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tenoient les Czars en tutelle. Cette

† held the Czars in tutelage.

held the Czars in subjection.

This

This

milice, plus

soldiery, more force, more

formidable à ses maîtres qu'à ses voisins, étoit com

formidable to her masters

than to her neighbours, † was comformidable to its masters than to its neighbours, was com

posée d'environ trente mille hommes de pied, dont

posed
posed of about thirty thousand

of about thirty thousand men

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of foot, of-which infantry, half

et l'autre étoit

and the other + was while the rest were

Un strélitz n'avoit que

A strelitz not + had than

The pay of a strelitz was only mais des privilèges,

quatre roubles par an de paie;

four roubles by year of pay; but of-the privileges, four roubles a year;

but

privileges,

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pas de commencer par être tambour, et d'en faire les

of

to-begin

to begin

fonctions;

by to-be

as a

drummer,, and of of-it to-do the drummer, and perform the

tant la nation avoit besoin d'exemple.

functions; so-much the nation + had want of example. duties of one; so greatly did the nation stand in need of examples.

Il fit petit à petit de nouveaux régimens; et enfin

He made little to little of

He gradually formed

se sentant maître de

himself feeling master of
feeling himself master of

new

new

regiments; and at-last regiments; and at length

troupes disciplinées, il cassa disciplined, he broke

troops

disciplined troops, he broke les strélitz, qui n'osèrent désobéir. La cavalerie

the strelitz, who not dared the strelitz, who dared not

to-disobey.
resist.

The cavalry 'The cavalry

étoit à peu près ce qu'est la cavalerie Polonoise, et

† was to little

cavalry

Polish, and

that which is the near was nearly the samé as the Polish now is, and

ce qu'étoit autrefois la Françoise, quand le royaume

that which † was other-time the French, the

when the kingdom

French formerly was, when the kingdom

de France n'étoit qu'un assemblage de fiefs. Les

of France nott was than an

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assemblage

only a collection

of fiefs. The of fiefs. The

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sans autres armes qu'un sabre ou un carquois; in

without other arms with no other arms

than a sabre or

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than a sabre or a quiver; in

capables d'être commandés, et par conséquent de

capable of to-be

commanded, and by consequence of

capable of submitting to command, and, consequently, of

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qualité de soldat et d'officier subalterne, et punissoit

quality of soldier and of officer subaltern, and† punished the rank of a private and of a subaltern officer, while, as Czar, he

rigoureusement en Czar les boyards, c'est-à-dire, les rigorously punished

rigorously

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privilège

that the

privilege

gentilshommes, qui prétendoient que le

gentlemen, who † pretended

gentlemen, who pretended

that they were exempted

de la noblesse étoit de ne servir l'état qu'à leur of the nobility † was of not to-serve the state than at their by the privilege of birth from serving the state otherwise than at

volonté.

will.

their own pleasure.

servir l'artillerie,

He established

a

for

Il établit un corps régulier pour
body regular for
He established a regular corps
et prit cinq cents

to-serve the artillery, and took five hundreds
the artillery service, and took five hundred

églises pour fondre des canons.

churches for to-found of-the cannons. churches to cast as

cannon.

cloches aux

bells to-the bells from the

II a eu treize
He has had thirteen
In the year seventeen

mille canons de fonte en l'année mille sept cents thousand cannons of cast-metal in the year thousand seven hundred hundred and fourteen he had thirteen thousand pieces of brass

quatorze. II a formé aussi des corps de dragons,

fourteen.

He has formed also of-the bodies of dragoons, cannon. He also formed some dragoon corps, a sort of

milice très convenable au génie des Moscovites, et à soldiery very suitable to-the genius of-the Muscovites, and to force very suitable to the character of the Russians, and to

la forme de leurs chevaux, qui sont petits. La Mos

the form of their

horses, which are small. the form of their horses, which are small.

The Mus

covie avoit, en mille sept cents trente-huit, trente † had, in thousand seven hundreds thirty eight, thirty In seventeen hundred and thirty-eight, Russia had thirty

covy

mille hommes chacun,

régimens de dragons, de
regiments of dragoons, of thousand
regiments of dragoons, of a thousand

men men

each-one, each,

bien entretenus. C'est lui qui a établi les Houssards

well maintained.

well appointed.

It is he who has established the Hussars
It was he also who introduced
Hussars

en Russie. Enfin il a eu jusqu'à une école d'in

in Russia. At-last he has had until to

into Russia. He at length even established

a

school of en

a

school of en

génieurs dans un pays où personne ne savoit avant

a

gineers in country where nobody not knew before gineers in a country where nobody before his time

lui les élémens de la géométrie.

him the elements of the geometry. knew even the elements of geometry.

Il étoit bon ingénieur lui-même, mais sur-tout il

Het was

good engineer He was a good engineer

him-same,

but over all he

himself, but above all he

excelloit dans tous les arts de la marine; bon capi

† excelled in all the arts of the marine; excelled

in all the nautical arts';

сар

good he was a good

taine de vaisseau, habile pilote, bon matelot, adroit

expert

tain of ship, able pilot, good sailor, captain of a ship, an able pilot, a good sailor, an expert

charpentier, et d'autant plus estimable dans ces arts,

carpenter, and of so-much more estimable

carpenter, and the more admirable in the attainment of these arts, in these arts,

qu'il étoit né avec une crainte extrême de l'eau.

a

that he was born with
as he was born with an

dread

extreme

of the water. extreme dread of the water.

Il ne pouvoit dans sa jeunesse passer sur un pont

He

:

not was-able in his youth In

his

to-pass over

youth he could not cross

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sans frémir; il faisoit fermer alors les volets de bois without to-shudder; he made to-shut then the shutters of wood without shuddering, and always shut the wooden blinds

de son carrosse; le courage et le génie domptèrent en of his carriage; the courage and the genius

of his carriage;

subdued

courage and genius conquered

lui cette foiblesse machinale.

him this weakness mechanical. this constitutional weakness.

in

Il fit construire un beau port auprès d'Azoph, à

He made to-construct He constructed

a

at

beautiful port to-the-near of Azoph, a beautiful port near Azoph, at

l'embouchure du Tanaïs; il vouloit y entretenir des

the mouth of-the Tanais; het willed there to-maintain of-the the mouth of the Tanais; he wished to station galleys

VOL. I.

I

galères; et dans la suite croyant que ces vaisseaux

and in the sequel believing that these

galleys;
there; and thinking, subsequently, that these

vessels

long,

longs, plats et légers devoient réussir dans la Mer

flat

† ought and light

long, flat, and light vessels

Baltic,

to-succeed in the Sea were calculated to succeed in the Bal

en a fait construire plus de trois he of-them has made to-construct more caused more than three hundred to

Baltique, il
tic Sea, he
cents dans sa
hundreds
in his
be built in his

He has

shown

of three

ville favorite de Pétersbourg.
city favourite
of Petersbourg.
favourite city of Petersburg.

l'art de les bâtir avec
of them to-build with

the art

Il a montré à ses sujets to his subjects He instructed his subjects in the art of building them with du simple sapin, et celui de and that fir, of-the simple deal alone, and in that of navigating them. He

les conduire. Il avoit

of them to-conduct. He + had

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Les finances du Czar étoient à la vérité peu de

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of-the Czar The finances of the Czar

† were

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were, indeed, very small

chose, par rapport à l'immensité de ses états; il n'a

thing, by

relation to the immensity

of his states; he not has

in relation to the immensity of his states; he jamais eu vingt-quatre millions de revenu, à compter

never

had

of

revenue,

to to-count

twenty-four millions never had a revenue of twenty-four millions, reckoning

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