7. My relations (relatives) here are charming.

8. Shall I give your son a stimulus (stimulant)?

9. Where is the tunnel (funnel)?

EXERCISE XXVII

Insert in each blank the noun that expresses the exact meaning; explain your choice:

Acceptation, acceptance

1. Neither Jadu nor I was an artist in the proper

2. The assertion finds in every rank of society. 3. In its common

wisdom."

of the word.

-, "philosophy" means "the search for Accession, access

1. Markets are so difficult of that much wealth is wasted.

2. In an

of patriotism, he gave his brother over to death.

3. Mr. Banks desires to join the club; he will be a great 4. to the outer court was through a massive door.

5. Victoria married after her

6. He has not obtained any

to the throne.

of strength from his alliance.

Action, act

was proposed by Henry Clay.
of a madman.

2. Another mode of
3. To attempt resistance would be the

Advance, advancement

1. This refinement makes a daily

raise our language to perfection.

and will in time, I hope,

2. My own services are not so conspicuous as to warrant my

3. At the brisk

of the grenadiers, they retired.

Avocation, vocation

1. The young lawyer, surrounded by his law-books, took up his with enthusiasm.

2. Let your base-ball be a pastime, not a business; let it be your

not

your

3. Bridge-whist and ping-pong are their

-S.

1 In some cases one noun or another may be used, according to the meaning intended.

Observation, observance

1. The North American Indian has great powers of

2. The Pharisees were strict in their 3. He is arranging for a careful

1. The

of religious festivals.

of the eclipse.

Proposition, proposal

that each of us relinquish something was accepted.

Relation, relative, relationship

1. Our friends and -s stand weeping by.

2. -s between the two countries are becoming strained.

3. We are bound together by ties of

4. What the

5. Their domestic

between them is, I do not know.

-s are their own business, not the world's.

Stimulant, stimulation, stimulus

1. The study of literature is of great value as a mental

2. Besides alcohol, he knew no

3. He worked hard under the 4. Competition tends to the5. Self-interest is a powerful

but tobacco.
- of a desire to get rich.
of business.

to good.

Tunnel, funnel

1. The grape juice is poured into the tun by means of a 2. The shortest route to Italy is through the St. Gothard3. You can make a paper - to pour the spice through.

Other nouns sometimes confounded with one another because of a resemblance in appearance or in sound are : — Admittance, admission." Admittance" is used of a place, "admission" of privileges or position. One may gain" admittance" to a building, "admission" to college or to the bar.

Ceremony, ceremonial. A "ceremony" is a rite, as "the ceremony of baptism"; a "ceremonial" is a prescribed system of ceremonies, a ritual, as "the ceremonial prescribed in the Anglican service." The adjective "cere

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monial corresponds to both "ceremony" and "ceremonial"; the adjective "ceremonious" is properly applied to forms of civility, or to persons punctilious in the observance of such forms, as "He made a very ceremonious bow," "You are too ceremonious."

Completion, completeness." Completion" is the act of completing, "completeness" the condition of being complete e.g. "The completion of this building left twenty masons without work"; "If the work of an architect ever attained completeness, his did."

Council, counsel. — A “council" is a body of persons met to consult or to give advice; "counsel" is advice, or a person engaged to give legal advice: e.g. "At the suggestion of our counsel, we called a family council to take counsel together."

Cultivation, culture. "Cultivation " is the act of cultivating, "culture" the result of cultivation: e.g. " By the steady cultivation of our mental powers, we may gradually acquire true culture.' A similar distinction once existed between the verbs "cultivate" and "culture," but the latter is no longer in good use. After the other forms of "culture" had disappeared, the past participle, "cultured," lingered as an adjective; but at present it has no standing in literature or in polite society.

Deception, deceit." Deception" is the act, or the practice, of deceiving: e.g. "He has practised deception so long that he doesn't know how to be sincere.' "Deceit " is either the quality of deceiving, as "He is full of deceit," or an instance of deception, as "Her little deceits were always transparent."

Emigration, immigration; emigrant, immigrant. —“Ernigration" is the moving out of a country, "immigration " the moving into it. Foreigners who come to live in America are "emigrants" from their fatherland, "immigrants" into America. A similar distinction exists between the verbs "emigrate" and "immigrate."

size.

Enormity, enormousness.—“Enormity " is used of deeds of unusual horror, "enormousness of things of unusual We speak of the "enormity" of Cæsar Borgia's crimes, of the "enormousness " of the Rothschilds' wealth. Esteem, estimation, estimate. Each of these words implies an exercise of judgment. The judgment expressed by "esteem" is favorable, as "Esteem is the beginning of affection"; that expressed by "estimation" is either favorable or unfavorable, as "He stood high [or low] in popular estimation." The judgment expressed by "estimate" is approximate, since it is "based on considerations of probability, respecting the number, amount, magnitude, or position of anything "1: we may make an "estimate" of the distance of an object, of the cost of a house, of the character of an acquaintance. A similar distinction exists between the verbs "esteem" and "estimate." Falsity, falseness. —"Falsity," which is commonly applied to things, means non-conformity to truth, with no suggestion of blame, as "the falsity of a report." "Falseness," which is applied to persons, usually suggests blame, as "the falseness of a friend."

Limit, limitation. "Limit" in the sense of "boundary" (as "the limits of my estate," "the limits of my patience.") is preferable to "limitation," since "limitation" means so either the act of limiting or a restriction, as "She chafes at the limitation of her freedom," "His talent has its limitations."

Narrative, narration. "Narrative" in the sense of "that which is narrated" is preferable to "narration," since "narration means also either the act or the art of narrating e.g. "The White Seal' is an admirable narrative," "In the narration of the story he grew eloquent," "Macaulay is a master of narration."

Negligence, neglect. "Negligence" is the habit of leaving things undone, "neglect " is an instance of the habit.

1 The Oxford English Dictionary.

Organism, organization. An "organism is a living body composed of a number of essential parts: e.g. "What a complex organism the human body is! Organization" denotes either the act of organizing or the body of persons organized: e.g. "The organization of the club was his work," "Burke had great faith in political organizations."

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Produce, product, production." Produce" is always collective (we do not speak of "a produce "), and is used chiefly of raw material, as "the produce of the soil," "the produce of the flock." "Product," though sometimes used in the sense of "produce," usually denotes the result of some physical operation, as "a product of engineering skill." "Production," though sometimes used in the sense of "product," properly means the act of producing, as "the production of wheat"; it is also applied to a work of literature or of art, as "a literary production."

Recourse, resource, resort. "Recourse" means a turning to some one or something for help or protection: e.g. "To secure sleep he had recourse to a narcotic. "Resource means that which affords help or support: e.g. "A small pension is her only resourse," "His pecuniary resources were large. "Resort" is sometimes used in the sense of "recourse," and sometimes in that of "resource ; but in its specific meaning it is usually restricted to the sense of "a place much frequented": e.g. "Newport is a fashionable resort in August."

:

Requirement, requisite, requisition. —A “requirement is something prescribed by a person or by a body of persons e.g. "The requirements for admission to college have increased since his day." A "requisite" is something demanded by the nature of things: e.g. "The requisites for success in life are courage and good sense. A "requisition" is an authoritative demand or an official request e.g. "If Jones escapes to Texas, the governor of Arkansas will have to make a requisition for him."