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On the Preservation of the Potato.

165

Sciences, six numbers of which will appear every year. Each number will contain from eight to ten sheets, The names of these gentlemen are a certain guarantee of the merit of the work.

Switzerland.

The Society for the Promotion of the Arts, at Geneva, have issued by their committee of the Class of Agriculture, a notice concerning the potato, which is deserving of attention.

The committee say, that convinced of the advantages which the cultivation of the potato affords, whether for the perfecting of agriculture, or as an efficacious means of providing, in times of plenty, an important resource in years of scarcity; they have desired to multiply the means of increasing agricultural produce, and at the same time to encourage the use of this tuberous root. Its conversion into a substance capable of being made into bread, and of being preserved for a long time, is, beyond a doubt, an important object.

The committee, called upon to record the benevolent views of the government, has published, at two different times, instructive information, designed to promote the grating of potatoes, and the conditions on which it will purchase them when grated; conditions which give for the potato, thus employed, a value very superior to what it is sold for in the market, and which gives to growers and speculators a considerable advantage, Notwithstanding these encouragements, a very small number of the sellers of potatoe gratings has yet appeared. In searching for the cause of this indifference for a speculation as useful to the grater himself as to the republic, the committee believes that it consists

chiefly in the difficulty of drying the gratings, a difficulty, among others, which hinders small proprietors from pursuing an employment which would pay them well for their labour. In consequence of these considerations, the committee has thought it a duty to propose a special reward to him who shall point out the best and most economical processes for simplifying, abridging, and facilitating the desiccation of the gratings of potatoes. The committee desire that the methods pointed out may be supported by exact experiments; and that they may be of a nature to be applied to great and to small un dertakings; and that they may be used in various

seasons.

The competitors must send, with their memoirs, samples of the gratings which they have obtained by the means which they describe; and, above all, an exact account of the expense of the procedure. In particular, the cost of the implements, &c. are necessary, as well as the time which the desiccation has required. The reward will consist in a medal of the value of five hundred florins, (about 231 francs). The memoirs must be sent to the Committee of Agriculture before the 1st of November, 1822.

New Patents sealed in 1822.

To William Mitchell, of the city of Glasgow, silversmith, for the discovery of a process whereby gold and silver plate, and other plate formed of ductile metals, may be manufactured in a more perfect and expeditious manner than by any process which has hitherto been employed in such manufacture.-Sealed August 24th.Six months for Inrolment.

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Ecliptic opposition. O

Full moon.

Diff. of dec.

D. H. M. S.

14 23 33

in conj. with h, long.

18 9° 55'.

16° 9′ N. h

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3° 48'.

12° 21' N.

in Perigee.

4's 2d Sat. eclipsed. 2's 1st ditto, ditto.

in conj. with 2, long. 28 80 59'. Diff. of dec.

6° 13′. 26° 36′ N. 4 20° 23' N.

(in quadrature entering the last quarter. 3 in his descending node, long. 7$ 40.

H station, long. 9o 3o 22'.

in conj. with 9, long. 4$ 17° 8'. Diff. of dec.

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44's 2d Sat. eclipsed.

13 15-46 57 4's 1st ditto, ditto.

14-22-580 Ecliptic conjunction, or

New Moon.

a

o in conj. with a, long. 4s 26° 3'. Diff. of dec. 509 13° 40' N. «N 12° 50' N. 2's 1st. Sat. eclipsed. in his descending node, long. 6s 8° 16'. Din conj. with ☀, long. 6s 8° 26'. Diff. of dec. 4° 0'. D 7° 11' S. 3° 11' S.

16 5 40 0

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02 station, long. 2a 6° 33′. 28 000 in Aphelion.

N.B. All the above calculations are made to Mean or Clock Time.
The waxing Moon, D-the waning Moon, (、

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168

LITERARY NOTICES, &c.

THAT elegant work the Horticultural Repository, containing Delineations, ac.cording to nature, of the best varieties of English Fruit, by Mr. G. BROOKSHAW, is announced for completion in the present automu. Ten Parts are already published. It is expected that the whole work will make about twenty-six.

Fine Arts in India.—Among the fine Arts of India its architectural monuments, erected when its Mohamedan conquerors were in the zenith of their power, deserve especial mention: and of these the TAUJ of AGRA is one of the most splendid. Of this many exquisitely beautiful and accurate draw. ings have been made. But the Tauj has, beside its size, a character of beautiful simplicity, both in unity of its design, and the purity and richness of materials, which it is utterly impossible to represent in a drawing. A model of this majestic pile, in ivory, on a scale of three inches to ten feet, was begun at Delhi, by the late Capt. Fordyce, but has been chiefly exe. ented and completed by Capt. G. Hutchinson. This splendid and accurate work of art has arrived at Calcutta, previous to its being sent to England, where it will take the lead of all similar works, and be considered, as it is, the very first and most beautiful model of architectural skill, as well as of the skill, taste, and patient labour of those who have done themselves and their country honour by such work. The forming of this model occupied a period of twelve years, about the same time as that in which the original was constructed.

Travels through the Holy Land and Egypt, illustrated with engravings, are preparing for the press, by W. R. WILSON, Esq.

The chef d'œuvre of Rubens, the celebrated Chapeau de Paille, has recently been sold at Antwerp, for the immense sum of 76,000 francs, or 31914. 13s. 4d. sterling! It was purchased by Mr. Smith, of London; it is supposed, for the Marquis of Stafford's gallery.

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Sir W. Congreve's Patent for destroying Whales. It appears that, in February, 1772, “ a trial was made, under the inspection of a committee of the Society of Arts, opposite the Orchard House, near Blackwall, by discharging a harpoon at an artificial fore-part of a whale, constracted with hoops, canvas, &c. from a swivel gun, at the distance of forty yards. The first charge was only with half an ounce of powder, which proved too weak to throw the instrument home. The next proof was with an ounce charge, which carried the harpoon effectually through the work, which, in a real whale, must have done the intended execution." In what, therefore, does the originality of Sir W.'s patent consist?

A work on mineralogy is about to be published in Germany, by Professor Mонs, of Freyberg. It will contain the terminology, the rules of the constructions of Mr. Moh's system, and the nomenclature, the characteristic and the descriptive part of natural history. The whole will be comprised in two volumes, 8vo. with plates. An English translation will appear at the same time, made under the inspection of the author, by Mr. Haidinger.

Dispatch in Printing. The new novel, the Fortunes of Nigel, upwards of 500 pages, duodecimo, was put to press in New York on Thursday morning, completed the next day, and ready for sale on Saturday morning, at eight o'clock, by the different booksellers. New York Post, July 18.

France. The Coquille, commanded by Lieut. Duperry, sailed from Toulon on the 11th of August, on a voyage of discovery round the world. She will proceed first to the Cape of Good Hope; thence she visits the western part of New Holland, and then the great Archipelago of Asia; and return to France by doubling Cape Horn, She is fitted up with every necessary and convenience for so long and arduous a voyage. Interesting results may be expected from this undertaking.

ERRATUM.-At page 127 of the present number, in line 3 from the bottom, for wood plates read wood into plates.

London

JOURNAL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES.

No. XXII.

31

Recent Patents.

To the HoN. WILLIAM ERSKINE COCHRANE, of Somerset Street, Portman Square, London, for certain Improvements in the Construction of Lamps, whereby they are rendered capable of burning concrete Oils, Animal Fat, and other similar inflammable Substances.

THE chief design in these improved lamps is to burn tallow instead of oil; the tallow being made fluid by means of metallic bars or rods, which conduct the heat from the flame of the lamp through the metal down to the tallow in the reservoir. Plate IX. fig. 1, represents the section of a lamp constructed according to the improved principle, so as to be capable of burning concrete oil or tallow. This lamp is similar in form to those called Sinumbra or French lamps, where the reservoir is made in the form of a hoop surrounding the burner, but so as to obstruct the rays of light as little as possible.

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