On the basis of the population of 1888 the density amounts to little more than 150 inhabitants per square mile.

The

During the seven years from 1881 to 1887 the decline of the population of Ireland was 7 per cent., or at the rate of 10 per cent. per annum. subjoined table gives the results of the enumerations in the four provinces of April 3, 1871, and of April 3, 1881, together with the decrease, in numbers and rate per cent., between 1871 and 1881:

The area and the population of the counties of the four provinces of Ireland at the census of April 3, 1881, are given in the following table:

The number of inhabited houses at the census of 1881 was 914,108, against 961,380 in 1871, and 995,156 in 1861, the decrease amounting to 6 per cent. in the decennial period 1871-81.

Of uninhabited houses, there were 31,530 at the census of 1871, and 58,257 in 1881, representing an increase of 84.76 per cent. in uninhabited houses; in 1871 there were 2,170 houses building, in 1881 only 1,710. The population was divided as follows according to occupation in 1881

The population in 1881 was distributed as follows among the larger towns:

In Ireland, in 1881, there were only three cities with over 50,000 inhabitants, viz., Dublin, with 249,602, but 349,648 within the metropolitan police district (336,600 in 1871); Belfast, 208,122; Cork, 80,124; Limerick had 38,562 inhabitants; Londonderry, 29,162; Waterford, 22,457. In 1888 the estimated population of Dublin was 353,082.

4. Islands in the British Seas.

The population of the Islands in the British Seas was found to be as follows at the census of April 4, 1881:

The following were the numbers of the population of the Islands at each of the four censuses of 1851, 1861, 1871, and 1881:

It will be seen that since the census of 1871 there has been a decrease

in the total population of the Islands.

The average proportion of illegitimate births in 1888 was 4.6 per cent., which has been the average rate for 13 years, having gradually diminished from 7 per cent. in 1845; the minimum rate in 1888, 3-2 per cent. in Essex, 3-4 per cent. in Middlesex (extraMetropolitan), and the maximum 80 in Shropshire and 8.5 in Herefordshire. The percentage for London was 3.8. The births and deaths are inclusive of still-born.

The proportion of male to female children born in England during the last ten years is as 1,041 to 1,000. But as the former suffer from a higher rate of mortality than the latter, the equilibrium between the sexes is restored about the tenth year of life, and is finally changed, by emigration, war, and perilous male occupations, to the extent that there are 1,000 women, of all ages, to 949 men in England.

The

average proportion of illegitimate births in 1887 was 8:34

per cent., the rate varying from 40 per cent. in Kinross to 18.2

per cent. in Wigton.

The average proportion of illegitimate births in 1888 was 2.9 per cent., the rate varying from 0.7 in Connaught to 44 in Ulster.

2. Emigration and Immigration.

There was very little emigration from the United Kingdom previous to 1815, in which year the number of emigrants was no more than 2,081. It rose gradually from 12,510 in 1816, to 34,987 in 1819. In the five years 1820-24 there emigrated 95,030 individuals; in the next five years, 1825-29, the number was 121,084; in 1830-34 it rose to 381,956; but sank again to 287,358 in 1835-39. Between 1815 and 1852 the total number of emigrants was 3,463,592; between 1853 and 1860 it was 1,582,475, of whom 1,312,683 were of British origin; between 1861 and 1870 it was 1,967,570, of whom 1,571,829 were of British origin; 1871-80, 2,228,396, of whom 1,678,919 were British; and the total from 1815 to 1884 was 10,842,149. The total emigration of persons of British origin only between 1853-88 was 8,675,475; of these 6,012,043 went to the United States, of whom 1,840,000 were English, 347,000 Scotch, and 2,232,000 Irish.

The following table exhibits the number of persons, natives and foreigners, emigrating from the United Kingdom to British North America, the United States, and Australasia, and the total number-the latter figure including the comparatively small number going to other than these three destinations (35,350 in 1889)-in each of the years from 1884 to 1889 :