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(1815); previously one line "Next morning, as had been resolved, the Boy." L. 450 (1820); previously "Would break the heart: - Old Michael found it so." L. 456,

66

up to sun and cloud" (1836); previously "up upon the sun" (1800-1827); "up towards the sun" (1832). A few trivial changes are not here recorded.

In edd. 1802-1805 is a note on "Richard Bateman " (1. 258), "The story alluded to here is well known in the country. The chapel is called Ings Chapel; and is on the right hand side of the road leading from Kendal to Ambleside." Another note is given (1800-1805) on 1. 324 : "It may be proper to inform some readers, that a sheepfold in these mountains is an unroofed building of stone walls, with different divisions. It is generally placed by the side of a brook, for the convenience of washing the sheep; but it is also useful as a shelter for them, and as a place to drive them into, to enable the shepherds conveniently to single out one or more for any particular purpose."-ED.

The Widow on Windermere Side (page 320).

She

The facts recorded in this Poem were given me, and the character of the person described, by my friend the Rev. R. P. Graves, who has long officiated as curate at Bowness, to the great benefit of the parish and neighbourhood. The individual was well known to him. died before these verses were composed. It is scarcely worth while to notice that the stanzas are written in the sonnet form, which was adopted when I thought the matter might be included in twenty-eight lines. I. F.

Written 1837 (?); first published 1842. No change of text. We have no evidence as to the precise date; but Mr. Graves, who gave the subject to Wordsworth, has a strong, and he believes a well-founded, impression that it was written about 1837.-ED.

The Armenian Lady's Love (page 322).

Written at Rydal Mount. - I. F.

Dated by Wordsworth 18303; first published 1835. Text unchanged, except stanza xxii (dating, as now, from 1836), which originally stood thus:

"Fancy (while, to banners floating
High on Stolberg's Castle walls,
Deafening noise of welcome mounted,
Trumpets, Drums, and Atabals,)

The devout embraces still, while such tears fell
As made a meeting seem most like a dear farewell."-ED.

Love and Liking (by my sister) (page 329). Written at Rydal Mount. It arose, I believe, out of a casual expression of one of Mr. Swinburne's children.

I. F.

Dated by Wordsworth 1832; first published 1835, with the following note: "In the former editions of the author's Miscellaneous Poems are three pieces, addressed to Children-the following, a few lines excepted, is by the same Writer; and, as it belongs to the same unassuming class of compositions, she has been prevailed upon to consent to its publication." Of the few and slight changes of text, the only one worth notice is 1. 54, which previous to 1843 was:

"They foster all joy, and extinguish all strife."-ED.

Farewell Lines (page 331).

These lines were designed as a farewell to Charles Lamb and his sister, who had retired from the throngs of London to comparative solitude in the village of Enfield. -I. F.

Date uncertain, but between 1825, when Lamb was superannuated, and the close of 1834, the date of Lamb's death; first published 1842. Text unaltered. We may conjecture that the poem was written after a visit to the Lambs in 1828, when Wordsworth must have been in London before and after his tour up the Rhine.-ED.

The Redbreast (page 332).

Written at Rydal Mount. All our cats having been banished the house, it was soon frequented by redbreasts. Two or three of them, when the window was open, would come in, particularly when Mrs. Wordsworth was breakfasting alone. My sister being then confined to her room by sickness as, dear creature, she still is, had one that without being caged, took up its abode with her, and at night used to perch upon a nail from which a picture had hung. It used to sing and fan her face with its wings in a manner that was very touching.-I. F.

Dated by Wordsworth 1834; first published 1835. In 1835 11, 23, 24 were:

"Till you have marked his heaving breast,
Where tiny sinking, and faint swell,"

Line 54 in 1835 ran:

"And the moon filled the church with light."

In 1845, in the lines from 31 to 36, his, he, and him were changed to hers, she, and her. -ED.

"Her Eyes are Wild" (page 335).

Written at Alfoxden. The subject was reported to me by a lady of Bristol, who had seen the poor creature.-

I. F.

Dated by Wordsworth 1798; first published in " Lyrical Ballads," 1798. Classed in 1815 and 1820 as now under "Poems founded on the Affections." In 1827 and 1832 classed under "Poems of the Imagination." No differences of text in first edition except 1. 24, "breasts" (1798-1815) and 1. 52, " I will" (1798-1832) instead of “ will I."-ED.

“It was an April Morning! fresh and clear" (page 339).

Written at Grasmere. This poem was suggested on the banks of the brook that runs through Easedale, which is, in some parts of its course, as wild and beautiful as brook can be. I have composed thousands of verses by the side of it. I. F.

Dated by Wordsworth 1800; first published 1800. Ll. 9-13 (1845); previously:

"The budding groves appear'd as if in haste
To spur the steps of June; as if their shades
Of various green were hindrances that stood
Between them and their object: yet, meanwhile
There was such deep contentment in the air"

L. 15 until 1845 was: "Yet leafless, seemed as though the countenance."

Emma is Wordsworth's poetical name for his sister Dorothy; compare the "Emmeline" of "To a Butterfly" and "The Sparrow's Nest." Dr. Cradock, Principal of Brasenose College, supposes "Emma's Dell" to be a spot beyond Goody Bridge to the left, where Easedale beck makes a curve and returns to the road two hundred yards farther on: Knight's "Wordsworth," ii. 155. The walk up Easedale was found by William and Dorothy three days after their arrival at Town-end Cottage. It "long remained," said Wordsworth, "our favourite haunt." Knight's "Life of Wordsworth," iii. 439. -ED.

To Joanna (page 341).

Written at Grasmere. The effect of her laugh is an extravagance; though the effect of the reverberation of voices in some parts of the mountains is very striking. There is, in the "Excursion," an allusion to the bleat of a lamb thus re-echoed, and described without any exaggeration, as I heard it, on the side of Stickle Tarn, from the precipice that stretches on to Langdale Pikes.

I. F.

Dated by Wordsworth 1800; first published 1800. In Dorothy Wordsworth's Journal for Aug. 23, 1800, we find: "W. read 'Peter Bell' and the poem of 'Joanna,' beside the Rothay by the roadside." Joanna is Joanna Hutchinson, sister of Wordsworth's wife. The changes of text are few. In 1. 2, "The time" (1827) was "Your time" in earlier edd. L. 6 (1836); previously: "Is slow towards the sympathies of them." L. 15 (1836); previously " if you thence are taught." L. 33, "between (1836), "betwixt" (1800-1832); this change is frequently made in the later editions. Ll. 43, 44 (1836); previously:

"Which looks towards the East, I there stopp'd short And trac'd."

L. 72 (1827); previously "Is not for me to tell; but sure I am." L. 83 (1845); previously "Joanna's name upon the living stone."

The "old steeple-tower" is that of Grasmere church; the " lofty firs" are now gone. The "tall rock that eastward looks," is, according to Knight, a portion of Helm crag. No inscribed rock bearing Joanna's name is known. Hammar-scar, a name now disused, was "applied to some rocks on the flank of Silver-how, to the wood around them, and also to the gorge between Silver-how and Loughrigg" (Knight). The lines which tell of the echoing laughter, as Coleridge notes ("Biog. Lit." ii. 113, ed. 1847) are influenced by lines in Drayton's "Polyolbion," a poem known to Wordsworth. They occur in the Thirtieth Song, which treats of Westmoreland and Cumberland :

"Which Copland scarce had spoke, but quickly every hill, Upon her verge that stands, the neighbouring vallies fill;

Helvillon from his height, it through the mountains

threw,

From whom as soon again, the sound Dunbalrase drew,
From whose stone-trophied head, it on to Wendross went,
Which tow'rds the sea again, resounded it to Dent,
That Brodwater therewith within her banks astound,
In sailing to the sea, told it to Egremound
Whose buildings, walks, and streets, with echoes loud and

long, Did mightily commend old Copland for her song."(Drayton's Works, p. 384, ed. 1748.)

The poem is ideal in its representation of Joanna as city-bred, and in its reference to time in 1. 13.-ED.

“There is an Eminence" (page 344).

It is not accurate that the Eminence here alluded to could be seen from our orchard-seat. It rises above the road by the side of Grasmere lake, towards Keswick, and its name is Stone-Arthur.-I. F.

Dated by Wordsworth 1800; first published 1800. In 1. 5, "Peak" (1843) was previously "Cliff." L. 17 (1815); previously "Hath said, this lonesoine Peak shall bear my Name."--ED.

A narrow girdle of rough stones and crags(page 344).

The character of the eastern shore of Grasmere lake is quite changed, since these verses were written, by the public road being carried along its side. The friends spoken of were Coleridge and my Sister, and the facts occurred strictly as recorded.-I. F.

Dated by Wordsworth 1800; first published 1800. In Dorothy Wordsworth's Journal we read, Oct. 10, 1800: "William sat up after me writing 'Point Rash Judgment." Mr. T. Hutchinson writes to me: "A careful perusal of Dorothy's Journal for the latter part of August and opening of September, 1800, has convinced me that the incident recorded in this poem took place on 1st Sept.: 'Morning delightful with something of autumnal freshness,' cf. ll. 7, 8, 39, 45, 68 (mist, haze): 'the busy mirth of reapers' (11. 40, 41). Cf. Journal 31 Aug. 'My friend, myself, and she' (1. 75), see Journal, Sept. 1, Wordsworth, Dorothy, and Coleridge." The conjecture seems a happy one. Ll. 18-21 replaced in 1815 the earlier lines:

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