as the probable gain may scarcely balance the loss actually sustained. Frequent or extensive changes are never deemed expedient in the management either of families or of communities. It is not possible to foresee all the consequences which may arise from such revolutions; and hence in general, though I grant it is often more the love of ease than the consideration of utility that operates, men prefer the ills they know, to fleeing to others which they know not. It would not be difficult to pull out the pins, and break the main-springs of our moral machinery; but it might be found impracticable to bring it soon again into efficient operation. It is easy to cut down and to destroy, compared with the labour of building and planting.

For similar reasons, I do not think such an extensive re-modelling requisite. I think the faults of the present system greatly exaggerated; the good effected by it understated or overlooked, and the anticipated advantages of the more excellent way too highly coloured. Various plans at present in operation require amendment, and they are susceptible of it, without admitting that they are fundamentally defective, or requiring that the whole framework should be taken to pieces. To this

extent, I think, some of the author's views call for attentive consideration, and will not, I trust, be entirely lost, though his main object should fail.

I apprehend this ingenious writer attaches rather more importance than is correct, to what he calls a peculiarity of means, which he seems to think must be nicely studied in every case in which we send the gospel to a people. Now, without disputing the general principle, that the means must be adapted to the end, I conceive that we may be greatly misled by it, if we adopt human views of adaptation as a main principle in our attempts to evangelize the world. It would bring the doctrine of expediency into operation to a far greater extent than has ever yet been the case. It would reduce the advancement of the kingdom of God very much to a thing of human calculation. I cannot think that the appropriateness of the agent, or of the means, have been hitherto altogether neglected. Every man has not been thought qualified for every place, or for every kind of employment. The work has not been carried on so much at random as our author supposes; errors and faults have been committed, but all has not been error and absurdity. The wisdom which selected and sent forth Henry Martyn, or William Carey, or

Robert Morrison, and all missionary wisdom has not been entirely expended upon them, should not be forgotten in the glare or splendour of a favourite scheme, or in the zeal to censure that which is far from perfect.

On another point also, I venture to suggest my conviction, that the author has far too lofty ideas of what may be effected by an extensive plan, whose wisdom and energy would be demonstrable to all the world. He seems to think, that if there were no fundamental lack of this nature, that no doubt could be entertained of its certain and universal success. 1 trust I shall never be an advocate for evil or imperfection, or stand in the way of adopting any plan which comes recommended by Scripture, or by its obvious utility. Yet I must avow my belief, that the genius and design of christianity are not favourable to this view of its propagation. In general, the more of man that appears in the work, the less there is of God. The whole history of its diffusion, hitherto, has not reflected great honour on the instruments or means employed. Its success in any country, hitherto, will not justify the christian church in saying, "By the strength of my hand I have done it, and by my wisdom, for I am prudent." Here, as in other departments of

his great dispensation, the Lord of Hosts seems to have purposed to stain the pride of all human glorying, and to bring into contempt the things which are most esteemed among men.

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Not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, have been employed in calling others to the knowledge of the truth. But God hath chosen the foolish things of the world to confound the wise, and the weak things of the world to confound the mighty, and the base things of the world, and things which are despised, hath God chosen; yea, and things which are not, to bring to nought things that are, that no flesh may glory in his presence."

I am fully aware that this mode of reasoning is liable to abuse, and that we are not to defend our folly or imprudence, by reference to the means which God sometimes makes use of. But when christian means for the diffusion of the gospel are represented as fundamentally defective, because they are imperfect, or have been unwisely employed; and when it is proposed to supersede them by a magnificent scheme of human framing, it is proper to revert to the nature and genius of that system which we are engaged in propagating.

One great object of the pamphlet which has

called forth these remarks, is to establish the importance and necessity of placing all the exertions and institutions of a missionary character, under one great episcopal confederacy; the benefits of which, the author conceives, are almost demonstrable. Yet I have not observed that he has any where stated the precise nature of the plan which should in such a case be adopted, unless the following paragraph can be considered as containing it :

"We assume then the supposition that, with some few and small exceptions, the forms and ritual of the English Church are fixed upon as those which, with least inconvenience, might be sent abroad by a united Missionary Society. It remains then to ask the several classes of Dissenters how much of compromise or concession would actually be required of them in giving their support to such a plan.” P. 94.

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Now surely such a person as the writer of the New Model" cannot want to be informed, that the difference between the Church and the Dissenters, does not merely respect the forms and ritual of the English Church. The mere adoption of these, he cannot imagine, would go a great way to convert the heathen, or even to prove that there is a substantial union among the friends of christianity. If he proposes to carry the union further-that all