linders before the operation. In order to cover part only of any piece of cloth or other fabric with a metallic surface, I pass the piece through a common or friction calender, in order to make the face firm and smooth to the touch, I then apply starch or paste, by means of a machine, or block, or brush over those parts of the fabric on which the figure is required. I then carefully apply the metallic powder with a soft brush, whilst the impression is wet as before described until the piece is finished. The cloth is afterwards dried and brushed well with a hard brush, in order to remove all the superfluous powder that may attach to the piece. After this operation the piece must be passed through a slightly heated friction calender, or may be glazed by hand so as to cause the raising or burnishing of the metallic surface required.

"In order to produce the effect of matted or dead silver, I make use of old steel cards (which have been previously used for carding cotton) which I so fix upon a board, or in a frame, or in a roller, as that the piece of cloth or other fabric may be drawn against them the smooth way of the card until the metallic surface assumes a dead or matted appearance.

"In order to apply my invention to yarns or thread in the skein or hank, or in the warp, the same process must be gone through as is hereinbefore described with respect to piece goods, taking care to use starch thinner in point of consistency The starch which I use for this purpose is made by disolving about one pound of starch to one gallon of water; care must also be taken that the threads be kept sufficiently separate and distinct, so as to admit of the metallic powder reaching and covering every part of the thread. The dressing machine commonly used by power loom weavers answers very well for that purpose.

"In applying my invention to paper, I use the same process as is done in piece goods, except that when I again wet the starch or paste which has been suffered to dry on the paper, I do it in all cases by applying water by means of a brush as before described, and not by immersion in water. The starch used being of the consistency produced by dissolving about one pound and a half of starch in one gallon of water. In applying my invention to leather the process is the same as is herein before described with respect to piece goods, except that I commonly use glue as the adhesive substance for fixing the powder firmly upon the leather, dissolving about four pounds of glue in one gallon of water, and the glue being used when quite hot, the powder being applied either immediately after the glue is put on or after the glue has dried, and being again wetted in the manner before mentioned, in describing the process of applying the powder by means of starch to fabrics of cotton, linen, or silk. The friction necessary to give the bright or burnished appearance may be applied by hand according to the nature of work required to be done. To produce the appearance of matted or dead silver, second hand cards may be employed as before described. Leather, which has been curried and polished as for sale, is the best for the purposes aforesaid.

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Although I have in the previous description stated the size of the vessel and the description and strength of acid I use, and also that I prefer starch as the adhesive substance for attaching the powder to cotton, linen, or silk, either separately or mixed, or in yarns, or in the piece, or to paper. I declare that the vessels in which the metals are revived or reformed may be adapted in point of size to the extent of the production required, and as tin is soluble by all or most of the mineral, and some of the

vegetable acid, that any of such acids may be used for dissolving the metal, although I prefer and use the muriatic acid, and I further declare that the strength of the acids and solutions employed may be varied, modified, and reduced according to the quantity of precipitate or revived metal required. And I also use starch in preference to other mucilaginous or cohesive substance, as being more easily reduced to the consistency required by the nature of the work to be performed. And I declare that I do not claim as my invention either the solution of the tin or metal employed by means of muriatic or other acid, or the reviving or reforming of the tin or other metal, that process being well known, or any part of my process taken separately, as the various operations, are of constant occurrence, in different manufactories; but I do claim as of my sole invention, the combination and employment of the several operations, of reforming the tin or other metals, in a state of fine powder, the application of the metal, in that state to the fabric used, and the use of a high degree of friction to raise a metallic surface or figure, at a much less expense than has hitherto been effected, such a result having been heretofore produced by methods in which these combinations have not occurred, and I claim such process whether the whole be effected by hand or manual labour, or by the use and adaption of any machinery to the purpose; And I further declare that although I have in the foregoing description exhibited my invention of giving a metallic surface to cotton, silk, linen, and other fabrics, by the employment of tin only yet the same process may be used with corresponding results, whether that metal or silver, lead, bismuth or antimony, either separately or in combination, is or are the metal or metals employed. And I therefore claim as my invention, the process or method of giving a metallic sur

VOL. V.-SECOND SERIES.

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face to cotton silk, linen, and other fabrics by the application of a metallic powder in manner hereinbefore expressed whether the metal employed be tin, silver, lead, bismuth or antimony separately or in combination, and where the metal or metals employed is or are first reduced to a powder, and where after its application friction shall be used in raising the metallic surface.-[Inrolled in the Roll's Chapel Office, July, 1830.]

Specification drawn by Mr. Newton.

AMERICAN PATENT.

Specification of a patent for a machine for Grinding Flax Seed, and other kinds of grain, paints, medicines, and other substances. Granted to ASAHEL CROSS, and EZRA BROWN, Cazenovia, Madison County, New York, February 4th, 1830.

ON a horizontal shaft two feet six inches, or three feet in length, and ten inches from one end of the same, is placed a cast-iron wheel, eighteen inches in diameter, and one inch, or more, in thickness; the flat sides of which are turned straight and smooth. Two cast iron wheels or cylinders, nine inches in diameter and four inches in thickness, the circular surfaces of which are turned straight and smooth, are placed on two shafts, two feet in length and near one end of the same. These shafts are placed in a horizontal position across, and at right angles with, the first mentioned shaft, and from three to four inches below the same (measuring from centre to centre) one on each side of the flat wheel, and in such a manner

as to bring the smooth surfaces of the cylinders in contact with the smooth sides of the flat wheel; the outer ends of the cylinders extending as far as the outer extremity of the flat wheel at the point where they come in contact. The pivots on the ends of all the shafts run in boxes of metal, or other substance, attached to a frame prepared for the purpose.

The perpendicular flat wheel constitutes the principle of the improvement in the above machine, by operating between two cylinders or rollers, similar to those heretofore in use.

Operation.

This machine is propelled by water, hand, or other power, by attaching a pulley and strap, or other gear, to each shaft. The seed, &c. is fed from above into the machine, on each side of the flat wheel, between that and the cylinders. The flat wheel and cylinders are put in motion in a direction calculated to draw the feed between them; the flat wheel and cylinders making an equal number of revolutions in the same time. For some uses, this machine may be made much smaller than above described; but the flat wheel and cylinders should be nearly in the same proportion to each other.

The principle of this machine in its operation, in its improved form, is, it breaks the seed or substance, and at the same time, by the raking motion of the flat wheel against the cylinders, in consequence of their being placed below its centre, it effectually grinds or pulverizes it.