Condition of the United States, dated Washington, December 31, 1868; in 'Reports of H. M.'s Secretaries of Embassy and Legation.' No. I. 1869. London, 1869.

Report by Mr. Archibald, British Consul, on the Trade, Navigation, and Commerce of New York, dated January 18, 1868; in Commercial Reports received at the Foreign Office.' 8. London, 1869.

Statistical Tables relating to Foreign Countries. Part XI. Fol. London,

1868.

2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.

Abbott (John S. C.), History of the Civil War in America. 2 vols. 8. New York, 1867.

Barbee (Dr. W. J.), The Cotton Question. The Production, Export, Manufacture, and Consumption of Cotton. 12. New York, 1867.

Benton (T. H.), History of the Working of the American Government for Thirty Years. 2 vols. 8. New York, 1861.

Bishop (J. Leander), History of American Manufactures from 1608 to 1860, exhibiting the Origin and Growth of the Principal Mechanic Arts and Manufactures from the earliest Colonial period to the adoption of the Constitution, and comprising Annals of the Industry of the United States in Machinery, Manufactures, and useful Arts. 2 vols. 8. Philadelphia, 1864.

Disturnell (J.), United States Register. 12. New York, 1869.

Goss (Rev. C. C.), Statistical History of the First Century of American Methodism, with a summary of the origin and present operations of other denominations. 16. New York, 1866.

Hock (Carl Freiherr v.), Die Finanzen und die Finanzgeschichte der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. 8. Stuttgart, 1867.

Homans (J. Smith), Banker's Magazine and Statistical Register. New York, 1869.

Lanman (Charles), Dictionary of the United States Congress, compiled as a Manual of Reference for the Legislator and Statesman. 8. Washington, 1869. Macpherson (E.), The Political History of the United States of America during the Great Rebellion from 1860 to 1864. 8. Washington, 1864.

Nast (Dr. Wilhelm), Der hundertjährige Bestand des Amerikanischen Methodismus. Cincinnati, 1866.

Raymond (Hon. Henry J.), The Life and State Papers of Abraham Lincoln, late President of the United States; including his Speeches, Addresses, Messages, Letters, and Proclamations. 8. New York, 1865.

Schoolcraft (Henry R.), Historical and Statistical Information respecting the History, Condition, and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United States. Collected and prepared under the direction of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. 6 vols. 4. Philadelphia, 1851-60.

United States Register and Blue-book for 1869. 8. New York, 1869.

Warner (Oliver), Statistical Information relating to certain Branches of Industry in Massachusetts, for the year ending May 1, 1865. Prepared from Official Returns. pp. 805. Boston, 1866.

Wedgwood (William B.), The Government and Laws of the United States. Comprising a complete and comprehensive view of the use, progress, and present organisation of the State and National Governments.

1866.

8. New York,

URUGUAY.

(REPUBLICA ORIENTAL DEL URUGUAY.)

Constitution and Government.

THE republic of Uruguay, formerly a Brazilian province, declared its independence, August 25, 1825, and was recognised by the Treaty of Montevideo, signed August 27, 1828. The constitution of the republic was proclaimed July 18, 1831. By the terms of this charter, the legislative power is in a Parliament composed of two Houses, the Senate and the Chamber of Representatives, which meet in annual session, extending from February 15 to the end of June. In the interval of the session, a permanent committee of two senators and five members of the Lower House assume the legislative power, as well as the general control of the administration.

The executive is given by the constitution to the President of the Republic, who is elected for the term of four years, and cannot be re-elected till after the lapse of four years. A vice-president, also elected for four years, is at the head of the senate, but has no other political power.

President of the Republic.-General Lorenzo Battle, born 1812; Minister of War under the government of General Flores, provisional President of Uruguay, 1866-68; elected President of the Republic after the assassination of General Flores, February 28,

1868.

The president is assisted in his executive functions by a council of ministers divided into four departments, namely, the 'ministerio de gobierno,' or ministry of the interior; the ministerio de relaciones exteriores,' or department of foreign affairs; the 'ministerio de hacienda,' or department of finance; and the 'ministerio de la guerra,' or department of army and navy.

Revenue, Army, and Population.

There have been no recent returns of public revenue and expenditure, owing to almost uninterrupted civil war. A budget extending over eighteen months, commencing July 1, 1860, and

ending December 31, 1861, estimates the receipts at 3,579,802 dollars, or 715,960l., and the expenditures at the same amount. The revenue of the financial year ending June 30, 1869, amounted, according to semi-official statements, to 5,281,776 dollars, or 1,123,7821.

The public debt, in February 1862, amounted to 20,000,000 dollars, or 4,000,000%, not including a debt to England of 50,000l. sterling. The consolidated debt amounted in 1862 to 4,500,000 dollars, or 900,000l. at 6 per cent. Other claims against Uruguay to the amount of 6,000,000 dollars, acknowledged,. but not definitively settled, also exist. The Government issued, in 1863, 2,500,000 dollars additional Government obligations to cover the expenses of the intestine war then raging.

The army of Uruguay was composed as follows in 1864 :

Garrison of the capital.

Garrisons in the provinces
National guard

Number of Men.

1,300

1,500

20,000

According to newspaper reports the army was considerably increased in the spring of 1865, when Uruguay entered into an alliance with Brazil and the Argentine Republic, and declared war against Paraguay. The army which actually took the field was stated to number 3,500 men.

The area of Uruguay is estimated at 73,538 square miles, with a population, according to the census of 1860, of 240,965, or little more than three inhabitants per square mile. Other statements, of more recent date, report the numbers of the population to be 470,000. The country is divided into 13 provinces. The capital, Montevideo, had, according to an enumeration of the year 1862, a population of 45,765, of whom about one-half were foreigners. There is a steadily increasing flow of immigration, the number in 1868 exceeding 29,000. Fully one-half of the immigrants are Italians.

Trade and Industry.

and

Uruguay carries on a very active commerce with foreign countries, greatly developed in recent years. In the year 1862 the exports were of the value of 8,804,443' dollars, or 1,760,8891., in 1866 they had risen to 13,238,000 dollars, or 2,647,600l. The imports, which were of the declared value of 8,151,802 dollars, or 1,630 3607. in 1862, rose to 15,330,000 dollars, or 3,066,000l., in 1866, and to 16,102,474 dollars, or 3,421,775l., in 1868. Nearly the whole of the exports and imports of the republic pass through

Montevideo, the capital, at the mouth of the Rio de la Plata. The following table shows the value of the exports from Montevideo, and their destination, in each of the years 1864-66 :—

The exports shipped at Montevideo during the year 1868 amounted in value to 12,139,720 dollars, or 2,579,2731. The exports in 1868 consisted chiefly of salted hides, tallow, cows' and mares' grease, bones and bone ash, wool, and sheep-skins. There was a considerable export, amounting to about 50,000 lb. a month, of extract or essence of meat prepared on Liebig's system.

The commercial intercourse of Uruguay with the United Kingdom is exhibited in the following tabular statement which shows the value of the exports from Uruguay to Great Britain and Ireland, and of the imports of British and Irish produce and manufactures into Uruguay in each of the five years 1864 to 1868 :—

The chief articles of export from Uruguay to the United Kingdom are tallow and hides, the first of the value of 375,5107. and the last of 508,8497., in 1868. The British imports into Uruguay consist chiefly of manufactured cotton and woollen goods, the former of the value of 265,3117. and the latter of 123,5127., in the year 1868.

The rearing of cattle and other agricultural pursuits form the sole industry of the inhabitants. Commerce, foreign as well as internal, is chiefly in the hands of foreigners.

Money, Weights, and Measures.

The money, weights, and measures of Uruguay, and the British equivalents, are :—

The money, weights, and measures of the Brazilian empire are also in general use.

Statistical and other Books of Reference concerning Uruguay.

1. OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.

Report of Mr. J. D. Long, U.S. Consul at Montevideo, on the Trade and Industry of Uruguay, dated Dec. 31, 1867; in Commercial Relations of the United States with Foreign Nations.' 8. Washington, 1868.

Statistical Tables relating to Foreign Countries. Part XI. Fol. London, 1868.

Annual Statement of the Trade and Navigation of the United Kingdom with Foreign Countries and British Possessions. 4. London, 1869.

2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.

Maria (Isid. de) Compendio de la historia de la Républica Oriental del Uruguay. 8. Montevideo, 1864.

République Orientale de l'Uruguay. Notice historique. 8. Paris, 1867. Reyes (M.), Descripcion geografica del territorio de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay. 8. Montevideo, 1859.

Sommer-Geiser (H.), Lebensbilder aus dem Staat Uruguay. 8. Basel, 1861. The Republic of Uruguay, or Montevideo: geographical, social, and political. 8. London, 1861.

Woych (F.), Mittheilungen über das sociale und kirchliche Leben in Uruguay. 8. Berlin, 1865.