for each of the two years ending March 31, 1890 and 1891, are estimated as follows:

The capital of the public debt was estimated to amount to 433,471,326 marks on April 1, 1889, of which the bulk bears interest at 4 per cent., and most of the balance 41. The debt of the Kingdom is divided into two portions-namely, the general debt and the railway debt. The latter, forming by far the largest portion of the total, amounted to 390,643,823 marks on April 1, 1889. The total debt amounts to about 107. 15s. per head of the population, and the charge (interest and sinking fund) for 1889-90 to 20,330,657 marks, or about 10s, per head. The net income of

the railways, all expenses deducted, amounts to 14,526,685 marks, covering 82 per cent. of the interest charge of the whole public debt, but not the entire interest charge of the railway debt alone, which amounts to 15,861,736.

Army.

The total strength of the Württemberg corps d'armée (the 13th of Germany) is on the peace footing 20,760 men, 3,786 horses, and 96 guns. In 1886-87 there were 7,208 recruits.

Industry.

Württemberg is primarily an agricultural State, and 4,720 square miles, or about two-thirds of the entire area, are under cultivation, and about three-tenths under forest. On June 5, 1882, the total number of agricul tural tenements, each cultivated by one household, was as follows:

These farms supported 923,252 persons, of whom 387,484 were actively engaged upon them.

The areas under the principal crops (in hectares), and the yield (in metric tons) per hectare in 1888-89, and the average annual yield for 1878-87, are as follows:

In 1888-89 vines occupied 18,299 hectares, and yielded 454,116 hectolitres of wine; 2,483 hectares were under tobacco, producing 43,978 lbs. of dried leaf.

In 1888-89, 7,668 breweries produced 3,153,511 hectolitres of beer. The total value of the minerals raised in the kingdom in 1888 was only 766,680 marks.

There are (1889) in Württemberg 917 miles of railway, of which 888 miles belong to the State, which also is proprietor of 90 miles in neighbouring countries.

British Minister.-Sir Henry Barron, Bart., C.M.G.

Statistical and other Books of Reference concerning Germany.

1. OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.

Amtliche Liste der Schiffe der Deutschen Kriegs- und Handelsmarine, mit ihren Unterscheidungs-Signalen. Abgeschlossen am 1. Januar 1889. Herausgegeben im Reichsamt des Innern, Berlin, 1889,

Denkschrift über die Deutschen Schutzgebiete. Reichstagsdrucksache. 6. LegislaturPeriode, II. Session, 1884-86, Nr. 44. Berlin.

Deutscher Reichs- und Königl. Preussischer Staats-Anzeiger. Berlin, 1889.

Deutsches Handelsarchiv. Zeitschrift für Handel und Gewerbe. Herausgegeben vom Reichsamt des Innern. Berlin (monthly).

Die Deutsche Armee und die Kaiserliche Marine. Eintheilung, Truppen, &c. Bearbeitet in der kartographischen Abtheilung der Königl. Landesaufnahme. 1. Jahrgang. Berlin, 1888. Genealogie der Europäischen Regentenhäuser für 1889. 8. Berlin, 1889.

Handbuch für das Deutsche Reich auf das Jahr 1889. Bearbeitet im Reichsamt des Innern. Berlin, 1889.

Handbuch für die Deutsche Handelsmarine auf das Jahr 1889. Herausgegeben im Reichsamt des Innern. Berlin, 1889.

Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern. 8. München, 1889.

Kalender und Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Königreich Sachsen auf das Jahr 1882. Dresden, 1889.

Königlich-Preussischer Staats-Kalender für 1889. 8. Berlin, 1889.

Königlich-Württembergisches Hof- und Staats-Handbuch. Herausgeg. von dem Königi Statistisch-topographischen Bureau. 8. Stuttgart, 1889.

Monatshefte zur Statistik des Deutschen Reichs. Herausgegeben vom Kaiserlichen Statistischen Amt. Jahrgang 1889. Berlin, 1889.

Preussische Statistik. Herausgegeben vom Königlichen Statistischen Bureau in Berlin. Fol. Berlin, 1889.

Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Sachsen. Dresden, 1889.

Statistik der Deutschen Reichs-Post und Telegraphen-Verwaltung für das Kalenderjahr 1888. 4. Berlin, 1889.

Statistik der im Betriebe befindlichen Eisenbahnen Deutschlands. Eisenbahn Amt. Band VIII. Betriebsjahr 1887-88. Berlin, 1889.

Bearbeitet im Reichs

Statistik des Deutschen Reichs. Herausgegeben vom Kaiserlichen Statist. Amt. Neue Folge. Band 1-43, to end of 1889.

Statistik des Hamburgischen Staats. 4. Hamburg, 1889.

Statistisches Handbuch für Elsass-Lothringen. Strassburg, 1889.

Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich. Herausgegeben vom Kaiserlichen Statistischen Amt. Zehnter Jahrgang, 1889. Berlin, 1889.

Vorläufige Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 1. December 1885 im Königreiche Preussen. Berlin, 1886.

Zeitschrift des Königl. Preussischen Statistischen Bureaus. 4. Berlin, 1889.
Zeitschrift des K. Sächsischen Statistischen Bureaus. 4. Leipzig, 1889.

Hertslet (Sir Edward, C.B.), Foreign Office List. Published annually. London, 1889. Angra Pequeña. Copy of Despatch from the Earl of Derby to H.M.'s High Commission in S. Africa relative to the Establishment of a German Protectorate at Angra Pequeña and along the Coast. London, 1884.

Arrangement between Great Britain and Germany relative to their respective Spheres in Africa. London, 1885. The same with reference to New Guinea. London, 1835.

Correspondence relating to Zanzibar. London, 1885.

Correspondence respecting Affairs in the Cameroons. London, 1885.

Trade of Germany with the United Kingdom; in Annual Statement of the Trade of the United Kingdom with Foreign Countries and British Possessions for the year 1888.' London,

1889.

Weissbuch. Official Correspondence relating to German Possessions in Africa and the Pacific, and to the Congo, Egypt, and East Asia. 7 vols. Berlin, 1884-1889.

2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.

Baring-Gould (S.), Germany, Past and Present. 2 vols. 8. London, 1881. Brückner, Jahrbuch der Deutschen Kolonialpolitik und des Export. Berlin, 1887-89. Büttner (C. G.), Das Hinterland von Walfischbai und Angra Pequeña. Heidelberg, 1884. Dilthey (R.), Der Wirthschaftliche Werth von Deutsch. Ost-Afrika. Düsseldorf, 1889. Deutsche Kolonialzeitung, Organ der Deutschen Kolonialgesellschaft. Berlin (fortnightly) Export, Organ des Centralvereins für Handelsgeographie und Förderung Deutscher Interessen im Auslande. Berlin (weekly).

Fircks (A. Freiherr von), Die Volkskraft Deutschland's und Frankreich's. Statistische Skizze. 8. Berlin, 1875.

Franco-German War, 1870-71.

Authorised translation. 4 vols. London, 1881-83.
Frenzel und Mende, Deutschland's Kolonien. Hannover, 1889.
Gothäischer genealogischer Hof-Kalender auf das Jahr 1890.

Gotha, 1890.

Herzog von Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Carl Michael), Die Statistik des Militär-Ersatz-Geschäftes im Deutschen Reiche. Leipzig, 1887.

Hübbe-Schleiden, Deutsche Colonisation. Hamburg, 1881.

Hue de Grais, Handbuch der Verfassung und Verwaltung in Preussen und dem Deutschen Reiche. 5. Auflage. Berlin, 1886.

Jung (K.E.), Deutsche Kolonien. Leipzig, 1885.

Koschitzky (Max von), Deutsche Kolonialgeschichte. Leipzig, 1887.

Legoyt (Alfred), Forces matérielles de l'empire d'Allemagne. 18. Paris, 1878.
Lowe (Charles), Life of Prince Bismarck. 2 vols. London, 1888.

Meinecke (G.), Koloniales Jahrbuch. Berlin, 1890.

Mitteilungen aus den Deutschen Schutzgebieten. Berlin, 1888-89.

Morhain, De l'empire Allemand: sa constitution et son administration. Paris, 1886. Nachrichten über Kaiser Wilhelm's Land und den Bismarck-Archipel. Herausgegeben von der Neu-Guinea Kompagnie. Berlin (at intervals).

Neumann (G.), Das Deutsche Reich in geographischer, statistischer und topographischer Beziehung. 2 vols. 8. Berlin, 1872-74.

Nicolson (A.), A Sketch of the German Constitution, and of the Events in Germany from 1815 to 1871. 8. London, 1875.

Reclus (Elisée), Nouvelle géographie universelle. Vol. III. Paris, 1878.
Statistisches Jahrbuch der höhern Schulen Deutschlands. Leipzig, 1886-87.

Sybel (H. von), Die Begründung des Deutschen Reichs. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1889.
Wagner, Deutsch. Ostafrika. 2. Auflage. Berlin, 1888.

Waitz (Georg), Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte. 5 vols. 8. Kiel, 1871-74.
Whitman (Sidney), Imperial Germany. London, 1889.

Zöller, Das Togo-Land und die Sklavenküste. Berlin, 1885.

Zöller, Die Deutsche Kolonie Kamerun, 2 Bände. Berlin, 1885]

GREECE.

(KINGDOM OF THE HELLENES.)
Reigning King.

Georgios I., born December 24, 1845, the second son (Wilhelm) of Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-SonderburgGlücksburg, present King of Denmark; elected King of the Hellenes by the National Assembly at Athens, March 18 (30), 1863; accepted the crown, through his father the King of Denmark, acting as his guardian, June 4, 1863; declared of age by decree of the National Assembly, June 27, 1863; landed in Greece November 2, 1863; married, October 27, 1867, to Queen Olga, born August 22 (September 3), 1851, the eldest daughter of Grand-duke Constantine of Russia, brother of the late Emperor Alexander IL

Children of the King.

I. Prince Konstantinos, heir-apparent, born August 2, 1868; married, October 27, 1889, to Princess Sophia, Princess of Prussia. II. Prince Georgios, born June 24, 1869. III. Princess Alexandra, born August 30, 1870. IV. Prince Nicolaos, born January 21, 1872. V. Princess Maria, born March 3, 1876. VI. Prince Andreas, born February 13, 1882. VII. Prince Christopheros, born August 10, 1888.

By decision of the Greek National Assembly of May 15, 1863, a civil list of 1,125,000 drachmai was settled on King Georgios I., to which the Governments of Great Britain, France, and Russis added 4,000l. each, making the total income of the sovereign of Greece about 52,000l. per annum. An annuity of 200,000 drachmai is allowed to the heir-apparent since he came of age in August 1886.

Greece, a province of the Turkish Empire since the commencement of the 16th century, gained its independence in the insurrection of 1821-29, and by the Protocol of London, of February 3, 1830, was declared a kingdom, under the protection of Great Britain, France, and Russia. Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg having declined the crown of Greece, on the ground that the boundaries proposed were insufficient, and especially excluded the island of Crete, it was offered to, and accepted by, Prince Otto of Bavaria,