Year to June 30....
Value....

7,440,588 732,415,670

3,710,432 5,157,187 2,410,649 15,618,729 23,059,317 16,527,979 14,090,447

568,315,640 1,300,731,310 1,133,421,167 1,091,206,266

$34,187,147 $15,970,021 $3,297,214 $53,454,382 $29,126,485 $82,580,867 $83,675,922 $89,696,768

* Includes Manitoba, Northwest Territories, and British Columbia.

The tables of statistics of hog products were compiled by the Cincinnati Price Current.

The Department of Agriculture reported the following farm animals in the United States in 1896: Horses, 15,124,057, value, $500,140,186; mules, 2,278,946, value, $103,204,457; milch cows, 16,137,586, value, $363,955,545; oxen and other cattle, 32,085,409, value, $508,928,416; sheep, 38,298,783, value, $65,167,735; swine, 42,842,759, value, $186,529,745.

PRODUCTION OF TOBACCO.

STATEMENT OF PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES IN THE YEAR ENDING JANUARY 1, 1895, FROM THE REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE.

OF THE

FINANCE, INDUSTRY, TRANSPORTATION.UNIVERSITY8

side financial aid, but has conducted with its proper person shall appear, or the right theret

own resources the great undertaking, and demonstrating the success of the practical questions involved before public aid is again invited. The work of constructing and rebuilding the canal has been carried on, and a large force of men has been engaged upon the work during the past two years, under the direction of eminent engineers. At present the chief work is being done on the cutting of the Culebra Hill.

It is anticipated that the canal will be completed. It is thought that $20,000,000 more may finish the work. The distance between the two oceans is 45 miles. Of this twelve miles on the Atlantic coast and three miles upon the Pacific coast are approaching completion.

Nicaragua Canal was projected to connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, using the waters of Lake Nicaragua. Total distance from ocean to ocean, 169.4 miles; depth of canal, 30 feet; least width at bottom, 100 feet; time transit from ocean to ocean, 28 hours; length of Lake Nicaragua, 110 miles; average width, 40 miles; surface area, about 2,600 square miles; area of watershed of lake, about 8,000 square miles.

From New York to San Francisco by water, around Cape Horn, the distance at present is 15,660 miles; by the Nicaragua Canal the distance between the same points will be 4,907 miles, a saving of 10,753 miles. The distance in statute miles from New York to the Pacific Ocean by the principal land and water routes is as follows: By water to Cape Horn, 7,897; by Southern Pacific Railroad, 3,709; by Canadian Pacific Railroad, 3,619; by Central Pacific Railroad, 3,269; by Northern Pacific Railroad, 3,237; by Nicaragua Canal, 2,519. Estimated cost of construction of Nicaragua Canal by the Nicaragua Canal Commission was $133,472,893.

mined. The same applies to dignities or offices.

deter

Abortion. The offense of procuring the miscarriage of a woman quick with child.

uments constituting the evidence of title to an estate. Abstract of Title. An epitome of the deeds and doc

Above Par. Stock which sell for more than their face value are said to be above par.

Acceptance. The act by which a person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn, undertakes to pay it at maturity. The bill of exchange itself is sometimes called, in common parlance, an acceptance.

Accessory. A person concerned in a felonious offense, performance. He may be accessory either before or although not the actual perpetrator, nor present at its after the fact.

without value, for the purpose of raising money thereon by discount.

Accommodation Bill. A bill of exchange accepted

of a legal right, and procuring redress for a civil injury Action. The method of demanding the enforcement in the courts of common law.

draft is to acknowledge the obligation to pay it when Accept. To acknowledge by signature; to accept a due.

Acceptance "supra-protest' or for honor. An acceptance by some third party after protest for non-acceptance by the drawee, with the view of saving the honor of the drawer or of some particular indorser. Acceptor. The party who accepts a draft so as to bind himself to pay the sum specified in it. the genuineness of a deed or mortgage; to give inforAcknowledge. To admit; to certify by signature to mation of the arrival of a letter or remittance.

Accrued. Interest or increase due and unpaid. Account. A statement; an arrangement of debits and credits in relation to any person or thing; a record of

business transactions.

Account Sales. A statement of the product arising from the sale of goods received by a merchant from another party, and sold for his benefit, together with the costs and charges incurred in making such sale.

Accountant. One who is skilled in accounts.
Actuary. A clerk of certain courts and insurance

offices; one skilled in annuities; an acting officer.

Administrator. He that has the goods of a person pose of legal distribution. The nearest of kin is entitled dying without a will committed to his care, for the purto administration.

regulated according to the value of the property, etc., are so termed.

Ad Valorem. Stamp duties, the amount of which is

state, so that parties can agree in the result.
Adjust. To put in order; to bring to a satisfactory

Advance. Additional price, stocks above par.
Advances. Sums of money paid by a merchant upon

goods lodged in his hands for sale at a future time.
This term also covers money loaned by bankers on bills

of lading.

Adventure. Property ventured in a voyage; a speculation.

Advice. Counsel given, usually in regard to the pur

chase and sale of goods.

Adulteration. Mixing a spurious with a genuine

article.

DICTIONARY OF LAW AND BUS- oaths; who that is, depends upon what the affidavit

INESS TERMS.

Abandonment. The relinquishing to the underwriters, under an insurance, of all the property saved from a wreck, in order to entitle the insured to claim for a total loss.

Abate. To break down, destroy, or remove; as, for instance, to abate (remove or put an end to) a nuisance. Abduction. The unlawful taking or detention of a woman (having property in possession or expectancy), against her will, with the intention of procuring hier marriage or defilement. Also the unlawful taking of an unmarried girl under the age of sixteen years, out of the possession and against the will of the father, or other person having the lawful care of her, although done without force or corrupt motives. The former is a felony, and the latter a misdemeanor.

Abettor. A person who encourages or excites another to commit an offense punishable by law.

Abeyance. The fee simple of lands is in abeyance when there is no person in being in whom it can vest, so that it is in a state of expectancy or waiting until a

Affidavit. A written statement upon oath. It must be sworn before a person authorized to administer relates to. The same officer is not usually empowered to administer oaths in all the courts.

Affinity. Relation by marriage between the husband or wife and the blood relations of either; but not between the husband and wife themselves. Affirmation. A solemn declaration in lieu of an

oath.

Agent. A person appointed to do an act for another. The act when performed is, in law, the act of the principal; the maxim being "qui facit per alium facit per se."

Alibi. Elsewhere. A defense by which it is proved that the accused was not at the place where the offense was committed at the time of its commission. Alien. One born in a foreign country out of the allegiance of the queen.

Alimony. An allowance made by a husband to his wife when living apart from her.

Allocatur. The certificate by which a taxing master certifies the amount at which he has taxed a bill of costs.

Allonge. A slip of paper attached to a note, draft,

or other negotiable paper, to receive indorsements when | policies to pay into the treasury a certain sum in order the back of the paper will hold no more. to pay off debts or effect a reorganization.

Allowance.

ous reasons.

Abatement, a deduction made for vari

Amount. The sum total; the aggregate. Gross amount is the total without deduction. Net amount is the total less deduction. Ambassador.

An envoy of the highest rank sent to

a foreign government.
Ancestor. The law distinguishes between ancestor
and predecessor; the former is applied to individuals,
the latter to corporations.

Ancient Demesne. A tenure of lands partaking of the properties both of copyhold and freehold.

Annuity. A periodical payment of money, amounting to a fixed sum in each year, the moneys so paid being either a gift or in consideration of a gross sum received.

Anticipate. To take beforehand, or pay before due.
Antedate. To date beforehand.

Appeal. The removal of a cause from an inferior into a superior court, for the purpose of impeaching the judgment of the inferior court.

Appearance to Action. The first formal step by a defendant in an action of suit. It is a notice that he intends to defend.

Appellant. The person appealing to a superior from the decision of an inferior court.

Appraiser. A person who values personal chattels. Appropriation. The appropriation of a payment means the applying of it to the discharge of a particular debt, where the creditor to whom it is made has more than one debt due from the same debtor.

Appraisement. The act of setting a value upon goods or other property.

Appurtenance. That which appertains or belongs to something else.

Assign. To transfer or make over to another, the right one has in any object, as in an estate, especially in trust for the security of creditors.

Assay. To determine the amount of a particular metal in an ore or metallic compound.

Assess. To tax, or value for the purpose of taxing. Assignor. One who makes a transfer to another." Association. A company of persons united for a particular purpose.

Assume. To take on one's self or become liable for the debts of another.

Attachment. A process of the courts of law and equity for compelling, by arrest, the performance of an act, which a party is already in contempt for not performing. Also an ancient remedy open to creditors in London, and some other cities, to attach the money or goods of their debtor in the hands of a third party within the city.

Attorney. A person appointed by another by letter or power of attorney to do anything for him in his

absence.

Attorney-at-Law. An officer of the superior courts of law, legally authorized to transact the business of other persons- termed his clients-in those courts. Attach. To take by legal authority.

Attest. To call to witness or give official testimony required in solemn instruments.

Auditor. A person authorized to examine and adjust accounts.

Average. A contribution to a general loss. When for the safety of a ship in distress, any destruction of property is incurred, all persons having goods on board contribute ratably to the loss; this is called average.

Award. The judgment or decision of an arbitrator.

Arbitration. An extrajudicial method of settling matters in difference by referring them to the arbitra- the peace of the county where a warrant (which has been Backing a Warrant. The indorsing by a justice of ment or determination of persons appointed by the dis-granted by the justice of the peace of another county) putants, and termed arbitrators.

Arraignment. A term of criminal procedure. A prisoner, after having had the indictment read over him, is commanded to state whether or not he is guilty.

This proceeding is termed the arraignment.

Arrest. A legal seizure, capture, or taking of a man's person which is effected by corporeal touching, or something equivalent thereto. In civil cases a man can only be arrested under legal process. The officer cannot break open a man's outer door for the purpose of arresting him; nor can arrest on a civil process be effected on a Sunday, except after an escape.

before a person can be apprehended in a county differis about to be executed, and is a necessary act to be done ent to that in which the warrant was issued.

Bail. The sureties for the reappearance of a person released from custody.

Bail-bond. A document under seal, by which a person becomes bail.

goods; for instance, a carrier.
Bailee. An individual intrusted with the custody of

Bailiff. There are various kinds of bailiffs; the most common being those appointed by the sheriff, com

Arrest of Judgment. Where the court stays a judg-monly called sheriff's officer.

ment, after a verdict on some question of law. Arson. Felonious house burning.

Articles of Peace. A complaint against a person to compel him to find sureties to keep the peace.

Arbitraging. Operating in the same stock or prodact in two different markets to make a profit out of the difference in price or "spread" between them, as, for instance, buying wheat in St. Paul, and selling it in Chicago.

Arrear. That which is behind in payment. Assault and Battery. An attempt or offer, with force and violence, to do a corporal hurt to another is an assault; an injury actually done to the person of another in an angry, revengeful, or insolent manner, be it ever so small, is a battery.

Assets. Property, whether real or personal, in the hands of an executor, etc., for the purpose of satisfying debts.

Assignee. A person to whom any real or personal property is transferred by the act of law, as an executor, an assignee of a bankrupt, etc., or by the act of party, as a purchaser of a lease.

Assignment. A transfer of any kind of property from one person to another.

Assumpsit. A verbal or parol promise expressed or implied, springing out of a simple contract. The law always implies a promise to do that which a party is legally bound to perform. An action of assumpsit or promise is the remedy for breach of a parol as distinguished from a written contract.

Assurance. The securing the payment of a sum of money or other benefit on the happening of a certain event, as, for instance, the death of a person. This is the term now usually applied to life contingencies, as contradistinguished from fires, losses at sea, etc., as to which the term insurance is still used.

Assessment. A call upon the holders of stock or

Bailment. A delivery of a thing in trust for some special object or purpose.

Bailor. The person who makes a bailment, or delivers goods to a bailee.

Banker. A person who holds the money of another, and disposes of it as the other from time to time directs. Bank Note. A promise by a banker to pay a specified sum to the holder.

Barristers. A body of men qualified by admission in one of the Inns of Court, to plead as advocates; such admission is termed, being "called to the bar."

law, by which the innocence or guilt of a party was deBattel. A trial by combat, formerly allowed by the

cided.

Balance. The arithmetical difference between the two sides of an account; the sum necessary to make the debit or credit balance; (verb) to bring into a state of two sides of an account equal in amount, spoken of as a equality; to settle by paying what remains due on an account."

Balance of Trade. The difference in value between our exports and our imports.

Bank. An establishment for the custody and issue of money; the office in which the transactions of a banking association are conducted.

Bankable. Receivable as cash by a bank, such as checks, express orders, money orders, etc.

Bank Bill. The note of a bank payable on demand, and used as currency; a bank note.

Bank Book. The book kept by a depositor, in which the receiving teller writes the separate deposits, and the bookkeeper of the bank enters the paid checks.

Bank Clearing. The aggregate amount of the checks and drafts exchanged between banks (members of clearing house association). In large cities less than ten per cent. of the commercial business is done with currency. While the clearings do not represent the sum total of the counter transactions of banks for any given

time, they form a good basis for calculation as to the | comparative volume of trade from week to week. They really indicate the growth or shrinkage of trade.

Bequest. A testamentary disposition of personal

estate.

Bear. A stock exchange phrase used to designate a man who, having sold more stock than he possesses, endeavors to depress its value, that he may buy at a low rate, and so make good his deficiency.

Bigamy. The criminal offense of a married man or woman pretending to marry again, his wife or her husband (as the case may be) being still alive.

Bill. The term applied to an intended statute when passing through Congress, prior to its becoming law. Bill of Exceptions. A mode of appealing from the decision of a judge on a point of law.

Bill of Exchange. A written order for payment of money by one person (called the drawer), upon another (termed the drawee). When the drawee has undertaken to pay the bill, which he does by writing his name across it, he is termed the acceptor. Bills of exchange are negotiable, i. e., they confer on the holder the right of suing upon it, which he could not do in the case of a mere ordinary contract, for the want of that privity which the law in ordinary cases requires between the parties to a contract. The law as to bills of exchange is governed by the Law Merchant. (See Law Merchant.) Bill of Lading. A memorandum or receipt signed by the master of a ship, acknowledging the shipment of goods, which are usually made deliverable to the consignee by post. By indorsing the bill of lading the property in the goods is passed to the indorsee, and so from hand to hand. The bill of lading, properly indorsed, forms, in fact, the title to the goods, and without the production of which the captain would not deliver the goods.

Bill of Sale. An assignment of goods and chattels, by writing; generally, but not necessarily, under hand

and seal.

repose is disturbed, and the safety of the community more or less endangered.

contract.

Breach of Promise. The doing, or abstaining from doing, something, contrary to an understanding or A neglect of duty by a trustee. or person standing in a fiduciary relation, in violation of his trust.

Breach of Trust.

Bribery. The giving or receiving any reward for corrupt purposes.

Brief. An abridgment of a client's case, for the instruction of counsel on trial or hearing in court.

Broker. An agent employed to buy or sell goods; a sort of middleman between vendor and purchaser. He is not, like a factor, intrusted with the possession of the articles he vends.

Brokerage. The commission paid to a broker.
Brand. A trade-mark; a particular kind of goods.
Break. A quick, small decline.

Burglary. The offense of entering a dwellinghouse, in the night, with the intent to commit felony. Bursar. The treasurer of a college. In Scotland it is nearly synonymous with sizar in the English universities.

Bucket Shop. A place where bets are made on quotations of prices, established on legitimate Exchanges, and Boards of Trade. Pretended trading. Illegal in most States.

Bulge. A quick, small advance.

Bull. A person whose interest is to secure higher
prices; a buyer for an advance.
Bulling. Raising the price of stocks, etc.
BUSINESS CHARACTERS.

Bill of Lading. A negotiable receipt for goods delivered to a transportation company for carriage. Bill of Parcels. A written statement given by the seller to the buyer, containing particulars of the goods bought and their prices.

d.

Pence.

Pound sterling.
Shillings.

Bills Discounted. Promissory notes, acceptances, or bills of exchange discounted for the accommodation £ of an indorser by bankers.

Bills Payable. Promissory notes or drafts held by a merchant against others for future payment.

Bills Receivable. Promissory notes or drafts due to a merchant by others.

Bill of Rights. A bill permitting an importer to examine his goods at the custom house.

Block. A number of shares, say 5,000 or 10,000, massed together and sold or bought in a lump. Bona Fide. With good faith.

Bond. A written obligation, under seal. If for the payment of a sum of money upon or after the death of a person, it is then termed a post-obit bond. The person making a bond is called the obligor, and he to whom it is given, the obligee.

Borough. A town having now, or having formerly had, corporate rights.

Bottomry. The borrowing of money by the master on the bottom or hull of a ship; to be paid with interest, if the ship return in safety, but otherwise to be lost or forfeited.

Board of Trade. A voluntary association of business men for the regulation and advancement of commercial interests.

Bond. An instrument under seal, by which the maker binds himself, and usually his heirs, executors, and administrators, to do or not to do a specified act. A certificate of ownership of a specified portion of a capital debt due by a government, a city, a railroad, or other corporation, to individual holders, and usually bearing a fixed rate of interest.

Bonded Goods. Imported goods left in a bonded warehouse until the duties are paid.

Bonded Warehouse. A government warehouse in which bonded goods are stored until the duties thereon are paid.

Bonus. A premium on a loan; something extra or in

addition.

8.

X By, as 9 X 12.

11, One and one fourth.

12, One and one half.

13, One and three fourths.

+ Addition.

Subtraction.

X Multiplication.

Division.

Equal to.

Buyer Three. A Wall street expression signifying that the buyer has three days in which to pay for his purchase.

Bullion. Uncoined gold or silver, including gold dust, ingots, and bars.

ized by charter, custom, or prescription; but such byBy-Law. A private law made by those duly authorlaw must be consonant to the public laws and statutes, and for the common benefit.

By-Bidder. One who bids at an auction in behalf of the owner for the purpose of running up the price of articles.

Canon Law. A collection of ecclesiastical constitutions, definitions, and rules, derived from the ancient councils, the writings of the fathers, ordinances of popes, etc. At the Reformation it was enacted that a review should be had of the Canon Law; but that, until such review, the existing law should continue in force, except as far as the same should be repugnant to the law of the land or the Royal Prerogatives-this still remains the state of the law, such review never having been made. The canons of 1603 having been made by the clergy, and confirmed by the king, James I., alone, but not by Parliament, do not bind the laity.

Capias. A writ authorizing the arrest of a defendant in a suit. It is issued, either after judgment, or when it is satisfactorily shown that the defendant is about to leave the realm before trial.

Capias ad Satisfaciendum,or CA-SA. The writ of capias when issued after judgment; so termed, because the defendant is taken to satisfy the plaintiff's demands.

Carrier. A person whose business it is to carry goods for the proper delivery and safety of which he is legally responsible.

Caveat. A proceeding to prevent an act being done, such as the granting of administration, without notice to the party entering the caveat.

Caveat Emptor. Let the purchaser beware. It signifies that a vendor is not bound to answer for the goodness of his wares, unless he expressly warrants them.