of soldiers who are fighting to avenge them; the Lord of heathen rebels, the Lord of India and Lord of England, and Lord of Earth and Heaven, and yet He governs all right well, and will govern till He has put all enemies under His feet. . . .” While preparing for the press a volume of poems, which he had promised for Christmas, he was suddenly called upon for an article on Sanitary reform, and he writes to Mr. J. Parker, his publisher: Of course I will do it. A bit of sanitary reform work is a sacred duty, from which I dare no more turn away than from knocking down a murderer whom I saw killing a woman. However, if I do-no poems at Christmas, young man; remember that. . . . I will throw my whole soul into it, please God, and forget India in Cholera. That's better than rhyming, surely." TO REV. GEORGE HENSLOWE. [Who had written to him as to the possibility of a sense of humour in the Creator.] EVERSLEY: Sept. 11, 1857.-"I cannot see how your notions can be gainsayed, save by those who have a lurking belief that God is the Devil, after all-a sort of unjust and exacting Zeus, against whom they would rebel if they had Prometheus' courage but not having that, must flatter him instead. "The matter presents itself to me thus. I see humour in animals, eg., a crab and a monkey, a parrot, a crow. I don't find this the result of a low organisation. In each of these four cases the animal is of the highest belonging to his class. Well; there the fact is; if I see it, God must see it also, or I must have more insight than God into God's own works. Q. E. Abs. Then comes a deeper question. God sees it but is He affected by it? I think we could give no answer to this, save on the ground of a Son of God, who is that image of the Father in whom man is created. If the New Testament be true, we have a right to say of humour, as of all 1857.] WHY HAVE ASSOCIATIONS FAILED? 65 other universally human faculties-Hominus est = Ergo Christi est Ergo Dei est. = "I must accept this in its fulness, to whatever seemingly startling and dangerous result it may lead me, or my theology and my anthropology part company, and then, being philosophically unable to turn Manichee (whether Calvinist or Romanist), the modern Pantheism would be the only alternative; from which homeless and bottomless pit of immoral and unphilosophical private judgment may God deliver us and all mankind. And you will see that into that Pantheism men will rush more and more till they learn to face the plain statement of the creed, 'And He was made man,' and the Catholic belief, that as the Son of man, He sits now év (Toîs) oỷpavoîs, and on the very throne of God. Face the seemingly coarse anthropomorphism of the Old Testament, and believe that the New Testament so far from narrowing it, widens and deepens it. This is my only hope and stay, while I see belief and practice alike rocking and reeling to decay. May God keep it alive in me and in you, recollecting always that to do the simple right thing which lies at our feet, is better than to have ascended into the third heaven, and to have all yvôous and all. mysteries." To J. Bullar, Esq.]—"I am glad you have broached a subject with which I now never trouble any one. That'associations' are a failure, because the working-men are not fit for them, I confess. That any law of political economy or of nature has been broken by them, or by Mr. Maurice, is what. I never could perceive. . "The being who merely obeys the laws of nature is ipso facto a brute beast. The privilege of a man is to counteract (not break) one law of nature by another. In the exercise of that. power stands all art, invention, polity, progress. . "Now what I complain of in political economy up to this. time-what, indeed, earned for it Fourier's bitter epithet of the 'Science du néant.' It says, There are laws of nature concerning economy, therefore you must leave them alone to do what they like with you and society! Just as if I were to say, You got the cholera by laws of nature, therefore you must submit to cholera; you walk on the ground by laws of nature, therefore you must never go up stairs. Indeed, I am inclined to deny to political economy, as yet, the name of a science. It is as yet merely in its analytic stage; explaining the causes of phenomena which already exist. To be a true science, it must pass on into the synthetic stage, and learn how, by using the laws which it has discovered, and counteracting them by others when necessary, to produce new forms of society. As yet political economy has produced nothing. It has merely said 'Laissez-faire!' "Now, I am not complaining of it. I consider the analytic work of the political economists of the last hundred years as invaluable. It forms the subject-matter for all future social science, and he who is ignorant of it builds on air. I only complain of their saying, 'You must not attempt to counteract these laws. You must allow chance and selfishness to rule the fortunes of the human race.' And this they do say. "Now, as for any schemes of Maurice's or mine-it is a slight matter whether they have failed or not. But this I say, because I believe that the failure of a hundred schemes would not alter my conviction, that they are attempts in the right direction; and I shall die in hope, not having received the promises, but beholding them afar off, and confessing myself a stranger and a pilgrim in a world of laissez-faire. For it is my belief that not self-interest, but self-sacrifice, is the only law upon which human society can be grounded with any hope of prosperity and permanence. That self-interest is a law of nature I know well. That it ought to be the root law of human society I deny, unless society is to sink down again into a Roman empire, and a cage of wild beasts. . . . I shall resist it, as I do any other snare of the devil; for if I once believed it I must carry it out. I must give up all which I have learnt most precious concerning political freedom, all which keeps me ccntent with the world, because I look forward to a nobler state of humanity; and I must become as thorough a despotist 1857.] EXPERIENCE FROM FAILURE. 67 and imperialist as Strafford himself. . . . So I am content to have failed. I have learned in the experiment priceless truths concerning myself, my fellow-men, and the City of God, which is eternal in the heavens, for ever coming down among men, and actualizing itself more and more in every succeeding age. I see one work to be done ere I die, in which (men are beginning to discover) Nature must be counteracted, lest she prove a curse and a destroyer, not a blessing and a mother; and that is, Sanitary Reform. Politics and political economy may go their way for me. If I can help to save the lives of a few thousand working people and their children, I may earn the blessing of God." "Mind I am not dogmatising," he says to the same friend. "I only know that I know nothing, but with a hope that Christ, who is the Son of Man, will tell me piece-meal, if I be patient and watchful, what I am, and what man is." CHAPTER XVII. -- 1858. AGED 39. -- LETTER EVERSLEY WORK DIPHTHERIA LECTURES AND SERMONS AT ALDERSHOT-BLESSING THE COLOURS OF THE 22ND REGIMENT STAFF COLLEGE ADVANCED THINKERS FROM COLONEL STRANGE - ESAU AND JACOB-POEMS AND SANTA MAURA-BIRTH OF HIS SON GRENVILLE-SECOND VISIT TO YORKSHIRE-CorresponDENCE WITH MR. HULLAH ON SONGS-THE LAST BUCCANEER LETTERS ON MIRACLES TO WILLIAM COPE-A HAPPY CHRISTMAS. SIR "He was what he was, not by virtue of his office, but by virtue of what God had made him in himself. He was, we might almost say, a layman in the guise or disguise of a clergyman-fishing with the fishermen, hunting with the huntsmen, able to hold his own in tent and camp, with courtier or with soldier; an example that a genial companion may be a Christian gentleman-that a Christian clergyman need not be a member of a separate caste, and a stranger to the common interests of his countrymen. Yet, human genial layman as he was, he still was not the less-nay, he was ten times more-a pastor than he would have been had he shut himself out from the haunts and walks of men. He was sent by Providence, as it were, 'far off to the Gentiles'-far off, not to other lands or other races of mankind, but far off from the usual sphere of minister or priest, 'to fresh woods and pastures new,' to find fresh worlds of thoughts and wild tracts of character, in which he found a response to himself, because he gave a response to them.” A. P. STANLEY (Funeral Sermon on Canon Kingsley). "Yet he was courteous still to every wight, SPENSER. THIS was a year of severe work and anxiety, for he could not afford a curate, and diphtheria, then a new |