1 Including bullion and specie. 2 The statistics of population are for 1898; of finance, for 1897-98; of commerce, for 1897; of shipping, for 1897. 3 In the area of British India Upper Burmah is included. The financial statistics are for 1896-97, in tens of rupees; the commercial, for 1897-98, rupee at 18. 31d.; only the sea-borne trade is given and only merchandise in the trade with U.K.; the shipping is for 1897-98. 4 For Gibraltar and 6 Trade 8 Dollar at 28. 10 For Canada and Malta there are no complete trade returns. 5 Trade of 1897-98, rupee at 18. 34d. of 1897, rupee at 18. 31d. 7 Hong Kong dollar at 48. 2d.; Labuan dollar at 28. 9 Finance stated in tens of rupees; for trade the rupee taken at 18. 31d. Newfoundland the dollar is at 48. 1d. The Canadian registered shipping includes that f inland navigation. The area of Newfoundland alone is 42,000 square miles. 11 Gold d at 48. lid. II. FINANCE AND COMMERCE OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES. The following statistics relating to the financial and commercial condition of various countries have been put together for convenience of reference, not for the purpose of comparison. Revenue and expenditure, which in some states are raised and expended by local authorities, are in others included in the national accounts; debt in some countries is incurred merely for the sake of profitable investment, while in others it is unproductive and burdensome; in some states the creditors are citizens, while in others they are foreigners; debt charges generally include more or less amortisation, but sometimes only the interest is stated. With respect to trade, the figures in general (though not invariably) show the special imports (or those for home consumption), and the special exports (or those of home produce and manufactures). For the United Kingdom the general imports are given, and the exports of the produce and manufactures of the Kingdom. Specie and bullion are generally (not invariably) excluded. For the United Kingdom the values are the declared values; for the United States and Japan the invoice values; for other countries generally official values, each country having its own system of valuation. The statistics are, in most cases, for the calendar year 1897, or the fiscal year 1897-98. |