Census of Scotland, 1881. Edinburgh, 1881-83. Census for Ireland for the year 1881. Dublin, 1882-83. Consolidated Fund: Abstract Account, 1888-89. London, 1889. Craik (Dr. H.). Report on Highland Schools. London, 1884. Customs: 33rd Report of the Commissioners of H.M.'s Customs. 8. London, 1889. Debt, National Sinking Fund Accounts, 1889. Return relating to Debt, 1888-89. National Debt Bill, 1883; and Statement illustrating the Bill. Distribution of Seats Act, 1885. London, 1885. Duchy of Cornwall: Accounts of Receipts and Disbursements in the year 1888. Fol. London, 1889. Duchy of Lancaster: Accounts of Receipts and Disbursements in the year 1888. Fol. London, 1889. Ecclesiastical Commission: 40th Report, with Appendix. 8. London, 1889. Education: Elementary Schools in England and Scotland. Return showing Expenditure upon Grants, and Results of Inspection and Examination. 8. London, 1889. Education: Report of Committee of Council on Education for 1888-89. London, 1888. Education: Report of the Committee of Council on Education in Scotland, 1888-89. London, 1889. 8. Education: 35th Report of the Science and Art Department. London, 1889. Education: Report of the Intermediate Education Board for Ireland for the year 1888. London, 1889. Education: Return showing number of Children of School Age, amount of School Accommodation, &c., in Scotland. London, 1880. Education: 55th Report of the Commissioners of National Education in Ireland for 1888. Dublin, 1889. Electoral Statistics, Return of, in County and Borough Constituencies in England and Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. London, 1889. Electors: Return of the number of Electors on the Register of each County in England and Wales, in Scotland, and in Ireland. Fol. London, 1889. Emigration: Statistical Tables relating to Emigration and Immigration for 1888. Fol. London, 1889. Emigration Statistics of Ireland for 1888. Dublin, 1889. Estimates for the year 1889-90. Fol. London, 1889. Financial Statement, 1889-90. London, 1889. Finance Accounts of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for the Financial Year ended March 31, 1889. 8. London, 1889. Fish Conveyed Inland by Railway: Return for 1879-89. London, 1889. Income and Property Tax: Return of the Amount of Income and Property Tax in Great Britain and Ireland for 1814, and in each of the years 1842 to 1880. London, 1880. Also Annual Returns for 1884-85. London, 1886. Inland Revenue: Report of Commissioners on the Duties under their Management for the years 1856 to 1869, with some Retrospective History and complete Tables of Accounts of the Duties from their first Imposition. 2 vols. Fol. pp. 168 and 219. London, 1870. Inland Revenue: 32nd Report of the Commissioners. 8. London, 1889. Judicial Statistics of Ireland for 1888. Fol. London, 1889. Landowners in England and Wales: Return of the Owners of Land of one acre and upwards in England and Wales. 2 vols. London, 1876. Landowners in Ireland: Return of the Owners of Land of one acre and upwards in Ireland. Dublin, 1876. Landowners in Scotland: Return of the Owners of Land of one acre and upwards in Scotland. Edinburgh, 1875. Local Government Act, 1888. London, 1888. Local Taxation Returns: England. Published annually. Fol. London, 1889. Merchant Shipping: Tables showing the Progress of British Merchant Shipping. Fol. London, 1886. Militia: Return showing Establishment of each Regiment in 1888. London, 1889. Miscellaneous Statistics of the United Kingdom. Part XII. Fol. London, 1883. : Poor Law, England: 18th Report of Local Government Board. 8. London, 1889. Poor Relief, Scotland: 43rd Report of Commissioners. 8. Edinburgh, 1889. Poor Relief, Ireland: 17th Report of Local Government Board for Ireland. 8. Dub., 1889. Post Office: 41st Report of the Postmaster-General on the Post Office. 8, London, 1889. Public Accounts: Report from the Committee. Fol. London, 1889. Public Income and Expenditure: Account for year ended 31st March, 1889. Fol. London, 1889. Public Records: 44th Report of the Commissioners. 8. London, 1889. Railway Companies of the United Kingdom: General Report to the Board of Trade for the year 1888. Fol. London, 1889. Railway Returns for England and Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, for the year 1888. Fol. London, 1889. Reformatory and Industrial Schools: 31st Report of Commissioners. 8. London, 1889. Roll of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal in the 25th Parliament. London, 1889. Statistical Abstract for the United Kingdom, in each of the fifteen years from 1874 to 1888. No. 34. 8. London, 1889. Statistical Abstract for the Principal Foreign Countries, in each year from 1876 to 1887-88. No. 13. 8. London, 1889. Taxation in England and Wales: Return for the Financial Year 1814-15, and for each of the Financial Years from 1812-43 to 1873-74. Fol. pp. 4. London, 1875. Volunteer Corps: Annual Returns, 1888. London, 1889. Woods, Forests, and Land Revenues: 66th 1889. Yeomanry Cavalry Training Return, 1888. Report of the Commissioners. Fol. London, London, 1889. 2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. Baxter (Dudley), The Taxation of the United Kingdom. 8. London, 1869. Brassey (Sir T.), The British Navy. 5 vols. London, 1882-83. Brassey (Sir T.), The Naval Annual. 1889. Burrows (Montagu), Constitutional Progress. 8. London, 1869. Catholic Directory for 1890. London, 1889. Chalmers (M. D.), Local Government. London, 1883. Clode (Charles M.), History of the Administration and Government of the British Army, from the Revolution of 1688. 2 vols. 8. London, 1869-70. Creasy (Sir Edward), The Imperial and Colonial Constitutions of the Britannic Empire, including Indian Institutions. 8. London, 1872. Cunningham (W.), The Growth of English Industry and Commerce. London, 1882. Dowell (Stephen), A History of Taxation and Taxes in England. 4 vols. London, 1888. Ellis's Irish Education Directory for 1890. Dublin, 1889. Fowle (J. W.), The Poor Law. London, 1881. Freeman (E. A.), The Growth of the English Constitution from the Earliest Times. New Ed. 8. London, 1873. Gneist (Rudolph), Das Englische Verwaltungsrecht der Gegenwart, in Vergleichung mit dem Deutschen Verwaltungssystem. 2 vols. Berlin, 1884. Hertslet (Sir E.), Treaties of Commerce and Navigation, &c., between Great Britain and Foreign Countries. London. Hearn (W. E.), The Government of England. 8. London, 1870. Lyne (Charles), An Account of the Establishment of the British Protectorate over the Southern Shores of New Guinea. London, 1885. Maitland (F. W.), Justice and Police. 8. London, 1885. May (Thomas Erskine), Constitutional History of England. 2 vols. 8. London, 1861-63. Molesworth (Rev. W. N.), History of England, 1830-74. 5th ed. 3 vols. 8. London, 1874. Noble (John), National Finance. 8. London, 1875. Palgrave (Reginald), The House of Commons. 8. London, 1869. Palgrave (R. H. Inglis), The Local Taxation of Great Britain and Ireland. 8. London, 1871. Scotland, The Church of its Position and Work. Edinburgh, 1882. vols. London, 1883. The English Citizen, his Rights and Responsibilities. 13 vols. Todd (Al.), On Parliamentary Government in England. 2 vols. 8. London, 1887-89. Walpole (Spencer), The British Fish Trade: Handbook in connection with International Fisheries Exhibition. London, 1883. Wright (R. S.) and Hobhouse (Henry), An Outline of Local Government and Local Taxation in England and Wales. London, 1884. Young (Sir Frederick), Imperial Federation of Great Britain and her Colonies. 8. London, II. INDIA, THE COLONIES, PROTECTORATES, AND DEPENDENCIES OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE. In the following pages the various sections of the British Empire outside the United Kingdom are arranged in alphabetical order under the divisions of the world to which they belong :1. Europe; 2. Asia; 3. Africa; 4. America; 5. Australasia and Oceania. The Colonies proper form three classes: (1) The Crown Colonies, which are entirely controlled by the home government; (2) those possessing Representative Institutions, in which the Crown has no more than a veto on legislation, but the home government retains the control of public officers; and (3) those possessing Responsible Government, in which the home government has no control over any public officer, though the Crown still retains a veto on legislation. The total expenditure of the Mother Country in connection with the Colonies (exclusive of India) amounts to about 2 millions sterling annually, mainly for military and naval purposes. According to the Army Estimates for the year 1889-90, the total effective strength of the British forces in the colonies, exclusive of India, was 27,568 men, rank and file. The number of troops in the various colonies having British garrisons was as follows:-Malta, 7,026 men; Gibraltar, 5,870; Cape of Good Hope and Natal, 3,424; Ceylon, 1,401; Bermuda, 1,387; Canada (Halifax), 1,426; Hong Kong, 1,808; Jamaica, 1,324; Straits Settlements, 1,305; Mauritius, 531; West Coast of Africa, 574; Cyprus, 960; St. Helena, 255; and the Bahamas, 84 men. The contributions from colonial revenues in aid of military expenditure for 1888-89 are estimated to amount to 121,5007., as follows:-Natal, 4,000l.; Mauritius, 15,5297.; Hong Kong, 21,0007.; Straits Settlements, 38,3467.; Ceylon, 37,6257.; Malta, 5,000%. EUROPE. GIBRALTAR. Governor-General.-Hon. Sir A. E. Hardinge, K.C.B.; salary,′5,0007. Secretary.-Cavendish Boyle, C.M.G., The Rock of Gibraltar is a Crown colony, situated in 36° 6' N. latitude and 5° 21′ W. longitude, in the Province of Andalusia, in Spain, commanding the entrance to the Mediterranean. The Governor, who is also Commander-in-Chief, exercises all the functions of Government and legislation. Population Area, 1 square mile; greatest elevation, 1,439 feet. (1889), 24,089, including garrison of 5,708 men. Settled population mostly descendants of Genoese settlers. Average births per 1,000 of civil population, 277; of military popula tion, 22.4. Deaths per 1,000 of civil population, 20·5; of military population, 8.9. Religion of fixed population mostly Roman Catholic; one Protestant cathedral and three Roman Catholic churches; annual subsidy to each communion 5001. Several private English schools; elementary schools, 14 (6 Roman Catholic). Pupils, 2,074 in 1888. Government grant, 1,4407. One magistrate's court and a supreme court. Chief sources of revenue:-Port dues, rent of Crown estate, excise, post office, &c. Branches of expenditure:-Government civil establishments, administration of justice, public works, &c. Contribution by home Government, nil. Industries unimportant. Military expenditure by Imperial Government, 237,0137. Government savings bank, with 1,731 depositors and 54,2817. deposits (1889). Gibraltar is a coaling station and port of call of great importance. In 1888 the total tonnage of vessels entered and cleared was 11,986,032, of which 10,124,006 was British. Three miles of internal telegraph under military management. Postal communication daily with England. Branch post offices at Tangier, Laraiche, Rabat, Casablanca, Mazagan, and Mogador. The legal currency is that of Spain, but British coins are accepted in commercial transactions. HELIGOLAND. Governor.-Arthur Cecil Stuart Barkly, C.M.G. (salary 8007, paid by Home Government), assisted by an executive council. A Crown colony consisting of two islands in the North Sea, 25 miles from the mouth of the Elbe, utilised as a summer resort. Area, mile. Population, 2,001 (in 1881), are Lutherans; 13,000 visitors from May to October. Natives are of Frisian origin. Education, one school, with 357 pupils; Government grant, 2501. Public debt, nil. Chief source of revenue: Import dues on spirits, wine, beer, and petroleum ; house and property tax; post-office; bathing establishment, &c. Fish exports. No shipping except ten small cutters, which carry goods to and fro to the neighbouring Continental ports, principally Hamburg. There is, besides, a fishing fleet of nearly forty boats belonging to the Colony. The island for a large portion of the year forms the rendezvous of the English North Sea Fisheries. Communication with the mainland is maintained by 29 steamers weekly from the adjacent German ports during the bathing season (June to October), and in winter by two mail steamers per week from Cuxhaven. No direct communication with Great Britain exists as yet. Everything has to be imported, as, except fish and a few potatoes, the island produces nothing. The entire top of the island is under cultivation, or affords grazing for some 200 sheep. In 1888, through the Post Office passed 76,346 letters, 50,151 post-cards, 22,5 2 newspapers, books, parcels, &c. ; 580 letters of a declared value of 20,4977, irrespective of 2,795 post-office orders to the amount of 12,9757. Telegraph cable to the Continent, 32 miles long. Savings-banks with 175 depositors, and 7717. of deposits end of 1888. MALTA. (35° 40′ N. 14° 31' E.) Governor.-Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Augustus Smyth, K.C.M.G. (salary 5,000Z.). An island in the Mediterranean, 58 miles from Sicily, with an excellent harbour. Malta is 17 miles long; area, 95 miles; and the neighbouring island Gozo, 20 miles; total area (with Comino), 117 square miles. Population estimated for 1888 at 162,423 (English 2,138, foreigners 1,097). Local military, 1,198. Chief town and port, Valetta. Education -87 public schools, with 10,703 pupils in 1888; Government grant, 17.0361. There are a university, 1 lyceum, and 2 secondary schools. In 1888, 7,924 persons were committed to prison. The government is to some extent representative. The Governor is assisted by an executive council and a council of government, according to the Constitution of 1887, of 6 official and 14 elected. Both these councils are presided over by the Governor. Those elected members having the confidence of the majority are members of the Government as unofficial members of the executive. Estimated revenue (1889), 228,3321., and expenditure, 235,2831. Chief sources of revenue, 1888: Customs, 156,6007.; land-tax, 14,9571.; rents, 22,9441.; postage, 9,7107.; interest, 9.1637.; licences, 3,9157. Branches of expenditure: Establishments, 90,4777.; services, &c., 121,8367.; H |