LENGTH OF CIRCULAR ARC. Huygens' approximation to length of a circular arc: WEDDING ANNIVERSARIES. First, cotton; second, paper; third, leather; fifth, wooden; seventh, woolen; tenth, tin; twelfth, silk and fine linen; fifteenth, crystal; twentieth, china; twenty-fifth, silver; thirtieth, pearl; fortieth, ruby; fiftieth, golden; seventy-fifth, diamond. YOUR BIRTHDAY. Born on Monday, fair in face; Born on Tuesday, full of God's grace; Born on Saturday, work hard for a living; AN indenture is a deed or instrument in writing. Originally such writings were made in duplicate upon a sheet of paper which was afterwards indented or cut apart in a waved or notched line. One piece was given to each of the parties to the contract, and when the two were put together they would, of course, fit into each other exactly. This mode of indenture has passed out of use, but the term survives. Deg. Sine. Cover. Cosecnt. Tangt. Cotang. Secant. Versin, Cosin. .61566 38433 1.6242 39 .62932 .78128 1.2799 1.26901 .2119 78801 52 40 .37067 1.5890 41 42 .80978 1.2348 1.28675 .64278 .83909 .65605 .34394 1.5242 .86928 .66913 .33086 43 .68199 .31800 1.1917 1.30540 1.1503 1.4944 .90040 1.1106 1.34563 .2568 .74314 48 1.0355 71933 46 Cosin. Versin. Secant. Cotang. Tangt. Cosecnt. Cover. Sine THE term bankrupt originated in connection with the moneychangers of Italy. They sat in the market-place with their money displayed on a bench (or banc, as it was called) before them. When one of these financial gentlemen failed his banc (or bench) was said to be broken, and he was styled a bankrupt. The modern bank inherits its name from the unimposing money-bench (banc) of medieval Italy. Useful Information for Printers and Publishers. Standard Newspaper Measure. The standard newspaper measure, as recognized and now in general use, is 13 ems pica. The standard of measurement of all sizes of type is the em quad, not the letter m. Leads and Slugs. Leads are designated as "-to-pica," the number being that fraction of a pica which the lead is, viz.: a 6-to-pica lead is onesixth of a pica in thickness, or six 6-to-pica's are equal to one pica; four 4-to-pica's one pica, and so with other sizes or thicknesses of leads. SLUGS "Leads" of nonpareil thickness and greater are called slugs, viz.: nonpareil slugs, brevier slugs, pica slugs, etc. Average Weight of Matter. A "piece" of solid matter 13 ems pica wide and 6 inches long will weigh about 3 lbs., but, in order to allow for the sorts usually remaining in case 4 lbs. of type would be required to set that amount of solid matter. When the matter is to be leaded the weight of the type may be reduced about one-quarter, i. e., a single column of six-column folio, solid, will weigh 10% lbs., requiring about 13 lbs. of type, while the same length column, leaded with 6-to-pica leads, will contain but 7 lbs. solid matter, requiring about 10 lbs. of type to set the same. EXAMPLE-A single page of regular six-column folio or quarto (13x1934) contains 25634 square inches of matter: 25634X43%÷13 (square inches of 43 lbs. of type) =86+, the number of pounds of type required to set that amount of matter, including sorts in case. How to Estimate for Body Type. To estimate the quantity of type (solid) necessary to fill a given space, multiply the number of square inches by 5% (estimated weight, in ounces, of one square inch of matter, including sorts in case) divide the product by 16, and the result will be the weight of type required. If leaded, a reduction in weight of type may be made as above. EXAMPLE-A single page of regular six-column folio or quarto (13x1934) contains 25634 square inches of matter: 25634X53%÷16=86+, the number of pounds of type required to set that amount of matter, including sorts in case. Miscellaneous Information. The following table gives the number of "ems" in a space 6x13 ems pica, also the average number of "ems" in 4 ounces: Pearl Agate No'pl Min'n Brev'r Bourg Lg. Pr/Sm. Pi Pica Number of Ems in 6x13 Ems Pica.... 4 Ounces.... 449 368 312 132 2303 177 138% 112 92 78 61 51 43 35 Table showing the number of ems of the different sizes of newspaper type in a line, the number of lines necessary to make 1,000 ems, and the length in inches. in the regular lengths of columns: Also the number of ems 26 3812 31 Brevier.. 43 Bourgeois 19251 Long Primer.. 173 572 1526429 9 Col. Folio, Ems in Col. 5,040 6,505 7,180 7,900 8,630 9,310 5,615 6,160 6,785 7,410 4,325 8,020 3,175 4,115 4,515 4,970 5,440 2.465 3,200 3,510 3,865 4,220 1,950 2.525 2,770 3,050 3,330 1.610 2,085 2,290 2,520 | 2,755 5,885 4,575 3,615 2,970 Leads for Newspapers. Table showing the number of leads, 13 ems pica long, contained in one pound, and the number required to lead 1,000 ems of matter; together with the number of leads in a single column of matter, regular sizes of newspapers: Table showing the number of ems to a line, and the number of lines contained in 1,000 ems of matter, standard book measAlso, the space, in inches, filled by 1,000 ems of matter of the different measures: |