BOOK III.

CHAPTER I.

INCIDENT IN MODERN HISTORY.

As a wonder-loving and wonder-seeking man, Teufelsdröckh, from an early part of this Clothes-Volume, has more and more exhibited himself. Striking it was, amid all his perverse cloudiness, with what force of vision and of heart he pierced into the mystery of the World; recognising in the highest sensible phenomena, so far as Sense went, only fresh or faded Raiment; yet ever, under this, a celestial Essence thereby rendered visible : and while, on the one hand, he trod the old rags of Matter, with their tinsels, into the mire, he on the other everywhere exalted Spirit above all earthly principalities and powers, and worshipped it, though under the meanest shapes, with a true Platonic Mysticism. What the man ultimately purposed by thus casting his Greek-fire into the general Wardrobe of the Universe; what such, more or less complete, rending and burning of Garments throughout the whole compass of Civilised Life and Speculation, should lead to; the rather as he was no Adamite, in any sense, and could not, like Rousseau, recommend either bodily or intellectual Nudity, and a

return to the savage state: all this our readers are now bent to discover; this is, in fact, properly the gist and purport of Professor Teufelsdrückh's Philosophy of Clothes.

Be it remembered, however, that such purport is here not so much evolved as detected to lie ready for evolving. We are to guide our British Friends into the new Goldcountry, and shew them the mines; nowise to 'dig out and exhaust its wealth, which indeed remains for all time inexhaustible. Once there, let each dig for his own behoof, and enrich himself.

Neither, in so capricious inexpressible. a Work as this of the Professor's, can our course now more than formerly be straightforward, step by step, but at best leap by leap. Significant Indications stand out here and there; which for the critical eye, that looks both widely and narrowly, shape themselves into some ground-scheme of a Whole to select these with judgment, so that a leap from one to the other be possible, and (in our old figure) by chaining them together, a passable Bridge be effected this as heretofore continues our only method. Among such light-spots, the following, floating in much wild matter about Perfectibility, has seemed worth clutching at:

Perhaps the most remarkable incident in Modern History,' says Teufelsdröckh, is not the Diet of Worms, still less the Battle of Austerlitz, Waterloo, 'Peterloo, or any other Battle; but an incident passed carelessly over by most Historians, and treated with some degree of ridicule by others: namely, George 'Fox's making to himself a Suit of Leather. This man, 'the first of the Quakers, and by trade a Shoemaker,

was one of those, to whom, under ruder or purer form, 'the Divine Idea of the Universe is pleased to manifest itself; and, across all the hulls of Ignorance and earthly Degradation, shine through, in unspeakable Awfulness, unspeakable Beauty, on their souls: who therefore are rightly accounted Prophets, God-possessed; or even 'Gods, as in some periods it has chanced. Sitting in his stall; working on tanned hides, amid pincers, pastehorns, rosin, swine-bristles, and a nameless flood of rubbish, this youth had nevertheless a Living Spirit belonging to him; also an antique Inspired Volume, through which, as through a window, it could look upwards, and discern its celestial Home. The task of a daily pair of shoes, coupled even with some prospect of victuals, and an honourable Mastership in Cord'wainery, and perhaps the post of Thirdborough in his Hundred, as the crown of long faithful sewing,—was nowise satisfaction enough to such a mind: but ever ' amid the boring and hammering came tones from that 'far country, came Splendours and Terrors; for this poor Cordwainer, as we said, was a Man; and the 'Temple of Immensity, wherein as Man he had been sent to minister, was full of holy mystery to him.

The Clergy of the neighbourhood, the ordained 'Watchers and Interpreters of that same holy mystery, 'listened with unaffected tedium to his consultations, ' and advised him, as the solution of such doubts, to "" drink beer, and dance with the girls." Blind leaders ' of the blind! For what end were their tithes levied ' and eaten; for what were their shovel-hats scooped out, and their surplices and cassock-aprons girt on; and 'such a church-repairing, and chaffering, and organing,

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and other racketting, held over that spot of God's Earth,-if Man were but a Patent Digester, and the 'Belly with its adjuncts the grand Reality? Fox turned 'from them, with tears and a sacred scorn, back to his 'Leather-parings and his Bible. Mountains of encum'brance, higher than Ætna, had been heaped over that 'Spirit: but it was a Spirit, and would not lie buried 'there. Through long days and nights of silent agony, ' it struggled and wrestled, with a man's force, to be 'free: how its prison-mountains heaved and swayed ' tumultuously, as the giant spirit shook them to this ́ hand and that, and emerged into the light of Heaven! 'That Leicester shoe-shop, had men known it, was a 'holier place than any Vatican or Loretto-shrine."So bandaged, and hampered, and hemmed in," groaned he, "with thousand requisitions, obligations, straps, tatters, and tagrags, I can neither see nor move: not my own am I, but the World's; and Time flies fast, ' and Heaven is high, and Hell is deep: Man! bethink thee, if thou hast power of Thought! Why not; 'what binds me here? Want! Want!-Ha, of what? Will all the shoe-wages under the Moon ferry me across into that far Land of Light? Only Meditation can, ' and devout Prayer to God. I will to the woods: the 'hollow of a tree will lodge me, wild berries feed me; and for Clothes, cannot I stitch myself one perennial 'Suit of Leather!"

Historical Oil-painting,' continues Teufelsdröckh, ' is one of the Arts I never practised; therefore shall I 'not decide whether this subject were easy of execution on the canvass. Yet often has it seemed to me as if ⚫ such first outflashing of man's Freewill, to lighten, more

and more into Day, the Chaotic Night that threatened to engulf him in its hinderances and its horrors, were properly the only grandeur there is in History. Let * some living Angelo or Rosa, with seeing eye and understanding heart, picture George Fox on that morning, when he spreads out his cutting-board for the last time, and cuts cow-hides by unwonted patterns, and stitches them together into one continuous all-including Case, the farewell service of his awl! Stitch away, thou noble Fox: every prick of that little instrument is pricking ! into the heart of Slavery, and World-worship, and the Mammon-god. Thy elbows jerk, as in strong swimmerstrokes, and every stroke is bearing thee across the • Prison-ditch, within which Vanity holds her Workhouse and Rag-fair, into lands of true Liberty; were the work done, there is in broad Europe one Free Man, and thou art he!

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'Thus from the lowest depth there is a path to the loftiest height: and for the Poor also a Gospel has been published. Surely, if, as D'Alembert asserts, my illustrious namesake, Diogenes, was the greatest man of Antiquity, only that he wanted Decency, then by stronger reason is George Fox the greatest of the Mo ́derns; and greater than Diogenes himself: for he too * stands on the adamantine basis of his Manhood, casting aside all props and shoars; yet not, in half-savage ‹ Pride, undervaluing the Earth; valuing it rather, as a place to yield him warmth and food, he looks Heaven'ward from his Earth, and dwells in an element of Mercy and Worship, with a still Strength, such as the Cynic's Tub did nowise witness. Great, truly, was that Tub; a temple from which man's dignity and divinity