artisans de toute espèce l'y suivirent en foule. On sort him there followed in crowd. One followed him in crowds. artisans of every artisans of every description vit pour la première fois de grands vaisseaux Mos saw for the first time of great vessels Mus Large Russian vessels were seen, for the first time, covites sur la Mer Noire, dans la Baltique, et dans covite upon the Sea Black, in the Baltic, and in in the Black Sea, in the Baltic, and l'Océan. Des bâtimens d'une architecture régulière the Ocean. Of-the buildings of an the Ocean. architecture regular Buildings of a regular and noble et noble furent élevés au milieu des huttes Rus were and noble siennes. RusRussian Il établit des collèges, des académies, des sian. He established of-the colleges, of-the academies, of-the huts. He established academies, colleges, imprimeries, des bibliothèques ; les villes furent printing-offices, of-the libraries; the cities were printing-presses, and libraries; a police was organized policées; les habillemens, les coutumes, chansubjected-to-police; the clothes, in the cities; the dress, gèrent peu-à-peu, quoiqu'avec difficulté. Les Mosged little to little, although with difficulty. gradually, though with difficulty, changed. The MusThe Mus covites connurent par degrés ce que c'est que la by degrees that which that is that the learned by degrees what society société. Les superstitions mêmes furent abolies; la society. is. even were abolished; the The superstitions dignité de patriarche fut éteinte; le Czar se dignity of patriarch was extinguished ; the Czar himself dignity of patriarch was abolished; and the Czar declared entreprise, qui auroit coûté le trône et la vie à un enterprise, which would-have cost the throne and the life to a enterprise, which would have cost a less absolute sove prince moins absolu, réussit less absolute, succeeded presque sans almost without prince reign his throne and his life, was carried through almost without Après avoir abaissé un clergé ignorant et barbare, After to-have abased a clergy ignorant and barbarous, After he had humbled an ignorant and barbarous clergy, il osa essayer de l'instruire, of him to-instruct, he ventured to try to instruct them, il risqua de le rendre he risked of him to-render instruction ran the risk of rendering them et par-là même and by - there even and by that very redoutable; mais il se croyoit assez puissant pour ne le pas craindre. he himself + believed enough powerful for he thought himself sufficiently powerful to defy them. * nor him to-fear. Il a fait enseigner dans le peu de cloîtres qui He has made to-teach in the few of cloisters which In the few monasteries that remained, he caused restent, la philosophie et la théologie. remain, the philosophy and the theology. Il est It is philosophy and theology to be taught. It is vrai que cette théologie tient encore de ce temps true that this theology true that this sauvage dont savage from-which holds still of this time theology still retained a tincture of that Pierre Alexiowitz a retiré l'huma barbarism from which Peter Alexiowitz has drawn the humaextricated man nité. Un homme digne de foi m'a assuré qu'il avoit that he had nity. A kind. A man man worthy of faith to-me has assured was assisté à une thèse publique, où il s'agissoit de savoir assisted to a thesis public, present åt a public thesis, where it itself + acted of to-know where it was debated whether si l'usage du tabac à fumer étoit un péché. Le ré if the use sin. sin. The re The per s'enivrer pondant prétendoit qu'il étoit permis de spondent + pretended that it was permitted of oneself to-intoxicate son who replied maintained that it was lawful to get drunk d'eau-de-vie, mais non de fumer, parceque la très of water-of-life, with brandy, but not of to-smoke, but not to smoke, sainte Écriture dit, que ce qui sort holy Scripture says, that that which goes-out holy because the very because the de la bouche from the mouth Scripture says, that which cometh out of the mouth de l'homme le souille, et que ce qui y entre ne le of the man of man not him him defiles, and that that which there enters defileth him, but that which goeth in defileth Les moines ne furent pas contens de la réforme : The monks not were The monks contented of the reform: were discontented with these reforms; à peine le Czar eut-il établi des imprimeries, hardly the Czar had he established of-the printing-offices, had the Czar established s'en themselves of-them imprimèrent printed made use printed books asserting that he their the preuves étoient, qu'il ôtoit la barbe aux vivans, proofs + were, that he took-away the beard to-the living, proofs of which were, that he deprived the living of their beards, et qu'on faisoit dans son académie des dissections and that one † made in academy of-the dissections and that dissections of the dead were performed in his de quelques morts. Mais un autre moine, qui But But an other monk, who another monk, who fortune, réfuta ce livre, et dé fortune, to make his fortune, ceque le nombre six cents soixante-six n'étoit pas six hundred sixty six not + was cause the number six hundred and sixty-six was not to be found cause the number dans son nom. L'auteur du libelle fut roué, in his name. The author of-the libel was broken-on-the-wheel, in his name. The author of the libel was broken on the wheel, et celui de la réfutation fut fait évêque de Rezan. Le réformateur de la Moscovie a sur-tout porté Muscovy has over all carried of Russia introduced one law pre-eminent The reformer reformer of the une loi sage, qui fait honte à beaucoup d'états a law wise, which makes shame to many of states for its wisdom, which puts to shame many more civilized policés ; c'est qu'il n'est permis à aucun homme subjected-to-police; this is that it not is permitted to any it is, that no man in the service of the states; man au service de l'état, ni à un bourgeois établi, ni sur to-the service of the state, nor to a burgher established, nor overstate, no established citizen, and especially no minor, tout à un mineur, de passer dans un cloître. all to a minor, of to-pass into a cloister. a cloister. Ce prince comprit combien il importe de ne point of not not are-able to-be consacrer à l'oisiveté des sujets qui peuvent être to-consecrate to the idleness of-the subjects who to devote to idleness subjects who jamais de sa liberté dans un âge où qu'on dispose à that one may-dispose to a man to dispose of l'on ne peut disever of one's liberty in an age where the one not is-able to-dishis liberty for ever, at an age when he cannot dis poser de la moindre partie de sa fortune. Cependant least pose of the pose of the smallest l'industrie des moines élude tous les jours cette loi of-the monks eludes all the days this law the industry of the monks daily evades this law the industry faite pour le bien de l'humanité, made for the good of the humanity, made for the good of mankind, comme si les moines as as if the monks if they had a gagnoient en effet à peupler les cloîtres aux dépens + gained in effect to people the cloisters to-the expense positive interest in peopling the cloisters at the expense de la patrie. of the country. of their country. Le Czar n'a pas assujetti seulement l'église à l'état, The Czar not has * subjected The Czar not only the church to the state, only subjected the church to the state, politique, il a détruit une milice semblable à celle politician, he has destroyed a soldiery similar political wisdom, destroyed a soldiery similar to to that des janissaires; et ce que les Ottomans ont vaineof-the janizaries; and that which the Ottomans have vainthe janizaries; and what the Ottomans vain ment tenté, il l'a exécuté en peu de temps; il a disly attempted, he it has executed in little of time; he has disly attempted, he speedily executed; he broke |