d'être ravagés

of to-be ravaged

par Charles
by Charles

Douze,

Twelve,

of having their country laid waste by Charles the Twelfth,

justement outragé, ils ne formèrent qu'un cri

formed

than one

cry

justly outraged, they not
justly exasperated, they were unanimous in their outcry

contre la guerre,
against the
against the

war,

war,

qu'ils crurent déclarée à euxwhich they believed declared to themwhich they believed to be declared against

mêmes plus qu'à la Suède.

same

more than to the Sweden.

Ils regardèrent les

They

regarded the themselves rather than against Sweden. They regarded the

Saxons et les Moscovites comme les instrumens de

contre
against

leur

de la Lithuanie, ils éclatèrent of the Lithuania, they broke-forth of Lithuania, they burst out into open hostility to their

their

souverain, avec d'autant plus de liberté qu'il étoit sovereign, with of so-much more of liberty that he + was sovereign, freedom, because he was

Deux partis divisoient alors la Lithuanie, celui
Two parties † divided

then the Lithuania; that-he Two parties at this time divided Lithuania,

des Princes Sapieha et celui d'Oginsky. of-the Princes Sapieha and that-he of Oginsky. of the Princes Sapieha and that of Oginsky.

ces troubles et le défaut d'argent réduisoient à un these troubles and the defect of money these troubles and want of money had reduced to a

+ reduced to a

petit nombre, étoit en partie dispersée par le vainlittle number, t was in part dispersed by the vicsmall number, was partly dispersed by the con

queur. Le peu qui tenoit pour le Roi de Pologne

tor.

The little which held for the King of Poland quered. The few who adhered to the King of Poland

étoit séparé en petits + was separated into little were broken up into small

corps de troupes fugitives, troops fugitive, fugitive

bodies of
bands of

qui erroient dans la campagne,

who + wandered in the

country,

troops,

et subsistoient de

and † subsisted

of

who wandered over the country, and subsisted on

rapines. Auguste ne voyoit en Lithuanie que de

rapines.

Augustus not + saw in plunder. Augustus found

l'impuissance dans son

the impotence feebleness

in

in

Lithuania than of Lithuania only

parti, de la haine dans

his

party, in his own party,

of the hatred in hatred from

ses sujets, et une armée ennemie conduite par un

Il y avoit à la vérité en Pologne une armée; mais

an army;

but

It is true there was an army in Poland; but

au lieu d'être de trente-six mille hommes, nomto-the place of to-be of thirty-six thousand instead of consisting of thirty-six thousand

men,

num

men, the num

of eighteen

bre prescrit par les lois, elle n'étoit pas de dix-huit ber prescribed by the laws, she not t was ber prescribed by law, it did not amount to eighteen mille. Non-seulement elle étoit mal payée et mal she + was ill paid and ill

thousand.

Not

only thousand. Not only

armée, mais ses généraux ne savoient armed, but her generals not + knew

paid and ill

armed, but its generals knew not as yet what

bility of him to-follow ; bility to follow him;

à un refus qui

s'exposer himself to-expose

did not dare to expose himself

trop découvert, et par

to a refusal which might-have too-much discovered, and by

to a refusal which would have revealed too much, and con

conséquent augmenté sa foiblesse.

consequence augmented his weakness. sequently increased his weakness.

Dans cet état de trouble et d'incertitude, tous les In this state of trouble and of uncertainty, all the In this state of anxiety and uncertainty,

palatinats du royaume demandoient

palatinates of-the kingdom

palatinates of the kingdom unanimously demanded of the King

une diète, de même qu'en Angleterre, dans les temps

a diet, of same
a diet, just as

that in England,
in England

in the times in times of

difficiles, tous les corps de l'état présentent des

all the bodies

of the state

difficult, difficulty, the several bodies of the state

present
present

to-convoke

of-the

adresses au Roi pour le prier de convoquer un paraddresses to-the King for him to-pray of addresses to the King, praying him

to assemble

a par

a par

lement. Auguste avoit plus besoin d'une armée Augustus + had more

liament.

want more in want

des rois sont

of-the kings are of the kings are

fallut bien cependant

was-necessary well nevertheless

qu'il la

that he her

discussed. It was, nevertheless, absolutely necessary for him to

convoquât, pour ne point aigrir la nation sans retour. might-convoke, for not

to-sour the nation without return.

convoke it, if he would not irremediably disgust the nation.

It was therefore appointed to be held at Warsaw on the

second de Décembre, mille sept cent
second of December, thousand seven hundred
second of December, seventeen hundred and one.

one.

Au

pour

s'apperçut bientôt que Charles Douze avoit himself perceived well-soon that Charles gustus soon perceived that Charles the Twelfth had at

le moins autant de pouvoir que lui dans cette as

semblée. Ceux qui tenoient pour les Sapieha, les

Lubomirskys and their friends, the palatine Lubomirskys and their friends, the

trésorier de la couronne, et sur-tout les partisans

treasurer

of the treasurer to the

crown, crown,

and over-all the partisans and, above all, the

partisans

tachés au Roi de Suède.

tached to-the King of Sweden. tached to the King of Sweden.

Le plus considérable de ses partisans, et le plus

The most
The most

considerable

of his partisans, and the most considerable of his partisans, and the most

qu'eût le Roi de

Pologne,

dangereux ennemi qu'eût dangerous enemy that might-have the King of Poland, dangerous enemy of the King of

Poland,

étoit le Cardinal Radjowski, archevêque de Gnesne, + was the Cardinal Radjowski,

was

archbishop of Gnesna, Cardinal Radjowski, archbishop of Gnesna,

primat du royaume, et président de la diète. primate of-the kingdom, and president of the diet. primate of the kingdom, and president of the diet.

rité dans sa conduite,

entièrement gouverné par une entirely governed by а lation in his conduct, entirely governed by an

rity in his conduct,

dam the Cardinaless, dame la Cardinale, who incessantly

ser à l'intrigue et à la faction. push to the intrigue and to the faction. into intrigue and

du primat

urged him

L'habileté

The

ability

faction. The ability for which consistoit, dit-on, à profiter + consisted, says one, to to-profit the primate was remarkable, is said to have consisted in taking

of-the primate

des

of-the

conjonctures, sans chercher à les faire conjunctures, without to-seek

to them to-make

advantage of conjunctures, without seeking to give them

VOL. I.

X