MYCONI.

Here is but one town of 6000 souls. The inhabitants are merchants and sailors. In good years, they make from four to five thousand barrels of wine, and thirty-five chilos of barley. They raise also loupings; and the island, with its flocks, may support itself. Here they collect, of the herb orchilla, seven hundred cantars every third year. The bay is not safe, but the gulph behind the town is tolerably good. In winter their ships go to Delos, four miles distant, where there is a noble harbour.

ZEA.

Here there is but one city, with 5,500 souls. It is an hour's distance from the harbour, which is one of the best of all the islands. The principal production is valonia, of which, in a good gathering, they export 14,000 cantars. Of barley produced here, ordinarily, there are 50,000 chilos. Of wine, 7000 barrels. A little cotton is also raised in this island, a small quantity of loupings, and a little silk. Wine, on an average of fifteen years, has sold at eight piastres per barrel.

THERMIA.

Here is one town and one village, in which are counted 3,500 souls. Barley is the principal production, of which 30,000 chilos is the common harvest. They make wine, but not much. Port Collonos is good;

and there are warm

springs here, salutary in the spring and autumn.

ASTROPALIAS.

This is but a little town, with 1500 souls, who raise annually 20,000 chilos of barley, collect a small quantity of honey, and make a little wine. No port for vessels.

ANAFFI.

One village, with seven hundred souls. Here wheat is raised, but only 1,500 chilos; honey also, delicious, but not much. Here are no serpents. It has no port.

AMORGOS.

One town, and two villages, which count 2,500 souls. A little grain is raised. The inhabitants are very poor. The port is good.

ANTIPAROS.

One village, with 300 souls. The productions trifling. Between Paros and Antiparos there is a roadstead.

IV.

CRIMEA.

Present population about eighty thousand Tartars, thirty thousand Greeks, fifteen thousand Russians, besides twentyfive thousand soldiers. Before the conquest by the Russians, the number of Tartars was estimated at four hundred thousand; but by emigration, oppression, and murder, they have been reduced to eighty thousand! There are six cities, and about 300 villages. The capital is Bakserai, formerly the residence of the Grand Kam. It contains about 15,000 inhabitants, but the emigrations subsequent to the conquest have greatly impaired its opulence. There are fifteen moschs in the town, and a church dedicated to St. Nicolo, built by the Empress Katharine II. The town is not fortified. The palace is enclosed, and with the gardens may be in circumference about four English miles. The second city is Savastopolis, and is the seat of the Russian admiralty for the Black Sea. The port is good, and the fortifications are respectable.

Balak

The garrison in peace is generally about 4000 men. It is not walled, but defended by six batteries towards the sea. lava is the third city, a fortress commonly garrisoned by Greeks and Albanians in the Russian service. Their number in peace never exceeds 2,000 men. In the neighbourhood, on the top of a hill, is an antient fortress, constructed during the first ages of the Constantinopolitan Empire. It is about four miles in circumference, and therefore probably inclosed a town. A peasant once found within this inclosure four thousand gold coins, of the weight of a Venetian sequin, having on the one side the head of the Saviour, and on the other that of a Greek Emperor. Juslevai, the fourth city, is a small place, with a garrison of 1000 men. Here is a grand mosch, with a thousand and one pillars-or to avoid this Orientalism, with many pillars. It was formerly a church dedicated to St. John. Theodosia, another town, contains about 6,000 inhabitants, Turks and Greeks. There is here also a magnificent mosch, and an antient fortress. In the neighbourhood are the ruins of an antient town, destroyed, it is said, by the antient Persians. The ruins are ten miles in circumference. Theodosia is garrisoned by a thousand men. Carassoi, another city, is one of the prettiest in the peninsula. * It is situated in the midst of gardens. The inhabitants are reckoned at four thousand men. The baths are elegant. The garrison is a thousand. Aghamichel is the central residence of the tribunals of the Crimea. The garrison is commonly four thousand men. Round this city the river Salngeer runs. Yeenikalai is situated at the straits which lead into the Sea of Asoph. The garrison is a thousand. The fortress is handsome, and the church dedicated to St. Nicolo is also respectable. The soil of the Crimea is fertile, and tolerably well cultivated. It is well watered, and abounds in extensive plains. It abounds in vineyards, and makes delicate wines. The fruits are excellent of their kind. It exports annually considerable quantities of grain, sago, and Indian corn. Tobacco is also cultivated. Honey is abundant, and one of the

exports to Constantinople. Good butter and cheese are made for exportation, and wool of an ordinary quality is exported in large quantities. The inhabitants are taxed to the amount of the tenth part of their produce for the crown. There are two salt manufactories, which yield the collectors for the emperor 2,000,000 of rubles yearly. The Russians have introduced the amusement of the theatre, and other Christian pastimes, and the country is rapidly improving, but this has been accomplished at the expence of three hundred thousand souls, out of a population not supposed to have exceeded four hundred thousand. So much for military despots forcing civilization.

V.

EGYPT.

The process of sending merchandize into Egypt is as follows: The ships go to Alexandria, where they put their goods into small vessels for Rosetta, where they are again transhipped into still smaller, and sent up the Nile to Cairo.

The goods which suit the Egyptian market are, cloths of every description; muslins, fine and ordinary; silks, plain and embroidered; velvets of all kinds, red, blue, and green, indeed, of all colours; velveteens of the same description; gold and silver lace, ordinary or point d'espagne; ribbons of all kinds; shalloons of all kinds : this latter article is now much better and cheaper made in Natolia than in England. Hardwares, such as needles, shears, thimbles, knives, gun and pistol locks, sell to a great extent; handkerchiefs of all sorts and colours; a few hats ; lead, shot, and powder; buttons, of the small hawksbell form, a vast number; striped muslins, narrow for turbans, a great quantity; nankeens and printed cottops also in large quantities ; jewellery also, of all descrip

tions; watches, with Turkish dial plates; vast quantities of nails are annually consumed; and compasses with oriental characters are also suitable for the market of Grand Cairo.

The returns are rice, pearls, and precious stones; raw silk, wool, colours, grain of all kinds, cotton and cotton thread, fine flax, ivory, and hides.

The trade is managed in this way: The merchant goes to Cairo, and there sells and buys. The months of September and October are the best for doing business. But the merchant will find it advantageous to be there before his goods. He should arrive in August, and not think of departing before the middle of December. The charges on goods are trifling, and with a little management, the duties, which are considerable, may be compounded for. The freight of goods on the Nile is the main expence, and this is not great.

The proper way of managing the business is, to send a supercargo, and in no case to consign. Sales are made partly by barter, and partly for money. The intercourse from Cairo to Suez across the Desert, and from Suez to Mocha, is frequent and easy, and goods so sent do not incur heavy charges. Three hundred weight may be carried from Alexandria to Cairo, and thence across the Desert, for considerably less than five pounds sterling; a circumstance worthy of attention now that the trade to India is opened.