original States. English, Ashley River, 1670. North and South Carolina are both phates, fifth in cotton, twentieth in population. First settlers, River, 1650. SOUTH CAROLINA ranks first in rice and phoston, fifteenth in population. First settlers, English, Cowan copper, third in peanuts and tobacco, fourth in rice, ninth in cotNORTH CAROLINA ranks first in tar and turpentine, second in Spanish Indians; New York, Knickerbockers; North Carolina, tarheels; Ohio, buckeyes; Oregon, hard cases; Pennsylvania, pennamites, or leather-heads; Rhode Island, gunflints; South Carolina, weazles; Tennessee, whelps; Texas, beef-heads; Utah, polygamists; Vermont, green-mountain boys; Virginia, beagles; Wisconsin, badgers. NICKNAMES OF CITIES. Atlanta, Gate City of the South; Baltimore, Monumental City; Bangor, Lumber City; Boston, Modern Athens, Literary Emporium, City of Notions, and Hub of the Universe; Brooklyn, City of Churches; Buffalo, Queen of the Lakes; Burlington (Iowa), Orchard City; Charleston, Palmetto City; Chicago, Prairie, or Garden City; Cincinnati, Queen of the West and Porkopolis; Cleveland, Forest City; Denver, City of the Plains; Detroit, City of the Straits; Hartford, Insurance City; Indianapolis, Railroad City; Keokuk, Gate City; Lafayette, Star City; Leavenworth, Cottonwood City; Louisville, Falls City; Lowell, Spindle City; McGregor, Pocket City; Madison, Lake City; Milwaukee, Cream City; Nashville, Rock City; New Haven, Elm City; New Orleans, Crescent City; New York, Empire City, Commercial Emporium, Gotham, and Metropolis of America; Philadelphia, City of Brotherly Love, City of Penn, Quaker City, and Centennial City; Pittsburgh, Iron City and Smoky City; Portland (Me.), Hill City; Providence, Roger Williams's City, and Perry Davis's Pain Killer; Raleigh, Oak City; Richmond (Va.), Cockade City; Richmond (Ind.), Quaker City of the West; Rochester, Aqueduct City; Salt Lake City, Mormon City; San Francisco, Golden Gate; Savannah, Forest City of the South; Sheboyan, Evergreen City; St. Louis, Mound City; St. Paul, North Star City; Vicksburg, Key City; Washington, City of Magnificent Distances, and Federal City. The English Sparrow. As The first English sparrow was brought to the United States in 1850, but it was not until 1870 that the species can be said to have firmly established itself. Since then it has taken possession of the country. Its fecundity is amazing. In the latitude of New York and southward it hatches, as a rule, five or six broods in a season, with from four to six young in a brood. suming the average annual product of a pair to be twenty-four young, of which half are females and half males, and assuming further, for the sake of computation, that all live, together with their offspring, it will be seen that in ten years the progeny of a single pair would be 275,716,983,698. T HE NEXT census of the United States, when completed, will probably show a POPULATION of nearly 60,000,000. The census of 1880 counted 50,155,783, of whom 17,392,099 were earners. The combined WEALTH of the country in 1880 amounted to over $50,000,000,000-about $880 per head, or $2,600 per worker. Half of this was in lands and houses. This half was made up of farms, $10,197,000,000; residence and business real-estate, $9,881,000,000; public buildings, churches, etc., not taxed, $2,000,000,000. One-eighth was railroads ($5,536,000,000); another eighth, household furniture and supplies ($5,000,000,000); the other quarter, live stock and farm tools ($2,406,000,000); mines and quarries ($781,000,000); telegraphs, ships and canals ($419,000,000); specie ($612,000,000); miscellaneous ($650,000,000); and the stock of products and imports ($6,160,000,000). The annual PRODUCT or EARNINGS of the nation are given by the census of 1880 as $8,500,000,000. One-tenth of this is used on farms. The product is very unevenly divided. An even division would give about $450 per year to each earner, or less than 45 cents per day for each person. But it has been reckoned that in 1880 fifty persons had an average income of $1,000,000 each per year; 2,000, $100,000; 100,000, $10,000; a million, $1,000; 14,000,000 under $400 per year. The chief wastes are as follows: 1. Drink. The "liquor bill" of this country, at the price paid dram-shops, is estimated at from $474,000,000 up, of which a large part is worse than waste. 2. Fire. The loss by fire each year now exceeds $100,000,000, of which the $50,000,000 paid back by insurance companies is none the less loss. The expenses of insurance companies are $35,000,000 in addition, and for fire departments, $25,000,000 more. 3. Crime and pauperism. The census reported 59,255 criminals in jail, and 67,067 paupers in poor-houses. These are by no means all. Their support costs over $12,500,000 per year, but the full loss by crime runs probably toward fifty millions. 4. Waste of food. We consume now about $500,000,000 worth of food, of which probably 10 per cent is wasted by extravagance, bad cooking, etc., or $50,000,000. 5. Strikes and lack of employment. There were in one year (1880) 762 strikes recorded, of which 226 are known to have resulted in a loss of $3,700,000 unearned wages. Still greater is the loss by lack of employment for men willing to work. OHIO ranks first in agricultural implements and wool, second in petroleum, iron and steel, third in population, wheat, sheep, coal, malt and distilled liquors; fourth in printing and publishing, salt and miles of railway; fifth in milch cows, hogs, horses, hay, tobacco, iron ore and manufactures. First settled, by English, at Marietta, 1788. Admitted into the Union, 1S03. |