ought to be included in what is taught by the school. In physics, for instance, how could the steamengine be so well understood as by its presence in the workshop, and the analysis of its parts and powers explained in motion? How could picture-making, by the aid of a sunbeam, be so easily learned as from the camera of an actual operator; or the wonderful results of electricity, as when worked out by instruments intended for the illustration of these phenomena ? It becomes evident by such examples that science is not the exclusive monopoly of the learned, but that it belongs to every nian, woman, and child who passes through the public schools, and that it is as much a part of art and industry as of philosophy and physic. Having mentioned the city and guilds of London Institute, I again advert to it as probably the most complete scheme of technical education that has been devised. It originated with the guilds or trades of the metropolis; and their principal object is to promote the advancement of technical education in the United Kingdom by a system of laboratory and workshop instruction with explanatory lectures, both in the daytime and in the evening, for the benefit of those who are engaged, or are about to be engaged, in industrial pursuits. The Finsbury Technical College is one of its adjuncts, and it establishes other branches, or assists those already established, in various parts of the country, with both means and teachers; and confers certificates upon all persons who can successfully pass examinations which it conducts in all the principal towns and cities where a sufficient number of those who are competent can be found. This work it has successfully prosecuted for the last three years, and it promises more for the future to the industrial classes than any other system in England, not even excepting the noble institution at Kensington, and its schools of art and science. The system coincides with the suggestions in this chapter, and fully vindicates the views just expressed. Our public schools would enable us to introduce technical training generally, and to make it omnipresent in the education of all the children, and consequently of the whole people.

THE THEORY OF SHOP-WORK.

The application of the educational idea to mechanic arts is strictly analogous in its application to chemistry and physics. In each the use of apparatus and the treatment of material is taught by systematic experiments in suitable laboratories. In each everything is arranged for the purpose of giving instruction in the principles involved and for acquiring skill in manipulation, and not for the sake of the production of saleable compounds of either drugs or apparatus. Chemical laboratories might be manufactories, and mixtures might be made for sale, but the efficiency of such a laboratory for the purpose of education would be very small. So a manufacturing establishment can be made a place for instruction in the use of tools, but its cost would be great in proportion to its capacity, and the variety of work would be limited by its business.

Special trades are not taught. The scope of a single trade is too narrow for educational purposes. Manual education should be as broad and liberal as intellectual. A shop which manufactures for the market, and expects a revenue from the sale of its products, is necessarily confined to saleable work, and a systematic and progressive series of lessons is impossible except at great cost. If the object of the shop is education, a student should be allowed to discontinue any task or process the moment he has learned to do it well. If the shop were intended to make money, the students would be kept at work on what they could do best, at the expense of breadth and versatility. It is claimed that students take more interest in working upon something which, when finished, has intrinsic value than they do in abstract exercises. This is quite possible, and proper use should be made of this fact; but if all education were limited to such practical examples our schools would be useless. The idea of a school is that pupils are to be graded and taught in classes, the result aimed at being, not at all the objective product or finished work, but the intellectual and physical growth which comes from the exercise. Of what use is the elaborate solution in algebra, the minute drawing, or the faithful translation after it is well done? Do we not erase the one and burn the other with the clear conviction that the only thing of value was the discipline, and that that is indestructible? So in manual education, the desired end is the acquirement of skill in the use of tools and materials, and not the production of specific articles; thence we abstract all the mechanical processes and manual arts and typical tools of the trades and occupations of men, arrange a systematic course of instruction in the same, and then incorporate it into our system of education. Thus, without teaching any one trade we teach the essential mechanical principles of all. In accordance with the foregoing principles the shop-training is gained by regular and csrefully graded lessons, designed to cover as much ground as possible, and to teach thoroughly the uses of ordinary tools. This does not imply the attainment of sufficient skill to produce either the fine work or the rapidity of a skilled mechanic-this is left to after years; but the knowledge of how a tool or machine should be used is easily and thoroughly taught. The mechanical products or results of such lessons have little or no value when completed, and hence the shops do not attempt to manufacture for the market.

APPENDIX E.

THE CITY AND GUILDS OF LONDON CENTRAL INSTITUTE. PLATES XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, AND XVI. THE City and Guilds of London Central Institute for the Advancement of Technical Education is a magnificent institution, in the building of which the architect, Mr. Alfred Waterhouse, A.R.A., has developed the intentions of the executive committee in the broad spirit in which they were conceived. The Professors of the Finsbury College, the Presidents of the Royal Society, of the Institution of Civil Engineers, of the Chemical Society, and of the Society of Arts, have each acted on the sub-committee to whom the arrangements of this building have been specially intrusted, under the presidentship of Sir Frederick Bramwell, whose work has so remarkably contributed to the success of the institute. Plans of this building are given.

The Royal Commission with reference to this institute said that it is intended to give to London a first-class college in which technical teachers for the provincial schools may be educated, and in which those who are to be engaged in the superintendence of great industrial works may receive their preliminary training. The establishment of this central institution will, it is hoped, render unnecessary the recourse to foreign countries (where similar institutions already exist) for the technical instruction of managers of works, engineers, and industrial chemists, and will be welcomed by manufacturers, who feel the want in London of some such institution in which their sons, who are to succeed them, can obtain 17-2 F

as

as good an education as at Paris, Zurich, Munich, or Berlin. Just as the École Centrale at Paris is about to be removed to the immediate neighbourhood of the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, in order that the students may be near to the collections of machinery and other industrial objects which the Conservatoire contains; so the central institution of London is built near the Science Schools and National Museum of South Kensington.

Besides giving to the metropolis a Technical High School or Technical University for advanced instruction in the application of science and of art to industrial operations, the Central Institution, as a training school for teachers, as a focus for uniting the different technical schools now in existence, and as a centre for the dissemination of technical knowledge, is expected to be the means of increasing the efficiency of every department of the institute's work.

The erection of this institution and the provision of the necessary fittings, machinery, and apparatus cost about £135,000, nearly the whole of which sum has been provided by the liberality of the city and of the livery companies of London. The building is, for the most part, five stories high. [Plate XI.] In the basement are physical laboratories and mechanical workshops, three large shops at the back being top-lighted. [Plate XII.] The entrance hall is in the centre of the building, and leads to the great corridor which stretches from one end of the building to the other." Class-rooms, laboratories, and studios, for the teaching of physics, chemistry, mechanics, mathematics, and art, occupy the several rooms on these floors. Passing along the corridor on the right-hand side of the entrance hall there is found a small lecture-room, and further on a large class-room, lighted on both sides for the teaching of graphical staties. In the rear are two lecture-theatres, lighted principally from the sides, each of them capable of accommodating 250 students, and adjoining and communicating with each of these lecture-theatres is a room for the preparation of experiments. [Plates XII and XIII.] On the first floor over the entrance is a large reading-room and library. The offices for the administration are on this floor towards the north end of the building, terminating in the Council-chamber, on the walls of which are emblazoned the arms of the livery companies of London. [Plate XIV.]

On the second floor a large room intended for an art museum occupies the principal position in the centre of the building, with class-rooms and studios on the south side. The rooms in the south wing of the building are mainly occupied by the Physical Department. They are specially fitted up as laboratories for experiments in thermometry, calorinetry, and pyrometry, in the different methods of warming and ventilating, in the reflection, refraction, and polarization of light, and for the construction of optical instruments. Rooms are arranged for experiments in current and statical electricity, for testing the power and efficiency of dynamo-machines, of electric lamps and motors, for experiments in telegraphy, and in methods of ascertaining the resistance and capacity of specimens of submarine cables and of underground wires. [Plate XV.]

On the north side of the building are the rooms belonging to the chemical department.

On the third floor is a large room, 67 feet by 55 feet, used for a technological museum. [Plate XVI.] At the northern extremity of the building on this floor is a refreshment room for students, and at the opposite end of the building is a large room in the chemical department, which is used as a professor's laboratory. A dark-room is arranged on this floor, and the roof is available for photographic operations and for chemical operations, which need to be conducted out of doors in the sunshine.

Descending a few steps of the staircase in the northern wing one comes to the general chemical laboratory for the performance mainly of analytical operations, and intended for the use of first-year students in all departments of the college, and beneath this laboratory are found two other laboratories, in which the larger operations incidental to research and technical chemistry are carried on. In the space between these laboratories is placed a gas-engine to supply the necessary motive-power. The large room at the end of the north wing, on the second floor, is specially fitted with apparatus and instruments for the performance of chemico-physical operations, and for microscopic studies in connection with brewing and other industries. On the same floor is a small class-room and preparation-room, and in the rear, and cut off from the main building, is a room entered by a balcony for operations involving the production of specially objectionable fumes.

The north end of the basement is occupied by the wood workshop, by a laboratory for experiments in mechanics, and by a shop for the construction of mechanical models. In the rear are three top-lighted sheds, one of which is used as a drawing-office, another is devoted to a mechanics' shop, and the third is fitted as a mechanical laboratory, and contains testing machines and other apparatus. Immediately adjoining this laboratory is the engine-room, which supplies power for the working of the machines in the mechanics' shop, and also contains an engine for experimental purposes. To the north of this room, separated by a wall, is a large laboratory used for carrying on metallurgical operations. The northern wing of the basement belongs to the physical department, and will be utilized for delicate electrical and other experiments requiring the employment of firm supports.

The Central Institute was opened for the reception of students in 1885. The fee for the complete course of instruction for those students wishing to qualify for the diploma is £30 per annum; but students are admitted to special courses on payment of lower fees.

The clothworkers' scholarship of £60 a year, tenable for two or three years, is annually competed for.

Arrangements have also been made for gratuitous courses of instruction to be given in the summer months to technical teachers.

APPENDIX F.

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY AND GUILDS OF LONDON INSTITUTE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, PRESENTED TO THE GOVERNORS AT A MEETING HELD ON WEDNESDAY, MARCH 31ST, 1886.

IN presenting to the Governors the Sixth Annual Report of the institute since its incorporation the council have to refer to the satisfactory progress that has been made during the past year in all departments of their work.

The fitting of the greater portion of the central institution has been completed, and a large accession of students is expected in October next.

At the Finsbury Technical College the number of day and evening students has increased, and the system of instruction is each year more generally appreciated.

The

The attendance at the South London School has been satisfactory, and important testimony to the beneficial results of the teaching was afforded by Mr. Doulton on the occasion of the presentation to him by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales of the Albert medal awarded by the Society of Arts.

A still further increase is shown in the number of technical classes that have been established in connection with the Institute in different parts of the kingdom; and very gratifying evidence of the value of the system of technological examinations has been received in an application from the Board of Technical Education of New South Wales to extend the examinations to that colony.

The assistance which the institute has been enabled to give to the establishment of technical colleges in the provincial centres of industry, although very limited, has had the effect of evoking from manufacturers and others a large amount of local support which has fully justified the institute's expenditure under this

head.

On February 1st of this year a technical school of metallurgy and of engineering was opened at Sheffield by Sir Frederick Bramwell, one of your Vice-Presidents and Chairman of the executive committee, in connection with the Firth college of that town. The school has received during the last year a subvention of £300 from the institute, and the local contributions have amounted to £11,500. In June, 1885, Sir Frederick Bramwell opened a new technical school at Bristol, erected and equipped by the Merchant Venturers' Company, which promises to be of great advantage to the artisan population of that city. Several classes are now being held in the school in connection with the institute.

In Leicester, the institute's donation of £700 towards the establishment of a school was supplemented by local donations and subscriptions to the amount of £3,500, and during the present session 239 students are receiving instruction in the registered classes of the institute in connection with the staple industries of the town. At Nottingham, very large local contributions have been made towards the equipment of a technical school. At Manchester, the institute's contribution of £200 a year for a period of three years, which expires this year, has been seconded by a large amount of local support.

The council refer to the above as some of the instances in which their timely help has been the means of evoking a large amount of assistance from manufacturers and others who are now very desirous of establishing in connection with their industries schools of applied science and art.

The inadequacy of the funds at the disposal of the council to meet the requirements of the several departments of the institute's operations, as indicated in their last annual report, has been so seriously felt since the opening of the central institution that it was found absolutely necessary to again appeal to the corporation and the livery companies of London for further help. The terms of the appeal were carefully considered by the executive committee, and the following letter, signed by the Vice-President of the institute, was forwarded to the courts of the several livery companies, and a petition to a similar effect has been presented to the corporation of London.

Gentlemen,

As Vice-Presidents of the City and Guilds of London Institute, we have been requested by the council to draw your attention to the present financial position of the institute, and to point out to you that the funds at the disposal of the council for carrying on the important educational work initiated by the Corporation and the Livery Companies of London are as yet by no means adequate.

Within the short period during which the institute has been at work, the Finsbury Technical College and the Central Institution have been erected and equipped at a cost of about £135,000; an Industrial Art School has been established in the south of London; small subsidies have been granted towards the erection and maintenance of technical schools in the provinces; and more than 260 technological classes, attended during the past Sessions, by nearly 7,000 students, have been organized, and in part supported, in the principal manufacturing centres throughout the kingdom

The council claim, therefore, to have substantially advanced the important objects for which the institute was established, viz., to place within the reach of those who are engaged, or who are about to engage, in productive industry the advantages of technical instruction.

The present income of the institute from subscriptions is about £24,500; but, owing to the continuous and rapid increase of their work, the council find it impossible, without further funds, to efficiently maintain, much less to improve, or to develop, their several technical schools and classes, in accordance with the growing needs of the metropolis and of the country generally.

After the most careful examination of the requirements of the Central Institution, in which, although the equipment of the building is not yet complete, courses of instruction are now being given, the council find that they are unable to carry on, as efficiently as they desire, the educational work of the institution without a large additional annual grant.

The number of students at the Finsbury Technical College has so greatly increased that an extension of the building has become almost indispensable, and the council are only waiting for the necessary funds to arrange for the additional accommodation now urgently required. This extension will necessitate a further grant for maintenance, which the council are at present unable to provide.

In the South of London, further facilities for technical instruction are so much needed that the council in their annual reports have repeatedly drawn attention to the importance of adding to their Art School a Science side, with the view of establishing in that part of the metropolis a school similar in many respects to the Finsbury College.

As regards the provincial work of the institute, there has been a large and growing increase in the number of students in attendance at the Evening Technological Classes, organised throughout the country, in connection with the institute's system of examinations; and the council, recognizing the importance of assisting local efforts to advance technical education in the manufacturing centres of the kingdom, where its value is greatly appreciated, are desirous of further extending this department of their work, for which purpose alone they require a considerable addition to their income,

This expansion of the institute's work has not been unexpected by those who have watched its steady progress. The treasurer of the institute, in giving evidence, in 1883, before the Royal Commission on Technical Instruction, stated that the cost of the maintenance of the Central Institution could not be much less than £15,000 per annum, and that the other branches of the institute's operations would require an annual expenditure of about £25,000.

Under these circumstances, we appeal to you, with confidence, to help in providing the additional support now needed. We feel that it would be injurious to the industrial interests of the country, and altogether opposed to the wishes of the Corporation and the Livery Companies of London, that this great work, so successfully begun, should remain incomplete for want of the necessary funds to efficiently develop it.

We trust, therefore, that, having regard to the success that has already been achieved, and to the national usefulness of the work which the Council hope yet to accomplish, you will bring this appeal under the serious consideration of your Company.

Gresham College, E.C., November, 1885.

We have, &c,

SELBORNE.

FREDERICK BRAMWELL.
SYDNEY H. WATERLOW.
R. N. FOWLER.

In anticipation of this appeal, the Drapers' Company, in consequence of a communication made to them qy their representatives on the council, voted the sum of £1,000 for the purchase of additional apparatus at the Finsbury Technical College, and they have since conditionally promised to increase their subscription from £4,500 to £6,000, with a view to assist the Institute in providing additional accommodation at the college for the art school and for the increasing number of students in other departments.

The

The appeal is now under the consideration of the courts of several companies; but the council are gratified to be already able to report that the Mercers' Company have increased their subscription from £2,000 a year to £3,000, the Salters' Company from £525 to £1,000,* the Ironmongers' Company from £350 to £500, the Skinners' Company from £500 to £1,500, the Clothworkers' Company from £3,000 a year to £4,000, the Leathersellers' Company from £500 to £750, the Carpenters' Company from £250 to £500, and the Coopers' Company from £105 to £157 10s., and that the Cutlers' Company have promised to contribute £105 per annum.

The council have also to express their satisfaction at the adhesion of the Merchant Taylors' and Saddlers' Companies to the institute. The former company have conditionally promised to contribute the sum of £300 a year for the organization of classes, prizes, and examinations in connection with the industry with which they are titularly associated, and the latter company contribute £300 a year for the establishment of exhibitions and prizes at the Finsbury Technical College, and for the general assistance of the institute's technological classes.

A donation of £52 10s. has been received during the present year from the Girdlers' Company. Your council again refer to the great want of scholarships, particularly in connection with the central institution. They trust that the corporation will renew their valuable scholarship of £50 a year in memory of H.R.H. the Duke of Albany. The six scholarships founded by the Mitchell trustees, and the Hall Scholarship, the proceeds of a fund the interest of which is paid to the institute by the Court of Chancery, have proved of great benefit; and the council, recognizing the importance of these scholarhsips, again express the hope that, in the liberation of trust funds from purposes to which they are no longer applicable, the advantages of founding such scholarships will be duly considered.

The presentation of prizes to the students of the central institution of the Finsbury Technical College and of the South London School of Technical Art, as well as to the successful candidates at the technological examinations, who were examined at the institute's London centre, took place on December 9th, at the Salters' Hall, the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor (Mr. Alderman Staples) in the chair. The prizes were presented by Alderman Sir R. N. Fowler, Bart., M.P., whom H.R.H. the Prince of Wales has graciously nominated as a Vice-President of the institute. The meeting was more numerously attended than on any previous occasion. A full account of the proceedings will be found in Appendix A.

I.-CENTRAL INSTITUTION.

The equipment of this institution has been carefully proceeded with during the past year, and is now nearly finished. The council trust that H.R.H. the President may be pleased to visit during the present year the institution, and to inspect the laboratories and workshops in the several departments, which are probably the most complete of any in the United Kingdom.

The department of mechanics and mathematics comprises the ordinary lecture and class rooms, together with a drawing-room and a laboratory of mechanics.

The drawing-room is used for practice in problems connected with mensuration, graphical statics, projective and descriptive geometry, &c.

The laboratory is provided with apparatus for demonstrating those principles of mechanics of which the student will have to make constant use in all other branches of physics and in engineering. A chief aim also of the laboratory course is to make the student thoroughly acquainted with exact measuring instruments and methods, for which purpose the laboratory has been provided with apparatus for the measurement of time, length, and mass, including clocks of various kinds, an electrical chronograph, spherometer, cathetometer, balances, &c.

The engineering department consists of the drawing-office, the workshop, and the engineering laboratory.

The workshop comprises a joiners' shop, a smithy, and a mechanics' shop, provided with planing, shaping, drilling and milling machines, wood and metal lathes, and emery tool-grinder, and the necessary vices, screwing tackle, &c.

The engineering laboratory contains a 100-ton testing machine of the most accurate and complete description, with tension shackles for bars and plates of different sizes, and apparatus for compression and for transverse tests. Measuring apparatus of the most accurate kind is also provided. There are, besides, wire-testing and cement-testing machines.

Power is obtained from an experimental steam-engine of 25 nominal horse-power, arranged to work condensing or non-condensing, simple or compound. Arrangements are also made for varying the conditions of working (expansion, reservoir pressure, clearance spaces, &c.), and there is a large dynamometer for absorbing and measuring the work of the engine, and indicators, tanks, &c., for measuring condensing water and condensed steam. The arrangements serve for carrying out a series of comparative engine tests, and for measuring the steam and fuel consumption.

In the physical department separate laboratories are provided, in which first-year students receive instruction in the subjects of electricity, light, and heat. The plan so successfully developed by Professor Ayrton, at the Finsbury Technical College, of fitting up the various laboratories with a classified series of quantitative experiments, consisting of pieces or sets of apparatus, cach complete in itself, and each arranged for the verification of some important physical law, has been adopted.

In the basement are two laboratories provided with isolated brick piers on deep concrete founda

tions for delicate experiments of a more advanced description.

On this floor is also the workshop in which special apparatus is made for the department, and in which the more advanced students will, as occasion arises, construct pieces of apparatus which may be required for purposes of experiment.

The dynamo-room is provided with an 8-horsepower compound engine and boiler, which drives a line of shafting fitted with coned pulleys, for experiments on dynamos at varying rates of speed in connection with investigations in electric lighting, electro-motors, transmission of power, &c.

Besides these laboratories there is a large lecture-theatre, capable of holding over 200 students, a small lecture-room, a room for the graphical recording of observations and for the designing by the more advanced students of physical apparatus, and a small museum for physical appliances and models. Other rooms belonging to the physical department are yet to be fitted.

The sum of £500, being the first moiety of this subscription, was paid in November, 1885, and is included in last year's receipts.

The

The following are the main features of the arrangements in the chemical department :

The large laboratory on the second floor has places for 42 students, each of whom will have on the bench in front of him a draught hood, under which experiments involving the production of objectionable fumes can be carried on, and under which also most of the gas-burners used for heating purposes are placed, so that the work will be conducted under the best hygienic conditions.

The two chief rooms in this department on the first floor are arranged for those more advanced students who may be engaged in research.

In the one room there are places for 16 students, each of whom will have at his disposal a bench 8 feet in length, provided with a draught hood, and along the sides of the room are large draught closets and benches for special operations. Taps for gas, water, aud vacuum are provided on each bench.

The second room at present contains benches for only 12 students, whilst the centre of the room is occupied by large movable tables suitable for special operations on a large scale. Shafting driven by rope gearing from an engine in the basement is carried into cach of these rooms. The narrow room between these two laboratories is arranged specially for combustion furnaces.

The large lecture-theatre on the ground-floor will accommodate 240 students.

A large room in the basement contains the above-mentioned engine, which is of the vertical type, and of 6-h.p. nominal. It drives a line of shafting, which is connected by rope gearing with a shaft on the second floor, from which the ventilating exhaust fan is driven. The fan is situated at the top of a wide stack, into which the various flues from the laboratories pass. In the engine-room are steam pans and stills, a centrifugal machine, a filter press, a dynamo machine, and other apparatus required in technical chemical operations.

In addition to the above principal laboratories and other smaller rooms for the accommodation of students engaged in special researches, there is a large balance-room, a photographic dark-room, and a room for gas analysis.

In the central institution London possesses, for the first time, an institution which is comparable with, and, in some respects, superior to a German Polytechnic School. Erected at less than a third of the cost of the Technical High School at Berlin, it is replete with all the appliances for the education of technical teachers and of persons who are training with the view of becoming mechanical, civil, or electrical engineers, or master-builders, or of taking the management of works in connection with any of our great chemical and other manufacturing industries. The advantages offered by the central institution will enable parents to secure, in England, for their sons technical instruction of the same high class as has been for so many years provided in the great technical colleges of the Continent, and better adapted to the special circumstances of home industry; and it is hoped that students trained in the central institution will gradually occupy the places in manufacturing works, and especially in chemical works, both in Great Britain and in the Colonies, which now for some years have been almost monopolized by the Germans and the Swiss.

Although the equipment of the building was, at the time, by no means complete, the first summer course for teachers was held in July of last year. The courses embraced the following subjects:The teaching of geometry in its technical applications, by Professor O. Henrici, F.R S.

The testing of materials of construction, with some applications to the design of machinery, by Professor W. C. Unwin, M. Inst. C.E.

The teaching of electrical engineering, by Professor W. E. Ayrton, F.R.S.

Carriage-building, by Mr. G. A. Thrupp, Past Master of the Coachmakers' Company.

Plumbing, by Mr. W. R. Maguire.

The number of persons who attended these courses was 106. Several of the students came from distant parts of the country, and devoted their whole day to instruction. The professors of engineering and of physics took advantage of the unique collection of machinery in the International Inventions Exhibition to give demonstrations within the Exhibition on the subjects of their lectures.

A more extended course of technical instruction for teachers will be given in July next, in which the professors of the institution will be assisted by several of the examiners of the institute in giving lectures and laboratory teaching on special branches of technology.

The first session of the institution commenced in October last, and the number of students now in attendance is 105, of whom twenty-five have matriculated and take the entire course of instruction as laid down in the programme. Considering that the equipment of the college is not yet completed, and that in London it takes a considerable time to bring the advantages of an institution prominently under public notice, and having regard to the character of the entrance or matriculation examination, these results may be regarded as hopeful.

Special courses of lectures, to which outside students are admitted, are being now given on "Methods of determining the nature of complex carbon compounds," by Professor Armstrong; on "Some industrial applications of electricity," by Professor Ayrton; and on the "Differential and integral calculus, for engineering students," by Professor Henrici.

The fees received from students since the institution has been opened have amounted to £425 1s. Of this sum £391 was received in October last.

The total cost of the building, including architect's fees and other incidental expenses, had amounted, at the date of the balance-sheet, to £78,911 Os. 6d. Of the sum of £20,000-the originally estimated cost of fittings and apparatus-£17,716 5s. had been specially subseribed, in response to the appeal of H.R.H. the President, by the Corporation and many of the Livery Companies, the greater part of which has been already expended in furniture and fittings, and in providing machinery, permanent apparatus for the several departments, and such materials as were required for immediate use. Some additional machinery is now wanted in the engineering department, and a further supply of apparatus is very much needed in the departments of mechanics and of physics. There are still three or four laboratories in the physical department, which will soon be required for second and third year students, for the equipment of which no provision has as yet been made. A grant for providing books for the library is urgently needed, the only books which the institution as yet possesses being those presented by the International Health Exhibition, in addition to a few volumes received from publishers. Accommodation has been provided for about 12,000 volumes.

Some few gifts have been made to the Technological Museum by the Clothworkers' Company, by manufacturers, and others; but the funds at the disposal of the Council have not yet enabled them to arrange for the equipment of the museum with the necessary fittings. Of