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I.

came. I was lucky enough to have friends with whom I could spend the day; but others, less fortunate, ate their turkey and cranberries at Memorial Hall.

The American Ethnographical Exhibition, as planned by Professor Putnam, is intended to present a living picture of the actual home life of typical native peoples in different parts of America, from the Arctic regions to the island of Tierra del Fuego. With the co-operation of the United States Indian Office, many tribes of the United States Indians will be represented, and will take their proper place among the native peoples of America.

The brakeman on our car, who was evidently a new hand at the business, had not yet acquired the brusqueness of his trade. He kept going through the car, opening ventilators and windows and shutting blinds whenever he thought he could thereby increase the comfort of the passengers. His thoughtfulness called forth much favorable comment.

I shall merely try to give a short sketch of those features of the social condition of France which have most impressed me. I shall emphasize the wide class distinctions. I shall speak of

II.

when I was lucky enough to have friends with whom I spent the day; while the less fortunate ones ate their turkey and cranberries at Memorial Hall.

The American Ethnographical Exhibition, as planned by Professor Putnam, is intended to present a living picture of the actual home life of typical native peoples in different parts of America from the Arctic regions to the Island of Tierra del Fuego, including many tribes of the United States Indians which will be represented, with the coöperation of the United States Indian office, and take their proper place among the native peoples of America.

The brakeman on our car was evidently a new hand at the business and had not yet acquired the brusqueness of his trade, for he kept going through the car opening ventilators and windows and shutting blinds, whenever he thought the comfort of the passengers could thereby be increased, until he had attracted considerable favorable comment on his thoughtfulness.

I shall merely try to give a short sketch of the chief features of the social condition of France which have most impressed me, emphasizing the wide class distinctions, and showing some of

I.

some of the oppressive and vexatious burdens under which the people struggled.

Meanwhile, its progress must be watched with interest by every student of political science, and by every alert citizen of the United States. To the student of political science it offers a rare opportunity to study the foundation of a new government, — and rarer still, of a new form of government. To the citizen it is interesting because it shows a people, akin to himself, trying to gain peacefully under the crown what his forefathers a hundred years ago gained by revolt from the crown and by war.

To return to the subject of Mr. Collins and Miss Bennet. When she refuses this prim and conventional lover, it is amusing to see his mingled surprise and wrath. His feeling is so evenly divided between the two that one can hardly tell which is predominant. At last, his anger getting the better of his surprise, with a look of contempt he stalks proudly out of the room.

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In deciding between LONG and SHORT SENTENCES, a writer should consider both what he has to say, and who his readers are likely to be.

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This example shows a periodic and a loose sentence side by side. The periodic sentence (given under I.) holds the thought in suspense from the beginning to the end; the loose sentence (given under II.) might, so far as grammatical construction is concerned, end at “race." In other words, the periodic sentence is not a sentence until the end is reached, for till then it does not express a complete thought; the loose sentence would, if it stopped at "race," express a complete thought.

Advantages of the Periodic Sentence. In sentences which are so short and so simple in construction that a reader of ordinary intelligence catches the meaning at once, the periodic form is usually preferable to the loose.

I. P.

Even in his own mind, he did not dare to form a guess.

Without being told, he brought me two plates of steak.

So far as the spectators were concerned, it was a poor day for the race.

As the lecture is both long and important, I hope you will come early.

II. L.

He did not dare to form a guess even in his own mind.

He brought me two plates of steak without being told.

It was a poor day for the race as far as the spectators were concerned.

You will come early, I hope, as the lecture is long and important.

I.

The concerts are both pleasing to ordinary hearers and instructive to students of music.

II.

The concerts are pleasing to ordinary hearers as well as instructive to students of music.

In each of these examples, the periodic form (given under I.) is preferable to the loose form (given under II.).

In the last periodic sentence, "both" leads the reader to expect a second phrase beginning with "and;" in the loose sentence, the phrase "as well as instructive to students of music" comes in as an afterthought.

Other examples are ·

I.

Lord Tennyson's fancy is not only graceful and humorous, but is always and conspicuously tender.

They talk more for the fun of the fray and the joy of contradiction than in order to listen to what may be said on the other side.

Though there were ten eggs in the nest, only one chicken was hatched.

Bitter as the moment was to the blood-thirsty old man, the command was one which he dared not disobey.

Having read in the late eclipse of the moon signs that we should not score in the game with Yale, I did not go to Springfield. As there were only a few men in the great room, the professor omitted his usual lecture.

II.

Lord Tennyson's fancy is always and conspicuously ten- . der, as well as graceful and humorous.

They talk for the fun of the fray and the joy of contradiction rather than in order really to listen to what may be said against them.

There were ten eggs in the nest, but only one chicken was hatched.

It was a bitter moment to the

blood-thirsty old man, but it was a command he dared not disobey.

I had read signs in the late eclipse of the moon that we should not score against Yale, so I did not go to Springfield. There were but a knot of men in the great room, so the professor omitted his usual lecture.

I.

As I didn't know anybody there, I made up my mind that eating would be the most profitable means of killing time.

II.

I did n't know anybody there, so I had come to the conclusion that eating would be the most profitable way of passing the time.

The last two passages as originally written exemplify a way of putting things which is characteristic of unpractised writers. "So" does not unite the two clauses which it appears to connect; it is hardly a stepping-stone from one to the other.

I.

Although we must admit that in athletic contests success has a real value, in that it keeps up an interest in the sports and thus encourages exercise, it is not the sole aim.

II.

Success in athletic contests is not the sole aim sought, although we must admit that it has a real value in keeping up an interest in the sports and so encouraging exercise.

In this example, the periodic is preferable to the loose form, not only because, by suspending the sense, it enables the reader to grasp the meaning of the sentence as a whole, but also because it is so arranged as to lay stress on "not the sole aim," the emphatic words.1

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