1 Pliny's, that Joppa was built before the Flood, discovers what Part of the Earth Men inhabited before the Flood. The Place where the Ark rested after the Deluge (a) on the Gordyaan Mountains, is evident from the constant Tradition of the Armenians from all past Ages, down (b) to this very Day. (c) Japhet, the Father of the Europeans, and from him, Jon, or, as they formerly pronounced it, (d) Javon of the Greeks, and Hammon (a) On the Gordyæan Mountains, &c.] Which Moses calls Ararath, the Chaldæan Interpreters translated it Kardu; Josephus Gordivan; Cortius, Cordaan; Strabo writes it Gordiaan, Book XVII. and Pliny, Book VI. and Ptolemæus. (These, and what follows in relation to the sacred Geography and the Founders of Nations, since these of Grotius were published, are with great Pains and much more Accuracy searched into by Sam. Bochart, in his Sacred Geography, which add Weight to Grotius's Arguments. Le Clerc.) (b) To this very Day, &c.] Theophilus Antiochenus says, in his Third Book, that the Reliques of the Ark were shewn in his Time. And Epiphanius against the Nazarites; "The "Reliques of Noah's Ark are shewn at this Time, in the Religion of the Cordicans:" And Chrysostom, in his Oration of Perfect Love: and Isidore, Book XIV. Chap. 8. of his Antiquities: "Ararath, a Mountain in Armenia, on which Histo"ries testify the Ark rested; where at this Day are to be seen some Marks of the Wood." We may add the Words of Haiton Armenian, Chap. 19. "There is a Mountain in Ar"menia, higher than any other in the whole World, which is commonly called Ararath, on the Top of which Mountain "the Ark first rested after the Deluge." See the Nubian Geographer, and Benjamin's Itinerary. (c) Japhet, &c.] It is the very same Word no Japheth; for the very same Letter is by some pronounced like a p, by others 4 ph; and the like Difference is now preserved among the Germans and Dutch. Jerom upon Daniel has observed this of the Hebrew Letter. (d) Javon, &c.] For ios iuones is often found amongst the ancient Writers. The Persian in Aristophanes's Play, called Acharnenses, pronounces it laóvar iaonan. Now it was a very ancient Custom to put a Digamma between two Vowels, which afterwards began to be wrote by a V, formerly thus (a) Hammon of the Africans, are Names to be seen in Moses, (b) and Josephus and others observe the like Footsteps ་ thus F. In like Manner that which was vs anos, is now ως aos, and ήώς eos, τανως tanos, ταώς taos, a Peacock; τις "Elawras xúλ8ow lauvas, the Greeks are called iaunas. Suidas. (a) Hammon, &c.] For the Greeks sometimes render the Hebrew Lettern Cheth by an Aspirate, and sometimes omit it; as - Chatzarmuth, 'Adpápur Adramyttos, or 'AdpéUTT, Hadramyttos; non Chachmoth, axol Achmuth in Irenæus, and others: an Chabra, a Companion, by the ancient Greeks apa abra; 'n Chojah, aiwv aion, an Age. Hanno or Anno; by Hannibal or Annibal, yn Hasdrubal or Asdrubal; ➡wn Cashim; άžstαı axoumitai, w, on is a Greek ending. This Person is transformed not only by the Libyans, but also by many other Nations, into the Star Jupiter, as a God. Lucan, Book IX. Jupiter Ammon is the only God Amongst the happy Arabs, and amongst n And the sacred Scripture puts Egypt amongst them. Psalm Ixxvii. 51. cv. 23. 27. cvi. 22. Jerom, in his Hebrew Traditions on Genesis, has these Words, "From whom, Egypt, at "this very Day, is called the Country of Ham, in the Egyp"tian Language." (b) And Josephus and others, &c.] He says, Touapsi Gomareis the Galatians, is derived from a Gomar, where Pliny's Town Comara is. The People of Comara we find in the First Book of Mela. The Scythians are derived from aan Magog, by whom the City Scythopolis in Syria was built, and the other City Magog; Pliny, Book V. Chap. 23. which is called by others Hierapolis and Bambyce. It is evident that the Medes are derived from ' Medi; and as we have already observed, Javones, Jaones, Jones, from 1 Javen. Josephus says, the Iberians in Asia come from ban Thebal, in the Neighbourhood of whom Ptolemy places the City of Thabal, as preserv ing the Marks of its ancient Original. The City Mazaca, mentioned by him, comes from Two Masach, which we find in Strabo, Book XII. and in Pliny, Book VI. 3. and in Ammeanus Marcellinus, Book XX. Add to this the Moschi, mentioned by Strabo, Book XI. and in the First and Third Book of Mela, whom Pliny calls Moschini, Book VI. Chap. 9. and we find in them and Pliny, the Moschiean Mountains. Josephus and others agree, that the Thracians were derived from תירס Footsteps in the Names of other Places and Na tions. on Tiras, and the Word itself shews it; especially if we observe, that the Greek Letter & r at first answered to the Syriac Letters, as the place of it shews. Concerning those that are derived from piss Aschanaz, the Place is corrupt in Josephus; but without Doubt Ascania, a Part of Phrygia and Mysia, mentioned in Homer, comes from thence; concerning which see Strabo, Book XII. and Pliny, Book V. Chap. 32. The Ascanian Lake, and the River flowing from it, we find in Strabo, Book XIV. and in Pliny's forecited Fifth Book, Chap. 32. The Ascanian Harbour is in Pliny, Book V. Chap. 30, and the Ascanian Islands also, Book IV. Chap. 12. and Book V. Chap. 31. Josephus says, the Paphlagonians are derived from Ripath, by some called Riphataans, were Mela in his First Book puts the Riphacians. The same Josephus tells us, that the au aioleis comes from nws Alishah; and the Jerusalem Paraphrast agrees with him, in naming the Greeks Eolians, putting the Part for the Whole; nor is it much unlike Hella the Name of the Country. The same Josephus also says. that the Cilicians are derived from wwn Tarshish, and proves it from the City Tarsus; for it happens in many Places, that the Names of the People are derived from the Names of Cities. We have before hinted, that KITTIO Kittion, is derived from 'n Chitim. The Ethiopians are called Chuseans by themselves, and their Neighbours, from w Chush, now; as Josephus observed they were in his Time; from whence there is a River so called by Ptolemy; and in the Arabian Geographer, there are two Cities which retain the same Name. So likewise Mirap in Philo Biblius, is derived from Mitzraim; those which the Greeks call Egyptians, being called by themselves and their Neighbours Mesori, and the Name of one of their Months is Mirip, Mesiri. Cedrenus calls the Country itself Mérpa, and Josephus rightly conjectures, that the river of Mauritania is derived from a Phut, Pliny mentions the same River, Book V. Chap. 1. "Phut, " and the neighbouring Phutensian Country, is so called to "this Day." Jerom in his Hebrew Traditions on Genesis, says, it is not far from Fesa, the Name remaining even now. The Chenaan in Moses, is contracted by Sanchuniathon, and from him by Philo Biblius, into Xã Chna, you will find it in Eusebius's Preparation, Book I. Chap. 10. and the Country is called so. Stephanus of Cities, says, Chna was so called by the Phænicians. And St. Austin in his Book of Expositions on the Epistles to the Romans, says, in his Time, if the Country People that lived at Hippo were asked who they were, they answered, Canaanites. And in that place of Eupolemus, cited by tions. And which of the Poets is it, in which we do by Eusebius, Prepar. IX. 17. the Canaanites are call Mestraimites. - Ptolemy's Regima in Arabia Felix, is derived from Raamah, by changing into y g, as in Gomorrha and other Words. Josephus deduces the Sabins, from sad Saba, a known Nation, whose chief City Strabo says, Book XVI. was Saba, where Josephus places the Sabateni, from лna Sabatah; there Pliny places the City Sobotale, Book VI. Chap. 28. The Word 'an Lehabim, is not much different from the Name of the Lybians; nor the Word na Nephathim from Nepata, a City of Ethiopia, mentioned by Pliny, Book VI. Chap. 29. Nor Ptolemy's Nepata, or the Pharusi in Pliny, Book V. Ch. 8. from 'DY Phatstrasim, the same as Ptole my's Phaurusians in Ethiopia. The City Sidon, famous in all Poets and Historians, comes from 178 Tzidon. And Ptolemy's Town Gorosa, from wara Gergashi: And Arca, a City of the Phanicians, mentioned by Ptolemy and Pliny, Book V. Ch. 18. from ppArki. AndAradus, an Island mentioned in Strabo, Book XVI. and Pliny, Book V. Chap. 20. and Ptolemy in Syria from Arodi; and Amachus of Arabia mentioned by Herodotus In his Euterpe and Thalia, from 'n Hamathi; and the Elymites, Neighbours to the Medes, from by Eelim, mentioned by Strabo, Book XVI. Pliny, Book V. Ch. 26, and Livy, Book XXXVII. Their Descendants in Phyrgia are called Elymites by Athenæus, Book IV. Every one knows, that the Assyrians are derived from ws Ashur, as the Lydians are from Lud; from whence comes the Latin Word Ludi. Those which by the Greeks are called Syrians, from the City Tzur, are called Aramites to this Day from □ Aram: For y tz is sometimes translated t, and sometimes a s; whence the City 1 Tzur, which the Greeks call Tyre; is by Ennius called Sarra, and by others Sina and Tina. Strubo, Book XVI. towards the End: "The Poet mentions the Arimites, whom Possidonius would have us to understand, not to be any Part of Syria, or Cilicia, or any other Country, but Syria it"self." And again, Book XIII. "Some mean Syrians by "Arimites, whom they now call Aramites." And in the First Book: " For those we call Syrians, are by themselves "called Aramites." The Country Ausanitis, mentioned by the Seventy in Job, is derived from pn Hutz. Aristaus calls it Austias. And the City Cholla, placed by Ptolemy in Syria, from Chol; and the City Gindarus in Ptolemy, from Geher; and the Gindaren People in Pliny, Book V. Chap. 23. in Calia-Syriæ. And the Mountains Masias, not far from Nisibus, mentioned by Strabo, Book XI. and Ptolemy, in Mesopotamia, is derived from wn Mash. The Names inp Jok tan do not find Mention made of (a) the Attempt to climb tan, and in Hatzoramuth, and thn Holan, are represented by the Arabian Geographers, under the Names of Balsatjaktan, Hadramuth, and Chaulan; as the learned Capell observes. The River Ophur; and the People called Opharites, near Muotis, Pliny, Book VI. 7. if I mistake not, retain the Name DI Ophar; and those Cities, which Moses mentions in this Place, appear to be the most ancient, by comparing of Authors. Every one knows from whence Babylon is derived. 778 Arach in Aracca, placed by Ptolemy, in Susiana; from whence come the Aracean Fields in Tibullus, as the famous Salmasius, a Man of vast reading, observes. Acabene, a Corruption of Acadene, is derived from 8 Achad, as is proba bly conjectured by Franciscus Junius, a diligent Interpreter of Scripture, who has observed many of those Things we have been speaking of, na Chalnah is the Town of Caunisus on the River Euphrates, whose Name Ammianus tells us, in his Twenty-third Book, continued to his Time. The Land Senaar, is the Babylonian Senaas, in Hæstiæus Milesius, which Place Josephus has preserved in his Ancient History, Book I. Ch. 7. and in his Chronicon; as has Eusebius in his Preparation. He wrote the Affairs of Phænicia; whom also Stephens had read. Again being changed into y g, Ptolemy, from hence calls the Mountain Singarus in Mesopotamia. And Pliny mentions the Town Singara, Book V. Ch. 24. and hence the Singaranean Country in Sextus Rufus, m♪♪ Nineveh is undoubtedly the Ninos of the Greeks contracted; thus in Sardanapalus's Epitaph: I who great Ninus rul'd am now but Dust. The same we find in Theognis and Strabo, Book XVI. and Pliny, Book XI. Chap. 13. whose Words are these. "Ninus was built upon the River Tigris, towards the West, a beau"tiful City to behold." Lacan, Book III. "Happy Ninus, "as Fame goes." The Country Calachena has its Name from the principal City nb Chalu: Strabo, Book XI. and afterwards, in the Beginning of Book XVI. ¡or Resin is Rcsaina in Ammianus, Book XXIII. Sidon every one knows. Azzah, is without Doubt rendered Gaza in Palestine, by changing, as before, the Letter y into y g: It is mentioned by Strabo, Book XVI. and Mela, Book I. who calls it a large and well fortified Town; and Pliny, Book XV. Ch. 13. and Book VI. Chap. 28. and elsewhere. DD Sophirah, is Heliopolis, a City of the Sipparians, in that Place of Abydenus, now quoted. Sippara is by Ptolemy placed in Mesopotamia. Ur is the Castle Ur, mentioned by Ammianus, Book XXV. 171 Caran is Carra, famous for the slaughter of the Crassi. (a) The Attempt to climb the Heavens, &c.] See Homer, Odys. 30. and Ovid's Metamorphoses, Book I. The |