'not yet reached this is Christianity and Christendom ;

a Symbol of quite perennial, infinite character; whose significance will ever demand to be anew inquired into, ' and anew made manifest.

But, on the whole, as Time adds much to the sacredness of Symbols, so likewise in his progress he at 'length defaces, or even desecrates them; and Symbols, like all terrestrial Garments, wax old. Homer's Epos, ' has not ceased to be true; yet it is no longer our Epos, but shines in the distance, if clearer and clearer, yet 'also smaller and smaller, like a receding Star. It ' needs a scientific telescope, it needs to be reinterpreted and artificially brought near us, before we can so much " as know that it was a Sun. So likewise a day comes ' when the Runic Thor, with his Eddas, must withdraw ' into dimness; and many an African Mumbo-Jumbo, 'and Indian Wau-Wau be utterly abolished. For all things, even Celestial Luminaries, much more, atmospheric meteors, have their rise, their culmination, 'their decline.'

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Small is this which thou tellest me that the Royal Sceptre is but a piece of gilt-wood; that the Pyx has become a most foolish box, and truly, as Ancient Pistol thought, "of little price." A right Conjuror might I name thee, couldst thou conjure back into these wooden 'tools the divine virtue they once held.'

'Of this thing however be certain: wouldst thou plant 'for Eternity, then plant into the deep infinite faculties of man, his Fantasy and Heart; wouldst thou plant for 'Year and Day, then plant into his shallow superficial 'faculties, his Self-love and Arithmetical Understanding, what will grow there. A Hierarch, therefore, and

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Pontiff of the World will we call him, the Poet and 'inspired Maker; who, Prometheus-like, can shape new Symbols, and bring new Fire from Heaven to fix it there. Such too will not always be wanting; neither 'perhaps now are. Meanwhile, as the average of matters goes, we account him Legislator and wise who can so 'much as tell when a Symbol has grown old, and gently " remove it.

When, as the last English Coronation* was preparing,' concludes this wonderful Professor, I read in 'their Newspapers that the "Champion of England," 'he who must offer battle to the Universe for his new King, had brought it so far that he could now mount his horse with little assistance," I said to myself: Here 'also we have a Symbol well nigh superannuated. Alas, move whithersoever you may, are not the tatters and 'rags of superannuated worn-out Symbols (in this Rag'fair of a World) dropping off every where, to hoodwink, 'to halter, to tether you; nay, if you shake them not 'aside, threatening to accumulate, and perhaps produce 'suffocation.'

* That of George IV.-ED.

CHAPTER IV.

HELOTAGE.

At this point we determine on adverting shortly, or rather reverting, to a certain Tract of Hofrath Heuschrecke's, entitled Institute for the Repression of Population; which lies, dishonourably enough (with torn leaves, and a perceptible smell of aloetic drugs), stuffed into the Bag Pisces. Not indeed for the sake of the Tract itself, which we admire little; but of the marginal Notes, evidently in Teufelsdröckh's hand, which rather copiously fringe it. A few of these may be in their right place here.

Into the Hofrath's Institute, with its extraordinary schemes, and machinery of Corresponding Boards and the like, we shall not so much as glance. Enough for us to understand that Heuschrecke is a disciple of Malthus; and so zealous for the doctrine, that his zeal almost literally eats him up. A deadly fear of Population possesses the Hofrath; something like a fixed-idea; undoubtedly akin to the more diluted forms of Madness. Nowhere, in that quarter of his intellectual world, is there light; nothing but a grim shadow of Hunger; open mouths opening wider and wider; a world to terminate by the frightfullest consummation: by its too dense inhabitants, famished into delirium, universally eating one another. To make air for himself in which

strangulation, choking enough to a benevolent heart, the Hofrath founds, or proposes to found, this Institute of his, as the best he can do. It is only with our Professor's comments thereon that we concern ourselves.

First, then, remark that Teufelsdröckh, as a speculative Radical, has his own notions about human dignity; that the Zähdarm palaces and courtesies have not made him forgetful of the Futteral cottages. On the blank cover of Heuschrecke's Tract, we find the following indistinctly engrossed:

'Two men I honour, and no third. First, the toil worn 'Craftsman that with earth-made Implement laboriously conquers the Earth, and makes her man's. Venerable

'to me is the hard Hand; crooked, coarse ; wherein notwithstanding lies a cunning virtue, indefeasibly royal, as of the Sceptre of this Planet. Venerable too is the ' rugged face, all weather-tanned, besoiled, with its rude. 'intelligence; for it is the face of a Man living manlike. 'Oh, but the more venerable for thy rudeness, and even 'because we must pity as well as love thee! Hardlyentreated Brother! For us was thy back so bent, for us were thy straight limbs and fingers so deformed: 'thou wert our Conscript, on whom the lot fell, and 'fighting our battles wert so marred. For in thee too 'lay a god-created Form, but it was not to be unfolded; 'encrusted must it stand with the thick adhesions and defacements of Labour; and thy body like thy soul was 6 not to know freedom. Yet toil on, toil on thou art in thy duty, be out of it who may; thou toilest for the al'together indispensable, for daily bread.

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'A second man I honour, and still more highly: Him who is seen toiling for the spiritually indispensable; not

daily bread, but the Bread of Life. Is not he too in his duty; endeavouring towards inward Harmony; revealing this, by act or by word, through all his outward ' endeavours, be they high or low? Highest of all, 'when his outward and his inward endeavour are one : when we can name him Artist; not earthly Craftsman ' only, but inspired Thinker, that with heaven-made Im'plement conquers Heaven for us! If the poor and 'humble toil that we have Food, must not the high and glorious toil for him in return, that he have Light, have Guidance, Freedom, Immortality?—These two, in all 'their degrees, I honour: all else is chaff and dust, which 'let the wind blow whither it listeth.

Unspeakably touching is it, however, when I find both dignities united; and he that must toil outwardly for the lowest of man's wants, is also toiling inwardly 'for the highest. Sublimer in this world know I nothing than a Peasant Saint, could such now any where 'be met with. Such a one will take thee back to Naza'reth itself; thou wilt see the splendour of Heaven spring forth from the humblest depths of Earth, like a light shining in great darkness.'

And again: 'It is not because of his toils that I la

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ment for the poor: we must all toil, or steal (howsoever we name our stealing), which is worse; no faithful ' workman finds his task a pastime. The poor is hungry ' and athirst, but for him also there is food and drink he 'is heavy-laden and weary; but for him also the Heavens 'send Sleep, and of the deepest; in his smoky cribs, a 'clear dewy heaven of Rest envelopes him, and fitful 'glitterings of cloud-skirted Dreams. But what I do ' mourn over is that the lamp of his soul should go out ;