The Works of Nathaniel Lardner

THE

WORKS

NATHANIEL LARDNER, D.D.

IN FIVE VOLUMES.

VOL. IV.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY T. BENSLEY,
Bolt Court, Fleet Street,

FOR

THOMAS HAMILTON, 33, PATERNOSTER ROW.

1815.

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Preface

CONTENTS OF THE FOURTH VOLUME.

XII.

XIV. The Emperor Titus Antoninus the Pious

TESTIMONIES OF ANTIENT HEATHENS.

Pliny the Younger, and Trajan

Epictetus the Stoic Philosopher

The Emperor Adrian

Bruttius Præsens

Phlegon, Thallus, and Dionysius the Areopagite

Sect, 1. The Emperor Marcus Antoninus the Philosopher

2. Of the Persecutions in his Time

S. A remarkable Deliverance of this Emperor in his Wars in Ger-
many, and the History of the Thundering Legion considered

Apuleius of Madaura in Africa

A general account of the early adversaries of the Christians, who wrote

against them: Celsus, Porphyry, Hierocles, Julian, Fronto, and some

others

Celsus

Sect. 1. His time, and character, and his work against the Christians

2. Passages in Celsus, presenting the Jewish expectation of the

Messiah

3. Passages of Celsus containing references to the books of the

New Testament

4. Passages of Celsus concerning Christian Facts, chiefly such

as are recorded in the New Testament

5. Passages of Celsus concerning Christian principles

6. Passages concerning the progress of the Christian religion

7. Passages of Celsus, in which he chargeth the Christians with

magical practices

8. Of Christian worship, and their assemblies

9. Passages in Celsus concerning those called Heretics

10. Passages in Celsus, containing calumnies, or injurious reflec-

tions upon the Christians

11. Remarks upon the Work of Celsus against the Christians, and

upon Origen's Answer to it

12. The Recapitulation

13. Three summaries of the fragments of the works of Celsus pre-

served in Origen, made by three several learned men

Lucian of Samosata

Ælius Aristides the Sophist, and Dion Chrysostom

Galen

Conclusion of the second century

The persecution of Severus, and Spartian's testimony to it

XXVIII. The persecution of Maximin the First, or the Thracian

XXIX. The Emperor Philip,--The question considered, whether he was a

Christian

Chap. XXX.

The Emperor Decius

XXXI. The Emperor Gallus

XXXII. The Emperors Valerian and Gallienus

XXXIII. Amelius

XXXIV. Longinus

XXXV. Numenius

XXXVI. The Emperor Aurelian

XXXVII. Porphyry

XXXVIII. Six writers of the Augustan history

XXXIX. Two-authors who wrote against the Christians in the time of Dioclesian's

persecution, the one anonymous, the other supposed to be Hierocles.

Where also of Apollonius Tyanæus, and the two lives of Pythagoras

written by Porphyry and Jainblichus

An Appendix to Chap. XXXIX.

Dioclesian's persecution of the Christians

A review of the foregoing period, from the beginning of the third century

to the conversion of Constantine: with some general observations

upon the state of Christianity under heathen emperors

Alexander of Lycopolis, in Egypt

Hierocles of Alexandria

A review of the Jewish and Heathen testimonies in the several volumes of

this work

The State of Gentilism under Christian Emperors.

SECT

1 Imperial laws concerning Gentile people and their worship

2 A Consultation and Divination of heathen people in the time of Valens, about the year 373

11 Rome besieged, taken, and sacked by Alaric the Goth, in the year 410

12 The Correspondence between Augustine and Volusian in the year 4t2

3 The Petition of the Roman senate to Valentinian the younger in the year 384, that the Altar of

Victory, which had been removed by Gratian, might be restored

4 The Correspondence between Maximus of Madaura and Augustine in the year 390

5 The demolition of the temple of Serapis at Alexandria, and other temples in Egypt, and some

temples elsewhere, in the year 391

6 A pretended Heathen Oracle in the year 398, foretelling the period of the Christian religion

7 The demolition of the temple of the goddess Coelestis at Carthage, in the year 399

8 An image of Hercules destroyed by the Christians at Suffecta, in Africa, in the year 399

9 A disturbance at Calama in Numidia in the 408

year

10 The overthrow of Rhadagaisus, a Gothic Prince, in the year 405

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193

209

250

307

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310
361 311
.363 349

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13 The Correspondence between the people of Madaura and Augustine; time uncertain

14 The Correspondence between Augustine and Longinian; time uncertain

15 Observations of Orosius and Augustine upon the treatment given to the Gentiles by Christian

magistrates

16 Concluding observations upon the state of Gentilism under

295
305

394 388

400 392
418 394
425 396

425

397

464 417
485
419

1 The meaning of the word Heresy

2 It is difficult to define what is Heresy, or who is an Heretic

3 Of the causes of Heresies

4 Many mistakes in the writings of those who have published the History of Heresies accounted for

5 The number of Heresies hath been augmented without sufficient reason

6 Most Heresies of the two first centuries may be reduced to two kinds

7 Heretics have been often treated with great acrimony

8 Heretics have been greatly calumniated

9 The ancient Heretics believed the Unity of God

10 They made great use of the scriptures

11 Some of them also used apocryphal books

12 They respected the apostles and apostolic traditions

13 The ancient Heresiarchs were generally men of letters, and are said to have borrowed most of

their peculiar notions from some of the sects of philosophers

14 This variety of opinion is no just objection against the truth of the Christian religion

15 Curiosity and Inquisitiveness of mind were dispositions frequently indulged by Heretics

16 Heretics were not in general solicitous about little matters, and were moderate towards those who

differed from them

17 Pernicious consequences supposed to arise from some of their doctrines, were charged upon them,

though they did not admit them

18 The seeds of these Heresies were sown in the days of the apostles

BOOK THE SECOND.

THE HISTORY OF PARTICULAR HERETICS.

CHAPTER I.

OF SATURNINUS.

1 Of his opinions, as given us by Irenæus

2 He was an obscure person, and had probably but few followers

CHAPTER IL

OF BASILIDES.

1 Of his time

2 The account of him, as given by Irenæus and other ancient authors

S An examination of several of the opinions attributed to him

4 Concerning his notion of 365 heavens

5 He believed the world was made by angels, the chief of whom presided over the Jews

6 His opinions concerning the person of Christ

7 Of the story of Simon the Cyrenian, and whether he believed that Christ suffered

8 Beausobre's view of the sentiments of Basilides concerning Christ

9 He believed the baptisin of Jesus

10 He is said to have partaken of things offered to idols, and to have denied the necessity or reason-

ableness of suffering martyrdom

11 He believed that the soul only would be saved.

12 He is falsely accused of believing that actions are indifferent in their own nature

13 A probable account of the foundation of this charge

14 He is also accused of using magic and incantations

15 Of the meaning of Caulacau, and his definition of faith and hope

16 of the name Abraxas, which he is said to have given to the prince of the heavens

513

519

521

523

525

526

527

529

530

531
ib.

533
ib.

540

ib.

541

ib.

542

543

544

345

ib.

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