traveller will remember the place from the great gamblinghouse which the present sovereign has erected close to the railway station) he received much encouragement. Thence to Weimar, and to Gotha, where he was closeted with the Duke Ernest from eight to twelve, and from two to six; a circumstance which he records with evident satisfaction. It would be endless to mention all the small principalities which he at this time visited. At length he seems to have pined for Holland, and found his way thither by Cleves and Nymeguen. When in the latter place, he heard that the provincial Synod of Harderwick was about to assemble; of course he went thither, and obtained a certificate from the divines there in consultation. Crossing the country to Alkmaar, he found the Synod of North Holland in session, but was less fortunate than usual in his reception, as the lay commissioners interfered, and would not allow him to speak. He therefore thought it necessary to go to the Hague, and to obtain from the States General such letters of recommendation as might obviate the like opposition for the future; these he procured, and forwarded them to the several provinces; and relying on the protection he had thus acquired, he presented himself in September to the Synod of Utrecht, to that of Middelburg, and to that of the Walloons. The latter being concluded-it is one little proof among many of the indomitable perseverance of the man-he went to Flushing, simply, as he says, 'to confer with some men of note who could contribute somewhat to the furtherance of his design.' He next heard that there was a meeting of divines at Bergen op Zoom; here he did what he could, and so was in time for the assembly of the States of Holland at Amsterdam. By them he was told that they could do nothing till they knew how far the Lutherans would be disposed to meet them. Dury immediately fell to work, and translated and printed such papers as he thought might obviate that difficulty; the declarations of Leipsic and Frankfort, a letter from the King of Sweden to one of his bishops, and some other documents. He now thought that he might hope to obtain some official recognition by the States General. They told him that it was necessary that he should come provided with a similar certificate from all the provincial States before they could entertain his proposal. Here was all his labour in Holland to be begun over again; but the persevering man, not a whit daunted, set about the task with good courage. He first went to the University of Franeker, then to the deputies of Friesland, assembled at Leeuwarden; then to those of Overyssel, at Zwolle, where he found great opposition; and lastly, to Amsterdam. While he was there, the Prince of Sweden happened to visit that city; Dury, of course, did not miss the

opportunity, and his highness promised to do what he could among his Lutheran subjects. Having thus concluded his Dutch tour, our hero thought that a fresh certificate from Cromwell might not be without its influence at the next meeting of the States General; he sailed from Flushing on the 14th and landed at Margate on the 15th of February, 1657. His own account of his adventures concludes with the following resolution of the House of Commons:

June 26th, 1657.-' Ordered by the parliament that it be recommended to his highness the Lord Protector at the desire of the parliament, that his highness will be pleased to encourage all Christian endeavours for uniting the Protestant Church abroad; and that the lord deputy, the lord Lambert, Master Secretary, General Desberow, and Colonel Jones be desired to present this vote to the Lord Protector.'

We now lose Dury as a guide, and must follow his history from the necessarily inferior materials which the diligence of Benzelius was able to collect. It appears that he remained quiet till the Restoration in 1660; and that he then addressed a letter to Charles II., setting forth what he had already done, and what he still hoped to perform. The only wonder is, that our hero ever expected to receive an answer; however, nothing daunted when he found that his application was unnoticed, he applied to Archbishop Juxon, whose reply is preserved. It is exactly that which might be expected. Nothing could be more desirable than the union of all Christians; nothing more in accordance with the Archbishop's own particular wish; but the divisions in England must be taken into consideration. If foreign princes would unite in expressing any desire for the mediation of the Anglican Church, it would then be the time for her prelates to consult the king as to what his own feelings might be, &c. Finding that he was thus thrown on his own resources, Dury-who, it must be remembered, was now upwards of sixty-again went into Holland, and travelled through the whole of the country, visiting pastors, scattering papers, claiming to be heard at Synods, in short, leaving no stone unturned to effect his purpose. Imagining that he had made some little progress in this country, he was anxious to go again into Sweden, but was deterred, as he says, by the fate of the bishop Matthiæ, who had been by this time deprived for his book called the Olive Branches. He forgets to state that the sentence of banishment pronounced against him, under Christina, had never been repealed. However, as he was unable to go himself, he sent a number of pamphlets, which might tend to further his purpose; and, deriving fresh hopes from the Conference of Cassel-of which we shall presently have occasion to speakhe went, in 1662, into Switzerland, and having kept alive what

ever interest might still be existing there, journeyed back again into Belgium. Before this time, he had obtained the co-operation of the then celebrated divine Dannhauer, of Strasborg, who, however, now felt it his duty to protest against the sacrifice of truth to peace. On this, in a published pamphlet, Dury cited his opponent to appear before the judgment-seat of Christ; and the almost immediate death of Dannhauer no doubt served to confirm him in his pre-conceived opinions. His chief stay, at this time, was a harmony of Protestant Confessions, published in the Syntagma Confessionum,' Geneva, 1654; which he dispersed into every corner of Western Europe. Finding it difficult to return to England, and yet perceiving it to be requisite that, at his advanced age, he should have some definite home, he accepted the invitation of Hedwig Sophia, Landgravine of Hesse, and about the year 1664 settled at Cassel, making his excursions from, and with a view of returning to, that place. Again we find him in Switzerland, whence he visited the Palatinate, and extended his tour to Berlin, where he was in 1667. During the next three years, his wanderings were more widely extended than ever they had been before; were we to trace him from state to state, and from principality to principality, a volume, instead of an article, would be requisite. But, in 1670, he made the discovery that his attempts, so far as the Lutherans were concerned, had been conducted on a wrong principle; that he should not have sought for the acquiescence of the whole body in his scheme, but should have endeavoured to interest, one by one, the separate Lutheran communities in its success. He therefore thought it necessary, so far as they were concerned, to begin all over again; and, in 1671, printed, at Cassel, his Axiomata Communia quæ procurandæ et conservandæ Paci inter Evangelicos judicata sunt necessaria.' This he sent into Sweden, and, in 1672, to Spener at Frankfort. In the latter year he published a Brevis Disquisitio de veris Fundamentalibus.' He here reduced all that a Christian need to believe to the bare articles of the Apostles' Creed; he summed up his obedience in the Decalogue, and his hope in the Lord's Prayer. He added that the Ecumenical Creeds ought to be embraced so far as they were clear; and that Louis Bayly's Practice of Piety,' and Arndt's Treatise on True Christianity,' ought to be embraced by all. After such a declaration, no Lutheran would answer him in any private communication; but Meisner replied to him publicly. His last extant letter is addressed to Count de la Gardie, Chancellor of Sweden, and is dated May 6, 1672; but he lived and wrote long after this. In 1674, he published-and the work shows no evidence of decayed faculties-a treatise in French, 'Touchant l'Intelligence de l'Apoca

lypse, par l'Apocalypse même;' and here he first gave evidence that he had adopted the system of George Calixtus, and was willing to embrace Roman Catholics as well as Protestants and Reformed, in his pacification. In 1676, he printed Le véritable Chrétien; and in the following year, a pamphlet in the same language, on Christian Union. In 1678, the Quaker Penn visited him at Cassel; after which we have no authentic accounts of his proceedings. It is said, however, that he survived the year 1690; but of the exact date or circumstances of his death no record exists. Whatever might have been his mistakes, however impossible in its very nature was the union which he proposed to effect, however entirely, in his desires for pacification, he offended against the unity of the true faith, it is impossible but to believe that a life of such unwearied labour, of such constant self-denial, of such indefatigable devotion to one, and that so holy an object, must at last have merited the blessing promised to the peacemakers. God grant that it may have been so!

Any one who has been travelling northward through the province of Sleswig, will not easily forget the beauty of the view, when after traversing the huge central common, and the beechcovered hills of that country, he first catches sight of the Flensborg Fjord, of the four spires of the busy bustling little town beyond it, of the deep forests in which it is embosomed, and the intense blue of the creek on which its fishing craft are riding at anchor. If, when you reach the place, instead of turning to the right down the high street, you keep to the left, eight or ten miles will bring you to the little village of Medelbye, or Meelbye, with its rough First-pointed church, and interior wall-arches. Here it was that in the year 1586 was born George Kallisön, better known by his Latinized name of Calixtus. His father John, the son of a tradesman at Aabenvae had been a pupil of Melanchthon's at Wittemberg, and of Chytræus; then a schoolmaster, and finally settled as pastor at Medelbye, an office which he held for fifty years. The ingenuity of the adversaries of Calixtus discovered ill omens in his very name. Thus Walch insisted that it should properly be written CALrinomIXTUS; and another divine found out a inanifest identity between the name of the great Syncretist and the number of the Beast in the Apocalypse.1

His mother was the second wife of the Sleswig pastor, and some very pretty letters which she wrote in her native Platt Deutsch patois to her son when he was at school, are still extant;

1 He made it out thus: take D, signifying the title of Doctor, and the name Calixtus, write them together, and count six of the letters,-and there, sure enough, is 666: D C a LIXt Vs.

one in which, speaking of his absence, she prays that the dear God, who is Almighty, would bring him back again to her and his father;' another in which she sends him a pair of summer gloves, and promises to make the next better.' The pastor himself was, as his friends used to call him, a Latin man: he wrote in Latin, he talked in Latin, he thought in Latin; he used to write Latin epigrams to his wife and his children; their baptism and their birthdays were celebrated in Latin acrostics and chronostics. As we have said, he changed Kallisön into Calixtus, and Medelbye with him was always Medeloboa. At that time, the Concordien Formel, as we have before said, was not received in Sleswig: the pastors were under the charge of a Superintendent, and were sworn to the following six articles; 1, to believe and maintain Holy Scripture; and 2, the Three Creeds; and 3, the Confession of Augsburg, the Articles of Smalcald, and the greater and lesser Catechisms of the Holy Father and Doctor Martin Luther; 4, to embrace the Lutheran doctrine concerning the Sacrament of the Altar; 5, to oppose all teaching contrary to 2 and 3, but chiefly-6, all Anabaptists, Sacramentaries, Zuinglians, Carlostatians, Calvinists, and Bezaites. This, therefore, must have been the religious instruction of young Calixtus, both in the parsonage of Medelbye, and when, at the age of twelve, he was sent to school at Flensborg.

Helmstädt was the university selected for the young Danish student. It had been founded by Julius of Brunswick, in 1576, and was from him known officially as the Academia Julia. At that time it was the scene of a vigorous conflict between the old Lutheran party and the Humanists and Philippists, and it was to the latter faction that Calixtus joined himself. He spent six years in studies, the character and severity of which were amply shown afterwards, by his vast attainments. A journey in 1609 to Jena, Giessen, Mainz, and Tübingen, made him known to the principal Lutheran and Reformed divines; and a second tour, which occupied from 1611 to 1613, took him to Cologne, to Leyden, and to England. Here he contracted an intimacy with Isaac Casaubon, a man the most likely of all to influence a mind already disposed to ideas of a general pacification. His very

1 'Noch deutlicher aber sieht man aus dem Briefe das treue Mutterherz, welches keine grössere "Freude hat als von des Sohnes Gesundheit und seinem Wohlstande zu erfahren;" sie bittet das der liebe Gott, der allmächtig ist, ihr und seinem Vater allezeit gute Zeitung von ihm verleihen möge; bis er aus dem fremden ri Lande weder zurckwandern werde; sie und sein Vater sind noch ziemlich zufüeden nach alter Leute Weise;" sie dankt für Geschenke, und schickt ihm wieder, ein Paar Sommerhandschuh; ein andermals will sie es besser machen, jetzt soll er vorlieb nehmen, und wenn er noch etwas brauche was sie ihm verschaffen könne, soll er es schreiben; sie empfiehlt ihn dem lieben Gott, dass er ihn gesund spare nach seinem göttlichen Willen.'-Henke, p. 82,