THE MEANING and DERIVATION of the Names or Terms, with Examples. I. METAPHOR, Meraoga, a Transferring, from lapigw, transfero. EXAMPLES. Thus Refemblances instead of proper Words may be transfer'd from any Object in Nature; as, The Lord is my Rock, that is, Support; Pfalm xviii. 2. Captis afpirate, i. e. favete; Ovid. Met. 1. Tell that Fox, i. e. Herod, Luke xiii. 32. Homerus Poëtarum Sol. Invidie Flamma. Duo Fulmina Belli; Virg. Mens ferrea. Aurea Etas. Gemmant vites. Flos Nobilitatis. Lata Seges; Virg. Homo Homini Lupus. Expolire Orationem. Diffuere Amicitiam. Londinium Caput Anglia. Eftus Irarum; Virg. Splendor Verborum. Ingenii Flumen, &c.-N. 1. No Trope is more frequent or florid than the Metaphor; for it is a fhort and sprightly Resemblance or Similitude in one Word, and may, as has been hinted, be transfer'd or taken from any Object of Senfe whatever; but that of Sight is reckon'd most lively. Hence Odoror, Teneo, Gusto, & Audio, are often met with for Intelligo; tho' ideo, Cerno, or Perfpicio much oftener. See 1 Kings x. 4. Hagg. i. 1 Chron. xvi. 32. N. 2. It is by this Trope that Christ in Scripture is call'd a Vine, Door, Rock, Lamb, Lion, &c. And Man, a Shadow, Flower, Grafs, Wolf, Bear, Dog, &c. I 9. II. ALLE ANNOTATION S. tiam Authore, fieri adhuc & OBS. X. THOR'S DISTRIBUTION of Tropes, Figures, and Turns, has been already spoken to. The FIGURE METRICE following, which he has rank'd in the fame Method with his own II. ALLEGORY, 'Axλnyogía, a Speaking differently from Meaning, from anno, aliud, & ayogeúw, palàm dico. EXAMPLES. Thus when in conveying our Meaning under difguis'd Terms, we liken Things to Things by continued Metaphors, ftill speaking one Thing and meaning another; as, Sine Cerere & Libero friget Venus, i. e. fine Pane & Vino friget Amor; Ter. Claudite jam Rivos, Pueri, fat Prata biberunt, Leave off your Songs, my Boys, they have heard enough; Virg. Et jam tempus Equum fpumantia folvere colla; Virg. Geor. 4. Forum aleatorium calefecimus; Aug. apud Sueton. for Studiosè multumque lufimus Alea. O Navis, referent in Mare te novi Fluctus, &c. See Hor. ANNOTATION S. own, were compos'd by Mr. N. BURTON for the Ufe of Durham School, and are the briefeft, smootheft, most correct, and most expressive of any extant. Thele, as the Author could not mend 'em, he here propofes to his own Scholars, lib. as containing, like the Iliad in a Nutshell, a noble Fund of Tropofchematological Know ledge; promifing to each Sixpence, whoever he is, that will learn 'em by Heart, and repeat 'em to him with Underftanding. FIGURE RHETORICÆ & GRAMMATICÆ. D THE CHIEF TROPES. AT propriâ fimilem pro voce METAPHORA Vocem, Cognato mutat METONYMIA Nomine Nomen : Augens vel minuens tranfcendit HYPERBOLE Verum, OTHER lib. 1. Od. 14. See alfo Ecclef. xii. 5, 6. Pfalm. cx. 1. Matt. xv. 11. Jer. xxiii. 5, 6. Job xxix. 6. Prov. xxiii. 27.-N. To the Allegory may be refer'd all Apologues, fuch as Efop's Fables and all others, the Parables of Scripture and all others, the Canticles or Song of Solomon; alfo all ENIGMA's (from aviosomas, obfcurè fignifico) or Riddles; as, Dic quibus in Terris, & eris mihi magnus Apollo, Tres pateat Cali Spatium non amplius Ulnas. Anfw. At the Bottom of a Well. Dic quibus in Terris infcripti Nomina Regum Nafcantur Flores. Anfw. Pecunia nafcatur ubique; Virg. Ecl 3. Filiolas Cadmi profert Nilotis Arundo; Quas ferit è Cnidio diftillans Sepia Noao: that is, Paper brings forth Letters, which Ink dropping from a Pen begets. See Gen. xl. and xli. Dan. iv. 10, 11. &c. Judg. xiv. 14. Ifa. xi. 1, 2. &c. PAREMIA, Пagonia, a Proverb; as, Æthiopem aut Laterem lavare, means, To labour in vain. Lupum auribus teneo; Ter. &c. may be alfo refer'd to the Allegory. See Ezek. xvi. 44. Prov. xiv. 4. Jer. xxxi. 29. &c. III. METO. ANNOTATION S. OTHER TROPES in the Order they're mention'd. NIGMA obfcuris involvit Senfa Loquelis. Æ Præmonet experto bene nota P ARŒMIA Dicto. Dat plures in Voce Tropos METALEPSIS eâdem. Perfonis aliud facit ANTONOMASIA Nomen. Hollibus infultat Dictis SARCASMUS amaris. Hoftili mordens DIASYRMUS Scommate lædit. Dat CHARIENTISM US minitanti mollia Verba. Urbano meritos Sale defricat ASTEISMUS. Te MYCTERISMUS Nafo fufpendit adunco. MIMESIS ridens imitatur Verba loquentis. Verum magnificans AUXESIS tollit & auget, Vera TAPEINOSIS tenuat minuitque premendo. A Sonitu Voces ONOMATOPOEIA fingit. Oppofitas Rebus Voces ANTIPHRASIS aptat. Fortius affirmat LITOTES advería negando. Alternis Cafu fubmutat HYPALLAGE Cafum. Turpem EUPHEMISMUS Rem Nomine velat honefto. Membra Pathofque Deo transfert ANTHROPOPATHIA. F THE III. METONYMY, Melwvuμía, a Putting of Name for Name, from μerà, trans, & voua, nomen. EXAMPLES. Thus, by means of their mutual Relation, 1. The Name of the Caufe is put for the Effect; as, The Efficient Caufe, Mars, i. e. War, rages. Read Horace, i. e. his Writings; Philologus. Quo ambulas tu qui Vulcanum in Cornu conclufum geris; Plaut. See Luke xvi. 29. Valet Lingua, i. e. Sermone. Vide Manum ejus, i. e. Scripturam. The Material Caufe; as, Pinus for Navis; Ovid. Meditaris Avenâ, i. e. Fiftulâ; Virg. Es, Argentum, Aurum, for Nummus æreus, &c. Ferrum pro Gladio. The Means for the End, Quo Sidere terram vertere; Virg. Geor, 1. 2. The Effect is put for the Caufe; as, Pallida Mors, quia pallidos reddit; Hor. Ira cæca. Adolefcentia bilaris. Segne Otium. Serta mihi Phyllis legeres, pro Floribus; Virg. Quas meruit pœnas jam dedit illud Opus, E ANNOTATION S. THE CHIEF FIGURES. CPHONESIS amat Motus Clamore ciere. Quid dicat, quid agat, dubitat pendens APORIA. Rem negat APOPHASIS, quam tranfgreditur PARALEIPSIS. 5 OTHER Opus, i. e. Ovidius Effector Operis. Ego te, Scelus, ulcifcar, i. e. Scelefte; Ter. The End for the Means, Quis aris imponat Honorem; Virg. 3. The Subject is put for the Adjunct. (N. The Meaning of Adjunct is fome Circumftance or Appendage belonging to or depending on the Subject or chief Thing as it's Seat); as, He has a good Heart, i. e. Courage. Continens pro Contento, as Drink this Cup, i. e. this Wine; 1 Cor. xi. 26. Locus pro Incolis, as, Invadunt Urbem vino fomnoque fepultam, i. e. Incolas; Virg. Bibet Germania Tigrim; Virg. Locús pro Locatis, as, The Church, i. e. Religion, forbids it. Poffeffor pro Poffeffo, as Jam proximus ardet Ucalegon, i. e. Ucalegonis Domus; Virg. Æn. 2. Dux pro Exercitu, as, Annibal victus fuit, i. e. Annibalis Exercitus. Patronus pro Cliente, as, Nego me reftitutum esse, i. e. Clientem meum; Cic. Ante focum fi Frigus erit, fi Meffis in umbrâ, i. e. Hyems & Eftas; Virg. Signatum pro Signo, as, Orpheaque in medio pofuit, i. e. Signum Orphei; Virg. Ecl. 3. 4. The Adjunct is put for the Subject; as, Virtutem incolumem odimus, i. e. Viros Virtute præditos; Hor. Con ANNOTATION S. OTHER FIGURES in the Order they're mention'd. Iratur THAUMASMUS, & optat mobilis EUCHE, Devovet ARA, Preces effundit blanda DEESIS. Effictum inftituit Sermonem DIALOGISMUS. M Quid SYMBOULEUSIS, faciendum eft, confulit Hoftem. Quæ dici poterant, ea rejicit APODIOXIS. F 2 FIGURES |