enseignement dans la République Tchécoslovaque. Prague, 1920.

Maurice (C. E), Bohemia from the earliest times to the foundation of the Czecho Slovak Republic in 1918. London, 1922.

Mercier (M.), La Formation de l'État Tchécoslovaque. Prague, 1923.

Nosek (V.), Independent Bohemia. London, 1918.

Kasin (Alois), Financial Policy of Czechoslovakia during the First Year of its History. xford and London, 1923.

Rivet (Charles), Les Tchécoslovaques. Paris, 1921.

Seton-Watson (R. W.), The New Slovakia. Prague, 1924.

Stern (E.), La législation ouvrière en 1chécoslovaquie. Prague, 1921.

Stiepels entsches Amter-Jahrbuch (Politisch-wirtschaftlicher Kalender) für die Tschechoslowakische Republik. 1921. Zusammengestellt nach amtlichen Daten. Reichenberg, 1920.

Textor (Lucy E), Land Reform in Czechoslovakia. London, 1923.

Weiss (L.), La République Tchécoslovaqne. Paris, 1919.
Wijk (N. van), The Czechoslovak Republic. London, 1923.

DANZIG.

(DIE FREIE STADT DANZIG.)

By Article 102 of the Treaty of Versailles, the Principal Allied and Associated Powers undertook to establish the Town of Danzig with the surrounding territory as a Free City, to be placed under the protection of the League of Nations. The League of Nations also appoints a High Commissioner.

High Commissioner.-M. S. MacDonnell. 1923.

Appointed February 22,

The Treaty further provides that a Constitution shall be drawn up, and this shall be placed under the guarantee of the League of Nations. Pending the elections to the Constituent Assembly, a State Council of three was appointed by the High Commissioner (March 5, 1920). This Council was increased to nine (March 25, 1920), to include representatives of the various political parties in the future Free City.

The elections for the Legislative Assembly took place on November 18, 1923, and resulted in the following strength of the political parties: German National People's Party, 33; Social Democrats, 29; Communists, 11; Centre Party, 16; German Democratic Party, 8: Poles, 5; other parties, 16. The elections were universal, direct, equal, and secret on the basis of proportional representation, suffrage being granted to all men and women belonging to the State of Danzig who had attained 20 years of age, and who had been domiciled within Danzig territory on or before January 10, 1920.

The proclamation of the Fred om of the City and adjacent territory, as well as the coming into force of the Danzig-Polish Treaty, took place on November 15, 1920. According to this Treaty Danzig and Poland form a single customs territory. A further Treaty between Danzig and Poland was signed on October 24, 1921, providing for joint economic administration. Since January 1, 1922, the Polish-German customs frontier extends to the sea, i. e., Danzig is a unit in the Polish customs administration.

The Constitution (approved by the League of Nations on May 11, 1922) provides for a Volkstay or Diet of 120 members elected for 4 years, and a Senate. This consists of a President, as Chairman, a Vice-President, and 20 Senators, the President and 7 Senators in main office being elected by the Volkstag for years, the Vice-President and the other 13 Senators for the duration of the Volkstag. Election is by majority of votes. Any citizen over 25 years of age is eligible. Senators in main office may not accept any other public or professional appointment. They are also not allowed to become directors of any trading concern. The President of the Senate directs and supervises the whole routine of the Administration. The Senate is the highest State authority, and its meetings are not public.

mills, 2,040 glass works and stone factories, 1,856 for food production, 1,198 for furniture and bent wood manufacture, 793 machine factories, 857 for metal manufacture, 349 paper mills, 612 chemical factories.

Commerce-Imports and exports for 5 years are shown as follows (in thousands of crowns):-

23,384,412 22,433.294 12,695,516 10,222,288 15,862,297 27,569,415 27,311,586 18,086,439 12,573,315 17.022,251

Imports and exports in 1923 were distributed among the principal countries as follows:

The chief imports into the United Kingdom from Czechoslovakia in 1923 were, according to the Board of Trade returns: sugar, refined, 3,131,287.; unrefined, 271,8217.; barley, 301,6157.; soft sawn wood, 622,7637. glass, 805,8427. The chief export from the United Kingdom to Czechoslovakia in 1923 was cotton yarns, 210,1417.