PART II.

SELECTIONS

From the Publications of Pestalozzi.

I. LEONARD AND GERTRUDE; or a Book for the People. As first published in

German in 1781,

Notice of subsequent additions,

The School in Bonnal,

II. CHRISTOPHER AND ALICE,

9

135

137

151

School and Home Education compared,

151

III. THE EVENIN HOUR OF A HERMIT.

The Programme or Key to Pestalozzi's Edu

cational Labors. First published in German in 1780,

154

on the 24th of December, 1810,

V. NEW YEARS ADDRESS, 1808,

IV. A CHRISTMAS EVE DISCOURSE. Delivered by Pestalozzi to his Family School

VI. SEVENTY-SECOND BIRTHDAY ADDRESS. .

Pestalozzi, account of his educational experience,
Methods of Elementary Instruction,

Modifications of, by British Home and Colonial Infant and Juvenile Sch'l Society, 217 VIII. PATERNAL INSTRUCTIONS. A Bequest of Father Pestalozzi to his Pupils. Edited by Krusi. Extracts,

228

166

175

178

171

183

185

189

PREFACE.

THE choice of selections from the works of Pestalozzi is rendered difficult by the character of the mind that produced them. Taken as a whole, they display remarkable powers of observation, considerable insight into the operations of the mind and feelings, great appreciation of character, and a graphic and forcible style. But to select from their whole extent portions which shall give a connected view of his principles, is almost impossible, from the fact that his mind was strongly intuitional in tendency and habit, and rapid and impulsive in action, and that his powers of reflection, combination, and logical expression were not correspondingly great. Thus he often said too much or too little; was contradictory or inconsistent; and has nowhere, even where expressly undertaking to do it, as in "How Gertrude Teaches Her Children," given an adequate presentation of his principles or practice.

"Leonard and Gertrude" is presented as the book which, more than any other one work, was the foundation of Pestalozzi's fame, and as in itself to the present generation a new and interesting picture of life in the German Swiss villages of the last half of the last century. It has also additional value as containing many of the author's views on educational and social questions, although diffused throughout the work.

A brief extract from "Christopher and Alice" is given, sufficient to exhibit the mode of treatment of the subject. The work was comparatively a failure, and has moreover little interest to readers in this country and this age, being closely and exclusively local in aim.

"The Evening Hour of a Hermit" is termed by Karl von Raumer "the key of Pestalozzi's educational views." And Pestalozzi himself observed, in his old age, that even at the early date of its composition, he had already arrived at the fundamental principles which controlled the labors and expositions of all his subsequent life.

The various addresses from which extracts are next given are interesting as affording a view of one mode of communication between Pestalozzi and his associates. They are doubtless freer and more spontaneous expressions of his peculiar modes of thought and feeling than his more formal expositions.

"How Gertrude Teaches Her Children" was intended by Pestalozzi to give a logical and connected view of his methods of instruction, in

some detail. The extracts presented embody the most important portion of the work, and exhibit also some of his characteristic defects in arrangement and exposition.

The extracts from the "Paternal Instructions" are valuable as a specimen of a mode of combining instruction in language with sound lessons in morals; upon a principle which Pestalozzi carried very far in theory, and to a great extent in practice; namely, that of teaching through one and the same vehicle, if possible, in the departments both of intellect and morals.

The London translation of "Leonard and Gertrude," with corrections, has been followed in that work, except in the extracts added from the subsequently written part of the book. The liberty has been taken of extracting from Dr. Biber's valuable biography of Pestalozzi, his translation from "Christopher and Alice," and from the "Paternal Instructions." The "Evening Hour of a Hermit," the extracts from the second part of "Leonard and Gertrude," and from "How Gertrude Teaches Her Children," and the several addresses of Pestalozzi, were translated by FREDERICK B. PERKINS, Esq., of Hartford, Librarian of the Connecticut Historical Society; and are from Cotta's edition of Pestalozzi's works, Von Raumer's "History of Education," or Christoffel's "Life and Views.”

LEONARD AND GERTRUDE.