PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRY

1031

Upper Egypt the basin system of irrigation, i.e. the submersion at high Nile of the land to be cultivated, is adhered to.

The following table refers to the cultivation of cotton :

In 1886, 2,444 villages were occupied in the culture of cotton out of a total of 3,781; in 1889 the number was 2,685.

In the following table the agricultural condition of each of the provinces in Lower and Upper Egypt is indicated:

:

Lower Egypt:

feddans

Per 100
feddans

feddans

Per 100

Per 100 feddans

The total number of date trees which yield fruit or seed is about 3,452,674. Cattle and farm animals, including horses and camels, number 1,668,860.

The following table shows (in fed lans) the area of the several crops in 1888 and 1889:

In Lower Egypt the soil yields four crops in three years; in Upper Egypt seven crops in six years. The non-irrigated lands, owing to the failure of the Nile in 1889, amounted to 298,745 feddans.

Commerce.

The exterior commerce of Egypt, comprising imports and exports of all kinds of merchandise, is given at the following figures for five years:

The movement of specie during the same period has been

The following table shows the value of the commercial intercourse of Egypt with different foreign countries in 1887, 1888, and 1889:-

'Includes British possessions in the Mediterranean.

The percentage of Egyptian commercial intercourse with various countries in 1889 was as follows:-Great Britain, imports 36, exports 65; Mediterranean possessions, imports 19, exports 01; Eastern possessions, imports 7, exports 0·1; Austria, imports 9, exports 8; France and Algeria, imports 10, exports 7; Greece, imports 1, exports 0.3; Italy, imports 3, exports 7; Russia, imports 5, exports 7; Turkey, imports 20, exports 3. The value of the leading exports and imports of Egypt during 1887, 1888, and 1889 is shown in the following table:

Cotton.

7,542,567 6,823,311 8,547,716 Cotton goods. 1,547,570 1,409,574 1,810,820 Cotton seed. 1,277,050 1,309,743 1,453,892 | Silks, wool

Sugar
Beans
Wheat

489,893 541,168 496,795 lens, linen,
524,380 469,910 326,836 hemp, &c.
169,803 305,163 165,608 Coal

Rice

Hosiery, cloth

Indian corn.

362,805

413,242 317,711 289,597 315,088 239,589 296,950

288,540

254,202

63,214

5,678

Wine, beer, &
spirits.
Tobacco and

Statement showing the principal imports, with the percentage of the

total imports, and the percentage for each country in 1889:-

Percentage of each Article for each Country

England, 96; France, 2: Turkey, 1; other countries, 1
England, 99; other countries, 1

Austria, 35; Russia, 21; Turkey, 11; other coun-
tries, 33

Turkey, 62; Greece, 28: Med. Eng. Poss., 3: Eng-
land, 1; America, 1; other countries, 5
England, 62; France, 25; Belgium, 10; other conn- I
tries, 3

Turkey, 68; East. Brit. Poss., 18; France, 7; Eng-
land, 4; other countries, 3

France, 30; Turkey, 22; Austria, 20; England, 15; other countries, 13

Austria, 68; England, 21; France, 6; other countries, 5

East. Brit. Poss., 99; other countries, 1

Turkey, 76; Med. Brit. Poss., 8; other countries, &
Russia, 73; America, 27

England, 96; other countries, 4

East. Brit. Poss., 93; other countries, 7

Turkey, 67: Russia, 32; other countries, 1

Italy, 27; France, 25: Med. Brit. Poss., 21; Turkey, 15; other countries, 12

England, 32; Turkey, 26; France, 20; Austria, 14; other countries, 8

England, 74; France, 21; Belgium, 1; Austria, 2; other countries, 2

Turkey, 51; Italy, 18; Med. Brit. Poss., 8; England, 6; other countries, 7

Turkey, 86: Italy, 9; other countries, 5

East. Brit. Poss., 61; England, 34; other countries, 5
Russia, 90; other countries, 10

France,42; Austria, 23; Turkey, 12; England, 11;
other countries, 12

Austria, 35; France, 14; Turkey, 14; England, 16; other countries, 21

Turkey, 96; other countries, 4

Turkey, 43; Italy, 14; Russia, 12; East. Brit. Poss,

Turkey, 82; Russia, 9; other countries, 9

1

France, 48; England, 17; Russia, 15; other countries, 20

8; other countries, 23

Soap.

Turkey, 94; other countries, 6

Statement showing the principal exports, with the percentage of the total exports, and the percentage for each country :—

COMMERCE-SHIPPING AND NAVIGATION

1035

The conclusion of commercial treaties in the course of 1884 with Greece, Italy, England, United States, Portugal, and other countries has given a considerable impulse to Egyptian commerce, particularly in the tobacco trade. The receipts from tobacco were:-In 1885, £E212,267; 1886, £E304,475; 1887, £E289,000; 1888, £E332,500; 1889, £E441,000.

The subjoined statement shows the total value of the exports from Egypt to Great Britain and Ireland, and of the imports of British produce and manufactures into Egypt, in each of the five years from 1885 to 1889, according to the Board of Trade returns :—

The following table shows the principal articles of export from Egypt to Great Britain, and the principal imports from Great Britain :

236,236

117,396

1888 4,297,872 1,480,305 1889 5,704,017 1,683,767 104,002 315,358 1,270,304 828,928 134,494 141,390

£
771,712 1,402,445
761,748 1,521,005
487,400 1,478,326
462,044 1,596,310 585,852 118,900
391.375 1,401,907 609,409 142,658

£

£

£

589,493 163,104
577,286
472,643 183,359

99,976

371,233

205,922

109,431

104,220

Shipping and Navigation.

The following tables show the nationality and tonnage of vessels arriving and clearing at Alexandria. Great facilities have been afforded to steamers since the completion of the docks, wharfs, and quays; and in order to still further facilitate navigation the Government have decided upon constructing a new pass, 300 feet wide and 30 deep, to enable vessels, which have often been delayed off the Port during stormy weather, to make a direct run into harbour.

Arrivals and clearances of commercial vessels at Alexandria, 1885–89: