1 tenoient les Czars en tutelle. Cette † held the Czars in tutelage. held the Czars in subjection. This This milice, plus soldiery, more force, more formidable à ses maîtres qu'à ses voisins, étoit com formidable to her masters than to her neighbours, † was comformidable to its masters than to its neighbours, was com posée d'environ trente mille hommes de pied, dont posed of about thirty thousand men of foot, of-which infantry, half et l'autre étoit and the other + was while the rest were Un strélitz n'avoit que A strelitz not + had than The pay of a strelitz was only mais des privilèges, quatre roubles par an de paie; four roubles by year of pay; but of-the privileges, four roubles a year; but privileges, pas de commencer par être tambour, et d'en faire les 米 of to-begin to begin fonctions; by to-be as a drummer,, and of of-it to-do the drummer, and perform the tant la nation avoit besoin d'exemple. functions; so-much the nation + had want of example. duties of one; so greatly did the nation stand in need of examples. Il fit petit à petit de nouveaux régimens; et enfin He made little to little of He gradually formed se sentant maître de himself feeling master of new new regiments; and at-last regiments; and at length troupes disciplinées, il cassa disciplined, he broke troops disciplined troops, he broke les strélitz, qui n'osèrent désobéir. La cavalerie the strelitz, who not dared the strelitz, who dared not to-disobey. The cavalry 'The cavalry étoit à peu près ce qu'est la cavalerie Polonoise, et † was to little cavalry Polish, and that which is the near was nearly the samé as the Polish now is, and ce qu'étoit autrefois la Françoise, quand le royaume that which † was other-time the French, the when the kingdom French formerly was, when the kingdom de France n'étoit qu'un assemblage de fiefs. Les of France nott was than an assemblage only a collection of fiefs. The of fiefs. The sans autres armes qu'un sabre ou un carquois; in without other arms with no other arms than a sabre or than a sabre or a quiver; in capables d'être commandés, et par conséquent de capable of to-be commanded, and by consequence of capable of submitting to command, and, consequently, of qualité de soldat et d'officier subalterne, et punissoit quality of soldier and of officer subaltern, and† punished the rank of a private and of a subaltern officer, while, as Czar, he rigoureusement en Czar les boyards, c'est-à-dire, les rigorously punished rigorously privilège that the privilege gentilshommes, qui prétendoient que le gentlemen, who † pretended gentlemen, who pretended that they were exempted de la noblesse étoit de ne servir l'état qu'à leur of the nobility † was of not to-serve the state than at their by the privilege of birth from serving the state otherwise than at volonté. will. their own pleasure. servir l'artillerie, He established a for Il établit un corps régulier pour to-serve the artillery, and took five hundreds églises pour fondre des canons. churches for to-found of-the cannons. churches to cast as cannon. cloches aux bells to-the bells from the II a eu treize mille canons de fonte en l'année mille sept cents thousand cannons of cast-metal in the year thousand seven hundred hundred and fourteen he had thirteen thousand pieces of brass quatorze. II a formé aussi des corps de dragons, fourteen. He has formed also of-the bodies of dragoons, cannon. He also formed some dragoon corps, a sort of milice très convenable au génie des Moscovites, et à soldiery very suitable to-the genius of-the Muscovites, and to force very suitable to the character of the Russians, and to la forme de leurs chevaux, qui sont petits. La Mos the form of their horses, which are small. the form of their horses, which are small. The Mus covie avoit, en mille sept cents trente-huit, trente † had, in thousand seven hundreds thirty eight, thirty In seventeen hundred and thirty-eight, Russia had thirty covy mille hommes chacun, régimens de dragons, de men men each-one, each, bien entretenus. C'est lui qui a établi les Houssards well maintained. well appointed. It is he who has established the Hussars en Russie. Enfin il a eu jusqu'à une école d'in in Russia. At-last he has had until to into Russia. He at length even established a school of en a school of en génieurs dans un pays où personne ne savoit avant a gineers in country where nobody not knew before gineers in a country where nobody before his time lui les élémens de la géométrie. him the elements of the geometry. knew even the elements of geometry. Il étoit bon ingénieur lui-même, mais sur-tout il Het was good engineer He was a good engineer him-same, but over all he himself, but above all he excelloit dans tous les arts de la marine; bon capi † excelled in all the arts of the marine; excelled in all the nautical arts'; сар good he was a good taine de vaisseau, habile pilote, bon matelot, adroit expert tain of ship, able pilot, good sailor, captain of a ship, an able pilot, a good sailor, an expert charpentier, et d'autant plus estimable dans ces arts, carpenter, and of so-much more estimable carpenter, and the more admirable in the attainment of these arts, in these arts, qu'il étoit né avec une crainte extrême de l'eau. a that he was born with dread extreme of the water. extreme dread of the water. Il ne pouvoit dans sa jeunesse passer sur un pont He : not was-able in his youth In his to-pass over youth he could not cross sans frémir; il faisoit fermer alors les volets de bois without to-shudder; he made to-shut then the shutters of wood without shuddering, and always shut the wooden blinds de son carrosse; le courage et le génie domptèrent en of his carriage; the courage and the genius of his carriage; subdued courage and genius conquered lui cette foiblesse machinale. him this weakness mechanical. this constitutional weakness. in Il fit construire un beau port auprès d'Azoph, à He made to-construct He constructed a at beautiful port to-the-near of Azoph, a beautiful port near Azoph, at l'embouchure du Tanaïs; il vouloit y entretenir des the mouth of-the Tanais; het willed there to-maintain of-the the mouth of the Tanais; he wished to station galleys VOL. I. I galères; et dans la suite croyant que ces vaisseaux and in the sequel believing that these galleys; vessels long, longs, plats et légers devoient réussir dans la Mer flat † ought and light long, flat, and light vessels Baltic, to-succeed in the Sea were calculated to succeed in the Bal en a fait construire plus de trois he of-them has made to-construct more caused more than three hundred to Baltique, il He has shown of three ville favorite de Pétersbourg. l'art de les bâtir avec the art Il a montré à ses sujets to his subjects He instructed his subjects in the art of building them with du simple sapin, et celui de and that fir, of-the simple deal alone, and in that of navigating them. He les conduire. Il avoit of them to-conduct. He + had Les finances du Czar étoient à la vérité peu de of-the Czar The finances of the Czar † were were, indeed, very small chose, par rapport à l'immensité de ses états; il n'a thing, by relation to the immensity of his states; he not has in relation to the immensity of his states; he jamais eu vingt-quatre millions de revenu, à compter never had of revenue, to to-count twenty-four millions never had a revenue of twenty-four millions, reckoning |