schools in Antigua, and it is now intended to establish grammar schools in St. Kitts and in Dominica. Sugar and molasses are the staple products in most of the islands. Fruit-growing is increasing in some of the islands. ANTIGUA. Islands of Barbuda and Redonda are dependencies, with a population of 813. Area 62 square miles. Executive Council nominated; Legislative Council of 24 members, 4 ex-officio, 8 nominated, 12 elected members. Chief town, St. John, 10,000. Chief products sugar and pineapples. Much cultivable land waste. In Government savings-banks 900 depositors, 28,1747. deposits.

MONTSERRAT. Nominated Legislative Council. Chief town Plymouth, 1,400. Chief products sugar, and lime juice from fruit of lime trees; 1,000 acres under lime trees.

ST. CHRISTOPHER and NEVIS have one Executive Council nominated, and a Legislative Council of 10 official and 10 nominated unofficial members. Capital of St. Kitts, Basseterre, 7,000; of Nevis, Charlestown, 1,600. Sugar chief product of both islands. Produce of Anguilla, cattle, pines, garden stock, phosphate of lime, and salt.

VIRGIN ISLANDS consist of all the group not occupied by Denmark, except Crab Island, which is Spanish. Nominated Executive and Legislative Councils. Chief town, Roadtown in Tortola Island, 400. Mostly peasant proprietors; sugar and cotton cultivated.

DOMINICA. Nominated Executive Council, and Legislative Council of 7 nominated and 7 elected members. Chief product sugar, with fruit, cocoa, and timber.

SOMBRERO is a small island in the Virgin group, but unattached administratively to any group. Phosphate of lime is shipped, and there is a Board of Trade lighthouse.

TRINIDAD,

Immediately north of the mouth of the Orinoco, includes Tobago administratively.

Governor.-Sir W. Robinson, K.C.M.G. (5,0001.), with Executive Council, and a Legislative Council of 8 official and 8 unofficial members, all nominated. Tobago has a subordinate administrator with Legislative Council of not less than 3 nominated.

Area: Trinidad 1,754 square miles; Tobago 114. Population: Trinidad (1888) 189,566; Tobago (1887) 19,937. Capital, Trinidad, Port of Spain, 31,900. Births (1888) 6,752, deaths 5,778, marriages 772. Immigrants (1888), chiefly Indian coolies, 1,860; emigrants 485. Education: 191 scholars, 16,000 pupils, Government grant 16,7837. There are many private schools, and a Queen's Royal College, with 65 students, and an attached Roman Catholic college with 220 students. Of the total area 731,340 acres are cultivated (about three-fifths of whole). Under sugar-cane, 52,160 acres: cacao and coffee, 43,360; ground provisions, 18,053; coco-nuts, 2,767; pasture, 6,242: the rest uncultivated. There is a large pitch lake in the island which is worked to some extent. Railway 54 miles; receipts (1888) 63,000l. 717 miles of telegraph. There is a Colonial Bank, with note circulation of 130,000l. Government savings-bank, depositors (1888) 5,350; deposits (Dec. 31) 122,763. Volunteer corps 235. Police force 435.

TOBAGO was annexed to Trinidad Jan. 1, 1889. In 1888 there were 338 summary convictions, and 3 before the Supreme Courts. The culture of cotton and tobacco has been introduced.

Virgin Islands. See LEEWARD ISLANDS.

WINDWARD ISLANDS

Consist of Grenada, St. Vincent, the Grenadines (half under St. Vincent, half under Grenada), and St. Lucia, and form the eastern barrier to the Caribbean Sea between Martinique and Trinidad.

Governor and Commissioner-in-Chief.-Sir W. F. Hely-Hutchinson (2,5007.-resident at St. George's, Grenada). Each island has its own institutions; there is no common legislature, laws, revenue, or tariff; there is a Common Court of Appeal, and the colonies unite for other common purposes. Legal currency, British sterling, doubloons, and United States gold coins. The Colonial Bank issues 5-dollar notes to the extent of 9,8007. in St. Lucia, 11,7007. in Grenada, 8,000/. in St. Vincent.

GRENADA.—There is a Legislative Council of 6 official members nominated by the Governor, and 7 unofficial members nominated by the Crown. Each parish has a Board (partly elected).for local affairs. Area, 120 square miles; population (December 31, 1888), 49,337 (including 1,961 coolies). Births (1888), 2,230; deaths, 1,145; marriages, 269. There are (1888) 29 Government and Government-aided schools, with 4,440 pupils-Government grant, 2,8087.; also grammar school, with 35 pupils-Government grant, 2501. In 1888, 877 summary convictions; 21 in superior courts.

Under cultivation (1888), 21,071 acres (one-fourth of area):-sugarcane, 1,113 acres; cocoa, 11,188 acres; cotton, 1,768 acres; spices, 1,681 acres; coffee, 35 acres; culture of sugar-cane steadily decreasing, of cocoa and cotton increasing. In 1888, 277 depositors in savings-banks; balance (December 31) 5,6327. Letters and newspapers passed through the Post Office, 150,000.

The largest of the Grenadines attached to Grenada is Carriacou; area, 6,913 acres; population, 5,154.

ST. VINCENT. Administrator and Colonial Secretary, Captain I. C. Maling, with Legislative Council of 4 official and 4 nominated unofficial members. Area, 122 square miles; population (1888), 46,872 (in 1881, English, 233; other whites, 2,460; coolies, 1,402; half-breeds, 5,774; blacks, 30,679). Capital, Kingston, 5,393 population. Education: 48 schools, 4,968 pupils; Government grant, 1,8037. Sugar, rum, cocoa, spices, and arrowroot are produced; good timber from the forests. Most of the cultivated land belongs to one firm. About 13,000 acres (one-sixth of area) under cultivation. Letters passed through the Post Office, 105,500. Chief coaling station for West Indies; is being strongly fortified.

ST. LUCIA. Administrator and Colonial Secretary, Robert B. Llewelyn, with a nominated Executive and Legislative Council. Area, 245 square miles; population (1888), 42,504. Chief town, Castries, 4,555. Births (1888), 1,554; deaths, 1,024. Education (1888): 26 schools (14 Protestant, 12 Roman Catholic), 3,351 pupils; Government grant, 1,4007. In 1888 there were 749 summary convictions, and 23 at superior courts. Sugar, cocoa, spices, and logwood are chief products. Savings-banks (end 1888), 453 depositors, 9,1087 deposits. Letters and post-cards despatched, 13,571; books and papers, 4,666.

Customs revenue (1888):-Bahamas, 38,3721.; Barbados, 88,7361. ; Jamaica, 310,3867.; Turk's Island, 4,9347.; St. Lucia, 22,9701.; St. Vincent, 13,5657.; Grenada, 27,1387.; Virgin Islands, 715l.; St. Kitts and Nevis, 27,7721.; Antigua, 28,1167.; Montserrat, 3,0457.; Dominica, 10,8337.; Trinidad, 205,6751.; Tobago, 5,3091.

The chief branches of expenditure are the Establishments-Trinidad, 148,1407.; Jamaica, 255,000l.; Barbados, 65,2067.; St. Vincent, 14,3231.; St. Kitts, 10,0447.; Grenada, 19,6247. Immigration-Trinidad, 45,130. Public Works-Trinidad, 78,1267.; Jamaica, 47,0421.; St. Vincent, 23,0971.

In 1889 the Public Debt of Jamaica was 1,581,0977.; of Bahamas, 83,1267.; of Barbados, 30,1007.; of Trinidad, 552,680; of St. Vincent, 13,2401.; of Grenada, 30,475l.; of Tobago, 600l.; of Montserrat, 3,9001.; of St. Kitts and Nevis, 11,9007.; St. Lucia, 130,2007.; Antigua, 25,5717.; Dominica, 13,4007.

Trinidad alone, in 1888, exported sugar valued at 724,1637.; cocoa. 611,8767.; molasses, 42,1697.; coco-nuts, 38,5301.; asphalt, 66,5757.; bitters, 42,830. Jamaica sugar, 288,402l.; rum, 202,4207.; coffee, 321,4407.; fruit, 356,8661. Barbados: sugar, 687,4371.; molasses, 133,850.; flour, 38,1927.; salt-fish, 26,2601. St. Vincent (1887): sugar, 42,5917.; arrowroot, 21,6727. Grenada: cocoa, 199,9027.; spice, 9,4297.; cotton, 7,6321. St. Lucia : sugar, 64,9837. ; cocoa, 22,9877.; logwood, 13,8637. Leeward Islands (1888): 396,9147.; molasses, 49,3047.

Exports to Great Britain (1888), 2,237,4707. (sugar, 1,105,8917. in 1885, 505,4317. in 1887, 733,5937. in 1888; rum, 235,0591.; cocoa, 388,9537. in 1887, 566,9617. in 1888; and dyes, 208,4477.).

The principal imports are food products, cotton goods, haberdashery and hardware, &c. Thus, in 1888, Jamaica imported cotton goods worth 317,4297.; flour (wheat), 139,5971.; rice, 54,8237. Trinidad imported flour, 116,0327.; rice, 110,8297.; cotton and other cloths, 363,4127.; meat (pickled, &c.), 52,7221. Barbados: linen, 160,6987.; flour, 88,5491.; rice, 57,6471.; butter, 21,8937. St. Vincent (1887): flour, 8,9077.; fish, 50,7501.; timber, 4,3287.; meat, 3,6967. St. Kitts and Nevis: breadstuffs, 33,2797.; textiles, 36,5801. Grenada: flour, 15,8937.; fish, 9,2477.; preserved meat, 6,2157. Imports from Great Britain, 1,982,6557. in 1887, 2,272,7887. in 1888 (cotton, 635,1427.; apparel, 301,7637.; leather and saddlery, 134,5177.; iron, 106,7571.; manure, 93,4971.; machinery, 79,4377. in 1888).

The total tonnage entered and cleared in 1888 was as follows:— Bahamas 198,478 Grenada 329,636 Dominica

Barbados 1,126,335 Virgin Islands 9,122

Trinidad

274,471 . 1,271,383

Jamaica

1,084,657 St. Kitts and

St. Vincent 239,157

Montserrat 313,344

Of the total tonnage 5,197,615 was British.

Currency, weights, and measures throughout the islands are those of Great Britain, though in several of them various American coins are current.

AUSTRALASIA AND OCEANIA.

FIJI.

Constitution and Government.

FIJI was ceded to the Queen by the chiefs and people of Fiji, and the British flag hoisted by Sir Hercules Robinson, on October 10, 1874. The government is administered by a Governor appointed by the Crown, assisted by an Executive Council consisting of the Colonial Secretary, the Attorney! General, the Receiver-General, and the Commissioner of Lands. Laws are passed by a Legislative Council, of which the Governor is president. It comprises six official members, and six unofficial members nominated by the Crown. The official members are the Chief Justice, the Attorney-General, the Receiver-General, the Commissioner of Lands, and the chief medical officer.

Governor of Fiji and High Commissioner for the Western Pacific.-Sir John Bates Thurston, K.C.M.G.

The Governor also exercises the functions of Her Majesty's High Commissioner and Consul-General for the Western Pacific. He has a salary of 2,000l. per annum.

There is no military establishment in the colony, but there is a force of armed native constabulary numbering 75.

For the purposes of native government the colony is divided into 16 provinces, in 14 of which a superior native chief exercises, under the title of Roko Tui of his province, a form of rule which recognises to a large degree the customs and the system of administration by which the people governed themselves prior to the establishment amongst them of a European form of government. In two of the provinces there are resident European officers as commissioners. About 155 native chiefs of inferior degree are employed by the Crown in subordinate capacities, and receive salaries from the Government. A European commissioner resides in Rotumah.

Area and Population.

Fiji comprises a group of islands lying between 15° and 20° south latitude, and 177° east and 178° west longitude. The islands exceed 200 in number, about 80 of which are inhabited. The largest is Viti Levu, with an area of about 4,250 square miles (about the same size as Jamaica); the next largest is Vanua Levu, with an area of about 2.600 square miles. The total area of the group is about 7,740 square miles. The island of Rotumah, lying between the 12° and 15° of south latitude, and 175° and 177° of east longitude, was added to the colony of Fiji by authority of Letters Patent in December 1880.

In 1888 the population of the colony consisted of