NON-CONFEDERATE STATES OF SOUTH GERMANY. I. BAVARIA. (KÖNIGREICH BAYERN.) Reigning Sovereign and Family. Ludwig II., King of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine, born August 25, 1845, the son of King Maximilian II. and his consort, Queen Marie, daughter of the late Prince Wilhelm of Prussia; succeeded to the throne at the death of his father, March 10, 1864. Brother of the King.-Prince Otto, born April 27, 1848. Mother of the King.-Marie, Queen of Bavaria, born October 15, 1825, second daughter of the late Prince Wilhelm of Prussia, uncle of King Wilhelm I.; married to Prince Maximilian, heir-apparent of Bavaria, Oct. 12, 1842; widow, March 10, 1864. Uncles and Aunts of the King.-1. Prince Luitpold, born March 12, 1821, General in the Bavarian army; married April 15, 1844, to Archduchess Augusta of Austria, born April 1, 1825. Offspring of the union are three sons and one daughter, namely, Ludwig, born January 7, 1845, and married February 20, 1868, to Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, of the branch of Modena, born July 5, 1849; Leopold, born February 9, 1846; Theresa, born November 12, 1850; and Arnulph, born July 6, 1852. 2. Princess Adelgunda, born March 19, 1823; married March 30, 1842, to the Archduke of Austria-Este, late reigning Duke of Modena, Francisco V. 3. Princess Alexandra, born August 26, 1826. 4. Prince Adelbert, born July 19, 1828, Major-General in the Bavarian army; married August 25, 1856, to Princess Amalia, Infanta of Spain, born October 12, 1834. Issue of the marriage are two sons and one daughter, namely, Ludwig Ferdinand, born at Madrid, October 22, 1859; Alfonso, born January 24, 1862; and Isabella, born August 31, Great-Uncles and Great-Aunts of the King.-1. Empress Charlotte, born February 8, 1792; widow, since March 2, 1835, of the late Emperor Franz I. of Austria. 2. Prince Karl, born July 7, 1795, field-marshal in the Bavarian service; married, in 1808, to Mdlle. Bolley, who died in 1838; married, in second nuptials, May 11, 1859, to Mdlle. Henrietta von Frankenburg, who died April 20, 1866. 3. Queen Elisabeth, born November 13, 1801; widow, since Jan. 2, 1861, of the late King Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia. The Queen is twin-sister of 4. Queen Amalie, born November 13, 1801; married November 21, 1822, to King Johann of Saxony. 5. Princess Sophie, born January 27, 1805; married November 4, 1824, to Archduke Franz Karl of Austria. The princess is twin-sister of 6. Queen Marie, born January 27, 1805, widow of the late King Friedrich August of Saxony. 7. Princess Ludovica, born August 30, 1808; married, September 9, 1828, to Duke Maximilian in Bavaria. United with the Royal Family of Bavaria is the branch line of the Dukes in Bavaria, formerly Palatine princes of ZweibrückenBirkenfeld. The head of this house is Maximilian, Duke in Bavaria, born December 4, 1808, General of Cavalry in the Bavarian service; married September 9, 1828, to Princess Ludovica of Bavaria. Issue of the marriage are three sons and five daughters, namely, 1. Prince Ludwig, born June 21, 1831; married, in morganatic' union, May 28, 1857, to Henrietta von Wallersee. 2. Princess Helena, born April 4, 1834, married August 24, 1858, to Prince Maximilian of Thurn-und-Taxis. 3. Princess Elisabeth, born December 24, 1837, married April 24, 1854, to Franz Joseph I., Emperor of Austria. 4. Prince Karl Theodor, born August 9, 1839; married Feb. 11, 1865, to Princess Sophie of Saxony, who died March 9, 1867, of which union there is offspring a daughter, Amalie, born Dec. 24, 1865. 5. Princess Marie, born October 4, 1841, married February 3, 1859, to the heir-apparent of the Two Sicilies, Francisco of Bourbon. 6. Princess Mathilde, born September 30, 1843, married June 5, 1861, to Louis of Bourbon, Count di Trani. 7. Princess Sophie, born February 22, 1847; married September 28, 1868, to Prince Ferdinand of Orleans, second son of Duc de Nemours. 8. Prince Maximilian, born December 7, 1849. The members of the royal house of Bavaria are descendants, in the female line, of the ancient Counts of Wittelsbach, who flourished in the twelfth century. Duke Maximilian I. of Bavaria was elevated to the rank of Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, in the ThirtyYears' War, in recompense for his opposition to Protestantism; and Elector Maximilian Joseph was raised to the rank of king by Napoleon I. in 1805. The latter title was acknowledged by all the European Powers in 1815, at the Congress of Vienna. The large income of the sovereigns of Bavaria, from private domains, and other sources, has been extensively curtailed of late, under the constitutional government. The civil list of the king, and allowances to other members of the royal family, stands fixed at present at 2,985,799 florins, or 248,817., but it is stated that the actual revenue of the reigning house is of nearly twice the amount. Constitution and Government. The present Constitution of Bavaria dates from May 25, 1818; but various modifications were introduced in 1848-9. The Crown is hereditary in the male line. To the king belongs the sole executive power; but his ministers are responsible for all his acts. The legislative functions are exercised jointly by the king and Parliament, the latter consisting of an Upper and a Lower House. The Upper House-Chamber of Reichsräthe,' or councillors of the realm is formed of the princes of the royal family, the crown dignitaries, the archbishops, and the heads of certain old noble families, all these being hereditary members; to which are added a Roman Catholic bishop and a Protestant elergyman nominated by the king, and an unlimited number of other members appointed by the Crown. The Lower House, or Chamber of Representatives, consists of deputies of towns and universities, and various religious corporations. To be a deputy, it is necessary to be past thirty, and to be in possession of an assured income, from funds, a trade, or profession; to be on the electoral lists, it is required to be twenty-five years of age, and to be rated at a minimum of ten florins, or 16s. 8d. per annum. The representation of the country is calculated at the rate of one deputy to 7,000 families, or about 35,000 souls, of the whole population. The executive is carried on, in the name of the king, by a 'Staatsrath,' or Council of State, consisting of seven members, besides three princes of the blood-royal; and the Ministry of State, divided into seven departments, namely: 1. The Ministry of the Royal House and of Foreign Affairs.Prince Clovis von Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, born March 31, 1819; appointed Minister of the Royal House and of Foreign Affairs, Jan. 5, 1867. 2. The Ministry of Justice.-Dr. Lütz, formerly private secretary to the king, appointed September 15, 1867. 3. The Ministry of the Interior.-Winfried Harmann von Harbach, appointed March 30, 1868. 4. The Ministry of Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs.-Franz von Gresser, appointed August 1, 1866. 5. The Ministry of Finance.-Adolf von Pfretzscher, appointed July 1, 1866. 6. The Ministry of Commerce and Public Works.-Dr. Gustaf Schlör, appointed August 1, 1866. 7. The War Department.-General Baron Sigmund von Prankh, appointed August 1, 1866. Church and Education. Rather more than seven-tenths of the population of Bavaria are Roman Catholics. The population varied very little, as regards the proportion between Roman Catholics and Protestants, during_the last quarter of a century or more; but the number of Jews diminished considerably, and there was a slight decrease in the proportion of Anabaptists, and members of the Greek Church. According to a table annexed to the official Returns of the Census of Dec. 3, 1867, there were in the year 1840, to every 1,000 inhabitants, As regards ecclesiastical administration, the kingdom is divided into 2 Roman Catholic archbishoprics, those of Munich and Bamberg; 6 bishoprics; 171 deaneries; and 2,756 parishes. The Protestant Church is under a General Consistory-Ober-Consistorium '—and four provincial consistories. Of the three universities of the kingdom, two, at Munich and Würzburg, are Roman Catholic, and one, at Erlangen, Protestant. Among the Roman Catholics there is one clergyman to 464 souls; among the Protestants, one to 1,013. The Roman Catholic Church is richly endowed, possessing, according to semiofficial statements, property amounting to above 100 millions of florins, or 8,500,000l. A large proportion of this wealth consists of landed estates, which are annually increasing in value. The State, besides, pays 1,562,000 florins, or 130,000l., annually to the clergy. The Archbishop of Munich has a Government salary of 20,000 florins, or 1,6671., and the Archbishop of Würzburg, 15,000 florins, or 1,250l. Three of the bishops have an allowance of 10,000 florins, and the other three of 8,000, exclusive of episcopal residences. The Constitution guarantees complete religious liberty to all inhabitants of the State, and Protestants as well as other dissenters enjoy unrestricted freedom of worship, and are eligible to all civil offices and military appointments. In the year 1861 there were in the kingdom 7,126 schools, with 8,205 teachers. Elementary schools-'Volksschulen '-exist in all parishes, and attendance on them is compulsory for all children till the age of fourteen. Revenue and Expenditure. The actual public revenue and expenditure of Bavaria for the financial year ending September 30, 1866, were as follows: |