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to serve in the same, or men balloted, or in part of both. marine militia is made up of persons whose usual occupation is on sailing or steam craft navigating the waters of the Dominion. Volunteers have to serve for three years; and the regular and marine militia for two years. The period of drill for volunteer corps is 16 days, and for corps of regular militia not less than 8 nor more than 16 days in each year, for which half a dollar per day is paid to the men and one dollar to the officers of regular militia. But the men of any corps residing within two miles of the place appointed for drill may be ordered out at other times than when performing their annual drills, without receiving pay. All men serving in the militia must take the oath of allegiance to the sovereign of Great Britain and Ireland.

Official returns of September, 1869, give as follows the strength of the militia and volunteer corps of the Dominion of Canada :Ontario, 21,816; Quebec, 12,637; New Brunswick, 1,789; and Nova Scotia, 928-total, 37,170. The strength of the ' reserve militia' of the Dominion at the same date was as follows:-Ontario, 315,352; Quebec, 215,216; New Brunswick, 55,622; and Nova Scotia, 69,876-total, 656,066.

Under the Act of 1868 Canada is divided into nine military districts, four of which are formed by Ontario, three by Quebec, one by Nova Scotia, and one by New Brunswick. The Act orders that 40,000 active militiamen shall be drilled every year, and that the command of the whole force be vested in the Governor-General, who may call it to arms, wholly or in part, whenever he deems it necessary. The period of service in war is fixed at one year, to be extended, in case of emergency, by six months. Each military district is required to furnish its quota of the 40,000 men, but where volunteers are organised they will count either in full or in part for the quota, and where there are no volunteers, or not enough, a ballot is taken. The ballot takes place for three years, and in the balloting, the number of battalions required from counties and townships is furnished according to population. Sums are granted towards the education of officers. A school of military instruction is established in each province of the Dominion in connection with some regiment of the British forces, a certain number of whose officers and non-commissioned officers assist in the work of instruction, and are paid an allowance for the extra duties they have to perform. The Government defrays the expenses of travelling and maintenance of those who receive instruction.

The naval forces of Canada consisted, in 1869, of the following armed screw steamers, maintained on the great lakes and the river St. Lawrence, and furnished in part by the British Government, and in part by that of the Dominion.

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Besides the above, the Government of the Dominion owned the 'Daring' and the Druid,' two fast steamers, employed on coast service, not fitted with guns, but available as gunboats.-(Communication of the Dominion Government to the Statesman's Yearbook.)

Population.

The population of United Canada in the year 1800 was estimated at 240,000; in 1825 it amounted to 581,920; and in 1851 to 1,842,265. The area and population of the Dominion of Canada, according to the last census, taken in January 1861, are as follows:

The probable population of the Dominion, calculated on the basis of the registries of births and deaths, and the returns of immigration and emigration, is given as follows, for the month of each of the three years 1869 to 1871:

The origin of the population, at the census of Jan. 1861, was as follows:

The origin of the population of the provinces of Ontario and Quebec is thus stated in the census returns of 1861:

The population of Nova Scotia, at the census of 1861, consisted of 294,706 natives, 16,395 Scotch, 9,313 Irish, and 2,993 born Englishmen, the rest being immigrants from other countries. In New Brunswick, natives and aliens were in very nearly the sanie proportion.

Not included at present in the Dominion of Canada, but attracted towards the confederation, while forming part of the immense terri

tory known as British North America, are the colonies of Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, and British Columbia, with Vancouver Island-the last two united since November 19, 1866. Their estimated area, and population, according to the census of 1861, are as follows:

According to estimates of the year 1867, British North America had a total population of nearly four and a quarter millions, giving, on a territory of 619,361 English square miles, not quite seven individuals to the square mile.

The population of the principal cities of the Dominion and of British North America was as follows by the census of 1861 :—

By selection of the Crown, the city of Ottawa has been made the capital and seat of legislature of the Dominion of Canada and Confederate States of British North America.

Trade and Industry.

The trade of the Dominion of Canada is chiefly with the United States and Great Britain, the greater part of the imports being derived from Great Britain, but the greater part of the exports going to the United States. The following tabular statement gives

the total value of exports, the total values of imports and of imports entered for consumption in the Dominion of Canada, during the year ending June 30, 1868 :—

The countries with which this trade was carried on, together with the value of exports to and imports from them, are shown in the following table:

In consequence of the abrogation of the Reciprocity Treaty with the United States, there was a reduction in the imports from the latter country in the year ending June 30, 1868. Previous to 1862 Canada took from the United States an average of ten millions of goods; since then the average did not exceed half that amount. The reverse was the case with Great Britain, the imports of which were less than 16 millions in ten years previous to 1868.

The subjoined tabular statement exhibits the commercial intercourse of the North American Colonies with the United Kingdom,