attend him, from holding any Correspondence with Men. We almost every where, (a) in the Greek and (b) Latin Historians, meet with the savage Life of the Giants, mentioned by Moses. And it is very remarkable concerning the Deluge, that the Memory of almost all Nations ends in the History of it, even those Nations which were unknown till our Forefathers discovered them: (c) So that Varro calls all that the unknown Time. And all those Things which we read in the Poets, wrapped up in Fables (a Liberty they

to the Sun. The Name of Angels is used, when they treated of this Matter, not only by the Greek Interpreters of the Old Testament, but also by Labeus, Aristides, Porphyry, Jamblicus, Chalcidius, and by Hostanes, who was older than any of them, quoted by Minutius: The forementioned Chalcidius relates an Assertion of Heraclitus, That such as deserved it, were forewarned by the Instruction of the Divine Powers.

(a) In the Greek, &c.] Homer, Iliad IX. and Hesiod in his Labours. To this may be referred the Wars of the Gods, mentioned by Plato in his Second Republic; and those distinct and separate Governments taken Notice of by the same Plato, in his Third Book of Laws.

(b) Latin Historians, &c.] See the First Book of Ovid's Metamorphoses, and the Fourth Book of Lucan, and Seneca's Third Book of Natural Questions, Quest. 30. where he says concerning the Deluge, "That the Beasts also perished, into "whose Nature Men were degenerated."

(c) So that Varro calls, &c.] Thus Censorinus: “Now I come to treat of that Space of Time which Varro calls "Historical. For he makes three Distinctions of Time: "The first from the Creation of Man to the first Flood, which, "because we are ignorant of it, is called the Unknown. The "second, from the first Flood to the first Olympiad; which "is called the Fabulous, because of the many fabulous Sto"ries related in it. The third, from the first Olympiad to our Time, which is called the Historical, because the "Things done in it are related in a true History." The Time which Varro calls unknown, the Hebrew Rabbins call void. Philo in his Book of the Eternity of the World, remarks, that the shells found on the Mountains, are a Sign of the Universal Deluge.

allow

allow themselves) are delivered by the antient Writers according to Truth and Reality; that is, agreeable to Moses; as you may see in Berosus's (a) History of Chaldea, (b) Abydenus's of Assyria,

(a) Berosus's History, &c.] Concerning whom Josephus says thus, in his First Book against Appion: "This Berosus following the most antient writings, relates in the same "Manner as Moses, the History of the Flood, the Destruction "of Mankind, the Ark or Chest in which Noah, the Father "of Mankind was preserved, by its resting on the Top of the "Mountains of Armenia." After having related the History of the Deluge, Berosus adds these Words, which we find in the same Josephus, Book I. and Chap. 4. of his Antient History: "It is reported that Part of the Ship now remains in Armenia; on the Gordywan Mountains, and that some bring Pitch from "thence, which they use for a Charm."

(b) Abydenus's of Assyria, &c.] Eusebius has preserved the place in the Ninth Book of his Preparat. Chap. 12. and Cyril in his First Book against Julian. "After whom reigned

66

many others, and then Sisithrus, to whom Saturn signified “ there should be an Abundance of Rain on the fifteenth Day "of the Month Desus, and commanded him to lay up all his Writings in Heliopolis, a City of the Sipparians; which "when Sisithrus had done, he sailed immediately into Arme"nia, and found it true as the God had declared to him. "On the third Day after the Waters abated, he sent out Birds "to try if the Water was gone off any Part of the Earth; "but they finding a vast Sea, and having no where to rest, returned back to Sisithrus: In the same Manner did others: "And again the third Time (when their Wings were daubed over with Mud). Then the Gods took him from among Men; and the Ship came into Armenia, the Wood of which "the People there use for a Charm." Sisithrus and Ogyges, and Deucalion, are all Names signifying the same Thing in other Languages, as Noah does in the Hebrew, in which Moses wrote; who so expressed proper Names, that the Hebrews might understand the Meaning of them: For Instance, Alexander the Historian, writing Isaac in Greek, calls him Tiara, Laughter, as we learn from Eusebius: and many such like, we meet with among the Historians; as Philo concerning Rewards and Punishments "The Greeks call him Deucalion, "the Chaldeans, Noach, in whose Time the great Flood hap÷ "" pened." It is the Tradition of the Egyptians, as Diodorus testifies in his First Book, that the universal Deluge was that of Deucalion. Pliny says it reached as far as Ituly, Book III.

Chap.

Assyria, (a) who mentions the Dove that was sent out of the Ark; and in Plutarch from the Greeks; and

"

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Chap. 14. But to return to the Translation of Names into other Languages, there is a remarkable Place in Plato's Critias concerning it: " Upon the Entrance of this Discourse, "it may be necessary (says he) to premise the Reason, lest you be surprised when you hear the Names of Barbarians "in Greek. When Solon put this Relation into Verse, he in"quired into the Signification of the Names, and found that "the first Egyptians, who wrote of these Matters, translated "them into their own Language; and he likewise searching " out their true Meaning, turned them into our Language.' The Words of Abydenus agree with those of Alexander the Historian, which Cyril has preserved in his forementioned First Book against Julian: "After the death of Otiartes, "bis Son Xisuthrus reigned eighteen Years; in whose Time, 66 they say, the great Deluge was. It is reported that Xisuthrus was preserved by Saturn's foretelling him what was "to come; and that it was convenient for him to build an "Ark, that Birds and creeping Things, and Beasts might "sail with him in it." The Most High God is named by the Assyrians, and other Nations, from that particular Star of the Seven (to use Tacitus's Words) by which Mankind are governed, which is moved in the highest Orb, and with the greatest Force : Or certainly the Syriac Word, be ll, which signifies God, was therefore translated Kpov, Kronos, by the Greek Interpreters, because he was called by the Syrians. Philo Biblius, the Interpreter of Sanchuniathon, hath these Words: Illus, who is called Saturn. He is quoted by Eusebius: In whom it immediately follows from the same Philo, That Kronos was the same the Phœnicians call Israel; but the Mistake was in the Transcriber, who put Iapani, for n l, which many Times amongst the Greek Christians is the Contraction of Irpana; whereas a is, as we have observed, what the Syrians call be Il, and the Hebrew sx El. (lt ought not to be overlooked, that in this History Deucalion, who was the same Person as Noah, is called av uppes, that is, ADN UN a Man of the Earth, that is, a Husband-man. See my Notes upon Gen. ix. 20. Le Clerc.)

(a) Who mentions the Dove, &c.] In his Book where he inquires which have most Cunning, Water or Land Animals. 66 They say Deucalion's Dove, which he sent out of the Ark, discovered, at its Return, that the Storms were abated, and the Heavens, clear." It is to be observed, both in this Place of Plutarch's, and in that of Alexander the

46

our

(a) and in Lucian, who says, that in Hierapolis of Syria, there was remaining a most antient History of the Ark, and of the preserving a few not only of Mankind, but also of other living Creatures. The

Historian, as well as in the Book of Nicolaus Damascenus, and the Writers made use of by Theophilus Antiochenus in his Third Book, that the Greek Word apvaž Larnax, answers to the He brew Word nan Tebah, and so Josephus translates it.

rr

(a) And in Lucian, &c.] In his Book concerning the Goddess of Syria, where having begun to treat of the very antient Temple of Hierapolis, he adds: "They say this Temple was founded by Deucalion the Scythian, that Deucalion, in "whose Days the Flood of Water happened. I have heard "in Greece the Story of this Deucalion from the Greeks them"selves, which is thus: The present Generation of Men is "not the original one, for all that Generation perished; and "the Men which now are, came from a second Stock, the "whole Multitude of them descending from Deucalion. Now, concerning the first Race of Men, they relate thus: They were very obstinate, and did very wicked Things; and had no Regard to Oaths, had no Hospitality or Charity in them; upon which Account many Calamities befel them. For, "on a sudden, the Earth sent forth Abundance of Water, great Showers of Rain fell, the Rivers overflowed exceedingly, and the Sea overspread the Earth, so that all was "turned into Water, and every Man perished; Deucalion was only saved alive, to raise up another Generation, because of his Prudence and Piety. And he was preserved in this Manner: He and his Wives, and his Children, en"tered into a large Ark, which he had prepared; and after *them went in Bears, and Horses, and Lions, and Serpents, "and all other Kinds of living Creatures, that feed upon the "Earth, two and two; he received them all in; neither did "they hurt him, but were very familiar with him, by a di"vine Influence. Thus they sailed in the same Ark, as "long as the Water remained on the Earth: This is the Ac"count the Greeks give of Deucalion. Now concerning what "happened afterwards: There was a strange Story related by the Inhabitants of Hierapolis, of a great Hole in the Earth, in that country, which received all the Water; after "which, Deucalion built an Altar, and reared a Temple to "Juno over the Hole; I saw the Hole myself; it is but a "small one, under the Temple, whether it was larger for"merly, I know not; I am sure this which I saw, was but "small. To preserve this Story, they performed this Ceremony: Twice every Year Water is brought from the Sea into

"the

The same History was extant also (a) in Molo and in (b) Nicolaus Damascenus; which latter names the Ark, which we also find in the History of Deucalion in Apollodorus: And many Spaniards affirm, that in several (c) Parts of America, as Cuba, Mechoacana, Nicaraga, is preserved the Memory of the Deluge, the saving alive of Animals, especially the Raven and Dove; and the Deluge itself in that Part called Golden Castile. (d) That Remark of

"the Temple; and not only the Priests, but all the People of Syria and Arabia fetch it; many go, even from the River Euphrates as far as the Sea to fetch Water, which they pour " out in the Temple, and it goes into the Hole, which, though "it be but small, holds a vast Quantity of Water: When they do this, they say it was Rite instituted by Deucalion, in Memory of that Calamity, and his Preservation. This is "the ancient Story of this Temple."

τε

(a) In Molo, &c.] Eusebius relates his Words in his Ninth Book of the Gospel Preparation, Chap. 19. "At the Deluge, "the Man and his Children that escaped, came out of Armenia, being driven from his own Country by the Inhabi"tants, and having passed through the Country between, "went into the mountainous Parts of Syria, which was then "uninhabited."

(b) Nicolaus Damascenus, &c.] Josephus gives us his Words out of the Ninety-sixth Book of his Universal History, in the fore-cited Place: "There is above the City Minyas, (which "Strabo and Pliny call Milyas,) a huge Mountain in Armenia, "called Batis, on which they say a great many were saved "from the Flood, particularly One, who was carried to the Top of it by an Ark; the Reliques of the Wood of which was preserved a great while: I believe it was the same Man that Moses the Lawgiver of the Jews mentions in his His"tory." To these Writers we may add Jerom the Egyptian, who wrote the Affairs of Phanicia and Mnaseus, mentioned by Josephus. And perhaps Eupolemus, which Eusebius quotes out of Alexander the Historian, in his Gospel Preparation, Book IX. Chap. 17.

(e) Parts of America, &c.] See Josephus Acosta, and An

tonius Herrera.

(d) That Remark of Pliny's, &c.] Book V. Chap. 13. Mela and Salimus agree with Pliny. Compare it with that which we bave quoted out of Abydenus.