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Generally speaking, the claims now regards the action of Germany and Great being pressed are for losses or personal Britain, nothing could be clearer than Presi- injuries suffered by citizens of the claimdent Roosevelt's recent utterance. He said: ant countries during the Venezuelan civil "We do not guarantee any State against wars of the last three years, or for default punishment if it misconducts itself, pro- of interest on railroad loans guaranteed vided that punishment does not take the by the Government. President Castro form of the acquisition of territory by any has asserted that the claims are petty, non-American power." If it be asked, Who that he never heard of some of them until is to determine what misconduct is and lately, and that the others had been laid what is reasonable punishment? it can only before a commission lately appointed by be hoped that the principle of arbitration. the Venezuelan Congress. However this and the mode of agreement provided by may be, the patience of Germany and the Hague Tribunal may, sɔ far as practi- Great Britain became exhausted; assurcable, prevail; the United States, however, ances were given to the United States that cannot compel other nations to arbitrate no territorial seizure was proposed; ultiand can only offer its services when re- matums were delivered giving a brief timequested by both parties. Whether the limit for response; diplomatic relations methods of enforcing payment of debts were severed; and British and German adopted by England and Germany against war-ships seized four Venezuelan steamers Venezuela are fair and moderate or rough at La Guayra, a chief port of the country, and brutal is not a question for the and one gunboat lying at Trinidad. So United States to decide-certainly not far, it seemed that there had been no violaunder the Monroe Doctrine. But it may tion of the rules of international law govbe noted as somewhat remarkable that up erning such action, and strong hopes were to Monday of this week there had been entertained that President Castro's request no formal, official statement by Germany to Mr. Bowen, the United States official at or Great Britain as to the nature and Caracas, that he should individually, and extent of their claims against Venezuela, not as a United States official, arbitrate nor are the exact facts known about the questions at issue, would lead to a the seizing of Venezuelan war vessels peaceful and satisfactory end of the inci(really gunboats and yachts). The ulti- dent. matums of the two Powers have been published, but they are so involved, and refer so blindly to previous diplomatic exchanges, that they do not afford very much light. Information as to the British claims is being urgently asked by the English press and in Parliament. It is understood that the German claims are much larger and of older standing than the British, and include some classes of debts admitted to be just by Venczuela, Acts of War But it was soon rumored that one or more of the vessels captured had been destroyed. The exact truth about this rumor is not known even six days after the action. British papers of both parties showed uneasiness at the report, and expressed hope that Germany alone was concerned in this act; one British paper declared that such a deed would be nothing more or less than theatrical piracy; 66 another said that it was another illustration of Germany's overbearing methods and too free use of the "mailed hand;" others feared that England was allowing Germany to make her a mere cat's-paw. Meanwhile President Castro had seized the persons of many British and German subjects, but promptly released them at the intervention of Mr. Bowen-who, according to all accounts, has acted throughout the affair with wisdom, prudence, and firmness. The next important incident happened at Porto Cabello on Saturday last, and was so sensational as greatly to endanger the plan for arbitration, while it was quite inconsistent with any definition of a peaceful blockade." A mob from the city had boarded a British merchant ship lying at anchor in the harbor, and had ill-treated its crew and insulted its flag. Two warships, the Charybdis (British) and Vineta (German), entered Porto Cabello and received the complaint; instantly the commodore in command demanded immediate reparation under the threat of bombardment of the fortress after two hours' interval. The time elapsed, and although a boat was actually on its way to the British war-ship with a note complying with the demands, fire was opened on the forts; it was returned, and in less than an hour the forts were silenced and almost destroyed; one report says that "it is probable that only a few persons were injured;" another account states that about fifty men were killed; still another, that two or three people were killed. One account (the latest received up to Monday night) declares that only by the personal influence of President Castro were the people of Caracas restrained from attacking foreign residents. preceded. The most vivid of the incidents brought before the court was narrated as follows in the press despatches: Andrew Hannik, a Hungarian, told how the Markles evicted him. He was followed by Henry Coll, another Markle miner, who told how his family, including his mother-in-law, who was a hundred years old, were set out on the road with their household goods. He gave a graphic description of how he was injured many times in the mines. He said one of his legs was no better than a wooden one; he had only one eye, his hands have been crushed, ribs broken, and skull fractured. The company gave him nothing until after the employees took up a collection for him; then he was given $50, after being on the injured list for two years. The company took out of the collection the rent he owed. . . . The old miner, decrepit from many injuries, told under the examination how the evictions were carried on. His wife was sick and her one-hundred-year-old mother was blind and unable to walk. The day on which they were "thrown out" was rainy. He took them the best he could to Hazleton, seven miles away, and placed them in a cold, damp, empty house. This was last month, when the atmosphere on the Hazleton Mountain was quite cold. His wife became worse. Medical aid was kindly furnished free by a Hazleton doctor, but it did not help her much. "We were greatly worried because of our having been turned out of our house, and one night," the witness said, between sobs, "she died." "She died?" exclaimed Judge Gray, who was pacing to and fro across the room, as he quickly turned when he heard the man's last words. "Yes, sir; she died, and I buried her yesterday." Other incidents only less pathetic were narrated bearing upon the danger of work in the mines, and the absence of any system of indemnity or even relief for the families of the men maimed or killed in the mines. It would not be strange if the Commission recommended for Pennsyl vania an Employers' Liability Law similar to that already in force in Massachusetts. Mr. Thomas P. Fowler, Mr. Fowler on President of the Ontario Bishop Potter and Western Railroad, is reported by the New York "Herald "as criticising Bishop Potter for taking interest in and expressing sympathy for the Pennsylvania miners. "Bishop Potter," says Mr. Fowler, "had better devote some time to the condition of his clergy, who, generally speaking, are not nearly so well paid as the anthracite miner." He claims that the average annual stipend of the |