that they got into debt, mortgaged the cot-brick is blackened and decayed; the marble tages which had been secured for them by a statues, the bassi-relievi, the brazen columns, Miss Wood, a convert, and finally lost their have disappeared; its ornaments have vanproperty in 1878, when, as a community, they ished, its granite columns have lost their luster, passed out of existence. and its marble capitals their purity. Yet, under every disadvantage, it is still preeminently beautiful. No eye can rest on the noble simplicity of the matchless portico without admiration. Its beauty is of that sort which, while the fabric stands, time has no power to destroy. The Pantheon of Rome, a famous temple of circular form, built by M. Agrippa, son-inlaw of Augustus, in his third consulship, about 27 B. C. The edifice was called the Pantheon, not, as is commonly supposed, from its having been sacred to all the gods, but from its majestic dome, which represented, as it were, the Oracles dated from the highest antiquity, "all-divine "firmament. It was dedicated to and flourished in the most remote ages. Jupiter Ultor. Beside the statue of this god, word signifies the response delivered by a however, there were in six other niches as deity or supernatural being to a worshiper or many colossal statues of other deities, among inquirer, and also the place where the response which were those of Mars and Venus, the was delivered. These responses were supfounders of the Julian line, and that of Julius posed to be given by a certain divine afflatus, Cæsar. The Pantheon is by far the largest either through means of mankind, as in the structure of ancient times, the external diam-orgasms of the Pythia, and the dreams of the eter being 188 feet, and the height to the sum- worshiper in the temples; or by its effect on mit of the upper cornice 102 feet, exclusive of the flat dome or calotte, which makes the entire height about 148 feet. It has a portico, in the style of the Corinthian architecture, 110 feet in length and 44 feet in depth, made up of 16 granite columns, with marble capitals and bases, placed in three rows, each column being 5 feet in diameter and 46 feet high. These columns supported a pediment with a roof of bronze. The Pantheon stands near the ancient Campus Martius, and, after the lapse of 1900 years, is still the best preserved of the old Roman buildings. It was given to Boniface IV. by the Emperor Phocas in 609, and was dedicated as a Christian church to the Virgin and the Holy Martyrs, a quantity of whose relics was placed under the great altar. In 830, Gregory IV. dedicated it to all the saints. It is now known as the Church of Santa Maria Rotunda. This consecration of the edifice, however, seems to have afforded it no defense against the subsequent spoliations, both of emperors and popes. The plates of gilded bronze that covered the roof, the bronze bassirelievi of the pediment, and the silver that adorned the interior of the dome, were carried off by Constans II., A. D. 655, who destined them for his imperial palace at Constantinople; but, being murdered at Syracuse when on his return with them, they were taken by their next proprietors to Alexandria. Urban VIII. carried Holy Grail.-The Holy Grail was one of off all that was left to purloin the bronze the leading themes of medieval romance, beams of the portico, which amounted in fabled to have been the cup or chalice used by weight to more than 45,000,000 pounds. Dur- Christ in the Last Supper, and in which he ing eight centuries it has suffered from changed the wine into blood. This chalice, the dilapidations of time and the cupidity of preserved by Joseph of Arimathea, had also barbarians. The seven steps which elevated it received the blood which flowed from the side above the level of ancient Rome are buried of Christ on the cross. This is what the beneath the modern pavement. Its rotunda of apocryphal gospel of Nicodemus says, but no certain objects, as the tinkling of the caldrons at Dodona, the rustling of the sacred oak, the murmuring of the streams; or by the action of sacred animals, as exemplified in the Apis or sacred bull of Memphis, and the feeding of holy chickens of the Romans. These responses, however, had always to be interpreted to the inquirer by the priesthood. It is probable that all the Egyptian temples were oracular, although only a few are mentioned by Herodotus, as the oracles of Latona in the city of Buto; those of Hercules, Mars, Thebes, and Meroe. Oracles were also used by the Hebrews. The Grecian oracles enjoyed the highest reputation for truthfulness, and the most renowned of all was the Delphic Oracle. Sacrifices were offered by the inquirers, who walked with laurel crowns on their heads, and delivered sealed questions; the response was deemed infallible, and was usually dictated by justice, sound sense, and reason, till the growing political importance of the shrine rendered the guardians of it fearful to offend, when they framed answers in ambiguous terms, or allowed the influence of gold and presents to corrupt the inspirations. There were numerous other oracles in Greece and in Asia Minor, and written ones existed of the prophecies of celebrated seers. Those of the Sibyls or prophetic women enjoyed great popularity. Organized. RELIGION, EDUCATION, FINE ARTS. early mention is made of it by either profane In the twelfth cenor ecclesiastical writers. tury it reappears as the central subject of the prophecies of Merlin and the object of the adventurous quest of the Knights of the Round Table. It was also mixed up, by romance, with the struggles in Spain between Moors and Christians, and with the foundation of the Order of Templars in Palestine. Peter the Hermit was the apostle of the first crusade, and was born in the diocese of middle of the Amiens, France, about the eleventh century. After engaging in several pursuits he became a hermit, and in 1093 un dertook a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, where the UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES OF THE UNITED STATES. President or Chairman Instruc tors.* Students. Volumes in Productive Amount of. 1873 Add-Ran Christ. Un.t Waco, Tex... 1896 Adelphi Colleget. 1861 Albion Colleget.. Harriman, Tenn... Non-Sect D.A.Long, A.M.,D.D.,LL.D. 1893 Armour Inst. Tech'yt Chicago, Ill... 1842 Asheville Colleget..... Asheville, N. C.... Non-Sect J. T. Henderson, A.M.. 1850 Capital University.... Columbus, O... Northfield, Minn.. Congregat'l.. James W. Strong, D.D.... Rev. J. M. Ruthrauff, D.D.. 1866 Carleton Colleget. Lutheran. 1851 Carson & Newman C.1 Mossy Creek, Tenn Baptist. Cady Staley, Ph.D., LL.D... 1870 Carthage Colleget..... Carthage, Ill...... Reformed... Rev. G. C. Clapp, D.D... 1880 Case Sc. App'l Science Cleveland, O...... Non-Sect.... Newton, N. C...... 1851 Catawba Colleget. 1888 Catholic Univ. Am.(f) Washington, D. C. R. Catholic.. Rev. Thomas J.Conaty, D.D. Organized. Universities and Colleges of the United States—Continued. 1857 Central Colleget....... Fayette, Mo.. Meth. Ep. S.. E. B. Craighead, A.M.,LL.D. 1873 Drury Colleget. 1847 Earlham Colleget. 1855 Elmira College+.. 1890 Elon Colleget.. ... G. Stanley Hall, LL.D. B. L. Whitman, D.D.. 7 126 1,500 None. 325 26,047 1,500,000 29 60 1,907 31,536 45,550 34 450 25,000 358.825 304 2,157 250,000 9,500,000 238 1,093 12,000 256,075 7 177 4,260 17 182 1,500 80,000 32 571 16,536 100,000 196 1,835 211,278 6,446,818 42 186 60 10 17 273 6,000 108,000 670 85,000 1,500,000 180 12,000 120,000 9 13 23 28 10 153 2,500 50.812 1868 Cornell Universityt... Ithaca, N. Y... Non-Sect J.G.Schurman, D.Sc., LL.D. Organized. Colleges. RELIGION, EDUCATION, FINE ARTS. Universities and Colleges of the United States-Continued. Students. Library. Volumes in Productive Amount of. 1636 Harvard University... Cambridge, Mass.. 1833 Haverford College.. 1855 Hedding Colleget. 1850 Heidelberg Univ.t. 1884 Hendrix Colleget Henry Colleget.. 1857 Highland University 1855 Hillsdale Colleget.. 1867 Hiram Colleget. 1849 Hiwassee Colleget 1825 Hobart College.. 1866 Hope Colleget.. Isaac Sharpless, Sc.D., LL.D. 1841 Howard Colleget(q)... East Lake, Ala.. 1869 lowa State Colleget.. 1866 Lebanon Valley Coll.† Rv.WC Whitford, A.M., D.D. Gen. Stephen D. Lee, LL.D. Rev.W.T.Lowrey, D.D.,A.M. Cumb. Pres.. William H. Black, D.D... United Pres. Samuel R. Lyons, D.D. Meth. Epis.. Chas. W. Lewis, M.S. Baltimore, Md.... Meth. Epis.. F. J. Wagner, A.M., D.D.... Methodist... Rev. J. M. Henderson, A.M. 1894 Morningside Colleget. Sioux City, Iowa.. Methodist... W. S. Lewis, D.D... 1881 Morris Brown Colleget Atlanta, Ga. 1872 Morrisville Colleget... Morrisville, Mo.... Meth. Epis.. J. J. Pritchett, A.M., LL.D. 1889 Missouri Valley Coll.t. Marshall, Mo.. 1856 Monmouth Colleget... Monmouth, Ill.. 1856 Moore's Hill Colleget. Moore's Hill, Ind.. 1890 Morgan Colleget§. 250 83,743 98,575 39,000 270 4,800 113,000 6,000 100,000 5,000 17,500 9 100 3,000 21,000 2,500 Organized. Universities and Colleges of the United States-Continued. Colleges. Location. Denomina- President or Chairman 1887 Mount Angel College.. Mount Angel, Ore. R. Catholic.. P. Placidus, O.S.B... 1867 Muhlenberg College.. Allentown, Pa... Lutheran.... Rev. Theo. L. Seip, D.D.. ... 32,000 20 400 3,000 8 161 7,000 413,402 8,000 6,000 1,500 1,200 5,000 1856 Newberry Colleget.... Newberry, S. C.... Lutheran... 1825 Newton Theol. Inst. (e) Newt'nC'ntr, Mass. Baptist.. Alvah Hovey (Act. Pres.).... 1831 New York Univ.(w)... New York city(w). Non-Sect. H.M.McCracken.D.D.,LL.D. 167 1,609 44,220 1,502,400 1856 Niagara University... Niagara Falls,N.Y. R. Catholic.. Rev. Patrick McHale, C.M.. 17 205 9,000 None. 1859 North Carolina Coll... Mt. Pleasant, N. C. Lutheran.... Rev. M. G. G. Scherer, A.M. 4 75 4,000 1854 Northern Ill. Colleget. Fulton, Ill.. 10 175 1892 Nor'west Missouri C. Albany, Mo. 8 106 1861 Northwestern Coll.t... Naperville, Ill. 18 365 4,500 100,000 1855 Northwestern Univ... Evanston, Ill.. 222 2,019 38,582 2,465,827 1865 Northwestern Univ... Watertown, Wis.. 8 136 3,709 None. 1861 Norwegian Luth. Coll. Decorah, Iowa.. 10 177 9,100 8,526 1833 Oberlin Colleget. 69 1,310 49,631 1887 Ogden College... 1870 Ohio State Univ.f. 1804 Ohio University 1844 Ohio Wesleyan Univ.† 1844 Olivet Colleget..... 1865 Ottawa University... 1847 Otterbein Univ.†. 1886 Ouachita Bapt. Coll.t. 1849 Oxford Colleget... 1891 Pacific Colleget. 1848 Pacific Universityt.. 1875 Park Colleget.. 1875 Parsons Colleget.. 1873 Penn Colleget.. Oberlin, O.. Non-Sect .... J. E. Bittinger, A.M.. Meth. South. Wm. H. Pritchett, A.M. Evangelical.. Rev. H. J. Kiekhoefer, A.M. Meth. Epis.. Henry W. Rogers, LL.D.. Lutheran.... A. F. Ernst.. Lutheran.... Rev. Laur. Larsen. Non-Sect.. H. C. King, A.M. (Ch. Fac.). Non-Sect Wm. A. Obenchain, A.M.... Non-Sect J. H. Canfield, LL.D., A.M.. Non-Sect.... Chas. W. Super, Ph.D.,LL.D. Meth. Epis.. J. W. Bashford, Ph.D., D.D. Congregat'l.. Rev. Willard G. Sperry, D.D. Baptist.. ..... J. D. S. Riggs, A.M., Ph.D.. U. Brethren. T. J. Sanders, A.M., Ph.D. Baptist....... John W. Conger, A.B., A.M.| Presbyterian Rev. Faye Walker, D.D.. Friends.... Thomas Newlin, A.M.. Forest Grove, Ore..Congregat'l.. Thomas McClelland, D.D. Parkville, Mo.. Non-Sect....|L. M. McAfee (Chm, of Fac.) Fairfield, Iowa.... Presbyterian Rev. D. E. Jenkins, Ph.D... Oskaloosa, Iowa... Friends..... A. Rosenberger, A.B., LL. D. 1832 Pennsylvania Coll.t... Gettysburg, Pa.... Lutheran.. H.W.McKnight, D.D.,LL.D. 1862 Penna. Military Col... Chester, Pa... Non-Sect Chas. E. Hyatt, C. E.. 1859 Penna. State Coll..... State College, Pa.. Non-Sect. Geo. W. Atherton, LL.D. 1881 Philander Smith Col.f Little Rock, Ark.. Meth. Epis.. Rev. James M. Cox, A.M. 1866 Philomath Colleget... Philomath, Ore... U. Brethren. J. M. C. Miller, M.S... 1881 Pike Colleget. Bowling Green, Mo Non-Sect.... R. E. Downing, A.M.. 1891 Polytechnic Colleget.. Fort Worth, Tex.. Meth. Ep. S.. Rev. W. F. Lloyd, 'D.D. 1354 Polytechnic Institute. B'klyn Boro, N. Y. Non-Sect D. H. Cochran, Ph.D.,LL.D. 1887 Pratt Institutef. B'klyn Boro, N. Y. Non-Sect.. 1880 Presbyterian Col.S.C.† Clinton, S. C.. Presbyterian Almon E.Spencer,B.A.,M.A. 1812 Princeton Theol. Sem. Princeton, N. J... Presbyterian W.H. Green, D.D.(Act.Pres.) 1746 Princeton University. Princeton, N. J... Non-Sect... F. L. Patton, D.D., LL.D.. 1871 Proseminar College... Elmhurst, Ill.... 1874 Purdue Universityt.. Lafayette, Ind 1853 Racine College... Racine, Wis. 1879 Radcliffe College‡..... Cambridge, Mass.. 1830 Randolph-Macon Col.. Ashland, Va.(t).... 1892 Red River Val. Univ. Wahpeton, N.Dak. 1824 Rensselaer Poly. Inst.. Troy, N. Y... 1835 Richmond Colleget... Richmond, O. 1832 Richmond Colleget... Richmond, Va.. 1892 Ridgeville Colleget... Ridgeville, Ind... 1876 Rio Grande Colleget.. Rio Grande, O..... 1851 Ripon Colleget.. Ripon, Wis....... 1853 Roanoke College.. Salem, Va. 1857 Rock Hill College. 1863 Roger Williams U.t§.. 1885 Rollins Colleget. .... Charles M. Pratt.. Evangelical.. Rev. D. Irion... 6 50 1,400 7,000 12 195 84 1,103 13700 1,369,315 8 103, 2,137 None. Non-Sect... James H. Smart, A.M.,LL.D. 1883 Rose Polytechnic Inst. Terre Haute, Ind.. Non-Sect Meth. Epis.. John Wier, A.M., D.D. Concord, N. C..... Presbyterian Rev. D. J. Satterfield, D.D.. 1856 Seton Hall College. South Orange,N.J. R. Catholic.. Rev. J. J. Synnott, D.D.. 1865 Shaw Universityt§.. Raleigh, N. C...... Baptist. Charles F. Meserve, A.M.. 1827 Shurtleff Colleget(q).. Upper Alton, Ill... Baptist. Austen K. de Blois, Ph.D. 1867 Simpson Colleget... ..... Indianola, Iowa... Meth. Epis.. Rev. Jos. B. Harris. 1875 Smith Colleget.. N'hampton, Mass.. Non-Sect.... L. Clark Seelye, D.D., LL.D. 1801 South Carolina Coll.t. Columbia, S. C.... Non-Sect F. C. Woodward, Litt. D.. 1883 South Dakota Univ... Mitchell, S. D. Meth. Epis.. Rev. W. I. Graham, D.D. 1859 S'th'n Bap. Theo. Sem. Louisville, Ky..... Baptist.. Wm.H.Whitsitt, D.D.,LL.D. 1856 Southern Universityt. Greensboro', Ala.. Meth. Ep. S.. J. O. Keener, A.M., D.D.. 1849 So. Kentucky Coll.f... Hopkinsville, Ky.. Christian.. 1878 Southwest Bap. Col.t.. Bolivar, Mo....... Baptist. Saml. S. Woolwine. 191 21,000 40,000 20 145 7,500, None. |