overcharged. We too have walked through Monmouth Street; but with little feeling of 'Devotion: probably in part because the contemplative process is so fatally broken in upon by the brood of money-changers who nestle in that Church, and importune the worshipper with merely secular proposals. Whereas Teufelsdröckh might be in that happy middle state, which leaves to the Clothes-broker no hope either of sale or of purchase, and so be allowed to linger there without molestation.—Something we would have given to see the little philosophical figure, with its steeple-hat and loose flowing skirts, and eyes in a fine frenzy, 'pacing and repacing in austerest thought' that foolish Street; which to him was a true Delphic avenue, and supernatural Whispering-gallery, where the 'Ghosts of Life' rounded strange secrets in his ear. O thou philosophic Teufelsdröckh, that listenest while others only gabble, and with thy quick tympanum hearest the grass grow!

At the same time, is it not strange that, in Paper-bag Documents destined for an English work, there exists nothing like an authentic diary of this his sojourn in London; and of his Meditations among the Clothes-shops only the obscurest emblematic shadows? Neither, in conversation (for, indeed, he was not a man to pester you with his Travels), have we heard him more than allude to the subject.

For the rest, however, it cannot be uninteresting that we here find how early the significance of Clothes had dawned on the now so distinguished Clothes - Professor. Might we but fancy it to have been even in Monmouth Street, at the bottom of our own English 'ink-sea,' that this remarkable Volume first took being, and shot forth its salient point in his soul,—as in Chaos did the Egg of Eros, one day to be hatched into a Universe!

CHAPTER VII.

ORGANIC FILAMENTS.

FOR us, who happen to live while the World - Phoenix is burning herself, and burning so slowly that, as Teufelsdröckh calculates, it were a handsome bargain would she engage to have done within two centuries,' there seems to lie but an ashy

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prospect. Not altogether so, however, does the Professor figure it. 'In the living subject,' says he, 'change is wont to be gra'dual: thus, while the serpent sheds its old skin, the new is already formed beneath. Little knowest thou of the burning ' of a World-Phoenix, who fanciest that she must first burn-out, ' and lie as a dead cinereous heap; and therefrom the young one start-up by miracle, and fly heavenward. Far otherwise! In that Fire-whirlwind, Creation and Destruction proceed together; ever as the ashes of the Old are blown about, do organic filaments of the New mysteriously spin themselves : ' and amid the rushing and the waving of the Whirlwind-ele'ment come tones of a melodious Deathsong, which end not 'but in tones of a more melodious Birthsong. Nay, look into 'the Fire - whirlwind with thy own eyes, and thou wilt see.' Let us actually look, then: to poor individuals, who cannot expect to live two centuries, those same organic filaments, mysteriously spinning themselves, will be the best part of the spectacle. First, therefore, this of Mankind in general:

'In vain thou deniest it,' says the Professor; thou art my Brother. Thy very Hatred, thy very Envy, those foolish Lies ' thou tellest of me in thy splenetic humour: what is all this but an inverted Sympathy? Were I a Steam-engine, wouldst 777

'thou take the trouble to tell lies of me? Not thou! I should 'grind all unheeded, whether badly or well.

Wondrous truly are the bonds that unite us one and all; 'whether by the soft binding of Love, or the iron chaining of Necessity, as we like to choose it. More than once have I 'said to myself, of some perhaps whimsically strutting Figure, 'such as provokes whimsical thoughts: "Wert thou, my little 'Brotherkin, suddenly covered-up within the largest imaginable Glass-bell, what a thing it were, not for thyself only, but for 'the world! Post Letters, more or fewer, from all the four winds, impinge against thy Glass walls, but have to drop un'read: neither from within comes there question or response 'into any Postbag; thy Thoughts fall into no friendly ear or heart, thy Manufacture into no purchasing hand: thou art no longer a circulating venous-arterial Heart, that, taking and giving, circulatest through all Space and all Time: there has a Hole fallen-out in the immeasurable, universal World-tissue. ' which must be darned-up again !"

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'Such venous-arterial circulation, of Letters, verbal Messages, paper and other Packages, going out from him and coming in, are a blood-circulation, visible to the eye: but the 'finer nervous circulation, by which all things, the minutest 'that he does, minutely influence all men, and the very look of his face blesses or curses whomso it lights on, and so gene'rates ever new blessing or new cursing: all this you cannot see, but only imagine. I say, there is not a red Indian, hunting by Lake Winnipic, can quarrel with his squaw, but the 'whole world must smart for it: will not the price of beaver ⚫rise? It is a mathematical fact that the casting of this pebble 'from my hand alters the centre of gravity of the Universe.

'If now an existing generation of men stand so woven to'gether, not less indissolubly does generation with generation. • Hast thou ever meditated on that word, Tradition: how we ⚫ inherit not Life only, but all the garniture and form of Life ; ' and work, and speak, and even think and feel, as our Fathers, ' and primeval grandfathers, from the beginning, have given it us?—Who printed thee, for example, this unpretending Volume on the Philosophy of Clothes? Not the Herren Stillschweigen and Company; but Cadmus of Thebes, Faust of Mentz, and innumerable others whom thou knowest not. Had there been no Masogothic Ulfila, there had been no English Shakspeare, or a different one. Simpleton! it was Tubalcain • that made thy very Tailor's needle, and sewed that court-suit ⚫ of thine.

'Yes, truly, if Nature is one, and a living indivisible whole, 'much more is Mankind, the Image that reflects and creates Nature, without which Nature were not. As palpable life'streams in that wondrous Individual Mankind, among so many life-streams that are not palpable, flow on those main-currents ⚫ of what we call Opinion; as preserved in Institutions, Polities, • Churches, above all in Books. Beautiful it is to understand ' and know that a Thought did never yet die; that as thou, the originator thereof, hast gathered it and created it from the 'whole Past, so thou wilt transmit it to the whole Future. ' is thus that the heroic heart, the seeing eye of the first times, 'still feels and sees in us of the latest; that the Wise Man ́ stands ever encompassed, and spiritually embraced, by a cloud ⚫ of witnesses and brothers; and there is a living, literal Com.

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⚫munion of Saints, wide as the World itself, and as the History of the World.

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Noteworthy also, and serviceable for the progress of this • same Individual, wilt thou find his subdivision into Genera⚫tions. Generations are as the Days of toilsome Mankind : • Death and Birth are the vesper and the matin bells, that sum'mon Mankind to sleep, and to rise refreshed for new advance⚫ment. What the Father has made, the Son can make and enjoy; but has also work of his own appointed him. Thus all things wax, and roll onwards; Arts, Establishments, Opinions, nothing is completed, but ever completing. Newton has learned 'to see what Kepler saw; but there is also a fresh heaven-derived force in Newton; he must mount to still higher points ⚫ of vision. So too the Hebrew Lawgiver is, in due time, followed by an Apostle of the Gentiles. In the business of Destruction, as this also is from time to time a necessary work, 'thou findest a like sequence and perseverance: for Luther it was as yet hot enough to stand by that burning of the Pope's Bull; Voltaire could not warm himself at the glimmering ashes, but required quite other fuel. Thus likewise, I note, 'the English Whig has, in the second generation, become an · English Radical; who, in the third again, it is to be hoped, 'will become an English Rebuilder. Find Mankind where thou wilt, thou findest it in living movement, in progress faster or slower: the Phoenix soars aloft, hovers with outstretched wings, 'filling Earth with her music; or, as now, she sinks, and with 'spheral swan-song immolates herself in flame, that she may soar the higher and sing the clearer.'

Let the friends of social order, in such a disastrous period, lay this to heart, and derive from it any little comfort they can. We subjoin another passage, concerning Titles:

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• Remark, not without surprise,' says Teufelsdröckh, 'how 'all high Titles of Honour come hitherto from Fighting. Your Herzog (Duke, Dux) is Leader of Armies; your Earl (Farl) 'is Strong Man; your Marshal cavalry Horse-shoer. A Millennium, or reign of Peace and Wisdom, having from of old been prophesied, and becoming now daily more and more indubitable, may it not be apprehended that such Fighting-titles will cease to be palatable, and new and higher need to be devised?

'The only Title wherein I, with confidence, trace eternity,

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is that of King. König (King), anciently Könning, means • Ken-ning (Cunning), or which is the same thing, Can-ning. • Ever must the Sovereign of Mankind be fitly entitled King.'

'Well, also,' says he elsewhere, 'was it written by Theo'logians: a King rules by divine right. He carries in him an authority from God, or man will never give it him. Can I 'choose my own King? I can choose my own King Popin'jay, and play what farce or tragedy I may with him: but he 'who is to be my Ruler, whose will is to be higher than my 'will, was chosen for me in Heaven. Neither except in such

• Obedience to the Heaven-chosen is Freedom so much as con'ceivable.'

The Editor will here admit that, among all the wondrous provinces of Teufelsdröckh's spiritual world, there is none he walks in with such astonishment, hesitation, and even pain, as in the Political. How, with our English love of Ministry and Opposition, and that generous conflict of Parties, mind warming itself against mind in their mutual wrestle for the Public Good, by which wrestle, indeed, is our invaluable Constitution kept warm and alive; how shall we domesticate ourselves in this spectral Necropolis, or rather City both of the Dead and of the Unborn, where the Present seems little other than an inconsiderable Film dividing the Past and the Future? In those dim longdrawn expanses, all is so immeasurable; much so disastrous, ghastly; your very radiances and straggling light-beams have a supernatural character. And then with such an indifference, such a prophetic peacefulness (accounting the inevitably coming as already here, to him all one whether it be distant by centuries or only by days), does he sit ;--and live, you would say, rather in any other age than in his own! It is our painful duty to announce, or repeat, that, looking into this man, we discern a deep, silent, slow-burning, inextinguishable Radicalism, such as fills us with shuddering admiration.

Thus, for example, he appears to make little even of the Elective Franchise; at least so we interpret the following: Satisfy yourselves,' he says, 'by universal, indubitable experi'ment, even as ye are now doing or will do, whether FREEDOM, ⚫ heavenborn and leading heavenward, and so vitally essential ⚫ for us all, cannot peradventure be mechanically hatched and