SENSE OF TASTE.

1. Bodies acting on the sense of Taste

2. Organ of Taste ;-description of the Tongue

3. Local distribution of the sensibility of the tongue

4. Mode of action in taste

5. Sensations of Taste; complex sensibility of the tongue

6. Order of Classification

4. Organ of Smell:-description of the Nose
5. Action of odours-the presence of oxygen necessary to smell

1. Position assigned to Touch by physiologists. Touch an intel-

6. Sensations :-(I.) Emotional Sensations-Soft Touch
7. Pungent and painful sensations of touch

CONTENTS.

8. Other painful sensations of the skin-Tickling

9. (II.) Sensations of Temperature (Intellectual)

10. (III.) The Intellectual Sensations of Touch proper :-(1.) Im-
pressions of distinguishable Points-Weber's observations

12. (IV.) Sensations of Touch involving Muscular perceptions: :-

Weight, Pressure, Resistance; Elasticity; Roughness, and

Smoothness; increase of sensibility by movement

..

13. Extension ;—movement by itself inadequate to give the Motion

of Extended Matter, or of Space. How the sense of Touch

contributes to this perception. Elements of the contrast

between the Successive and the Co-existing. Lineal ex-

tent; superficial extent; solid extent

14. Distance, Direction, Situation, Form

15. Accompaniment of activity in the senses generally

16. Touch concerned in handicraft operations

17. How far Touch can be a substitute for sight

18. Subjective feelings of Touch

:

SENSE OF HEARING.

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PAGE.

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170

172

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181

186

188

189

ib.

ib.

3. Action of the parts of the ear in the sensation of sound

12. Articulate sounds. Helmholtz's explanation of the vowel sounds

3. Conditions of perfect vision

4. Adaptation of the eye to vision at different distances..

5. Of single vision with two eyes. Binocular Vision:-Wheatstone's

ib.

208

219

222

223

226

7. Sensations of Sight

8. Sensation of mere Light

9. Colour..

10. Artificial lights

11. Lustre.-Explanation of the cause of lustre

12. Complex sensations of sight. Optical and Muscular effects

PAGE

226

ib.

229

ib.

230

ib.

231

234

236

237

238

ib.

13. Visible Movements :-pleasures of muscular movement; per-

manent imagery of the intellect

14. Visible Form :-the distinction between Succession, and the

simultaneous, or Co-existence in Space

15. Apparent size;—exceeding delicacy of our discrimination of

retinal magnitude

18. Extent of the intellectual imagery derived through the eye

CHAPTER III

OF THE APPETITES.

1. Appetite, a species of Volition. Enumeration of Appetites

3. The Reflex, Automatic or Involuntary Actions defined; their

I. The Reflex Actions governing the organic processes through

the involuntary muscles :- Rhythm of the heart. Vaso-motor

action-its influence on the secretions and the excretions.

Movements of the intestines; Deglutition-its three stages;

Colic and Diarrhoea; Vomiting

247

ib.

CONTENTS.

II. Reflex Actions affecting organic processes through the volun-

tary muscles;-Respiration; coughing; sneezing; sucking

III. Reflex Actions affecting the organic functions by the medium

of the cerebro-spinal centres and the involuntary muscles;

-Salivation; flow of tears; winking of the eye; movements

of the iris

IV. Reflex Actions involving voluntary muscles stimulated by

the cerebro-spinal centres ;-movements of the ciliary

muscle; movements in the ear; reflex movements of the

senses generally

Actions improperly included under the designation Reflex'

Most general laws at present attainable regarding Reflex Action

Resemblances between Reflex Action and Voluntary Action

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PAGK

250

255

256

257

259

261

4. The locomotive rhythm. Proofs of the instinctive origin of this

5. It implies an arrangement for reciprocating each limb

6. Also an alternate movement of corresponding limbs

7. Lastly, a vermicular propagation of movement

8. Associated or consensual movements.-Associated actions of the

9. Law of harmony of state of the muscular system

10. One sense instinctively acting for another

THE INSTINCTIVE PLAY OF FEELING.

11. Movements and effects diffused under Feeling. Müller on

'Movements due to the passions of the mind'

12. Sir Charles Bell on the Movements of the face

13. Muscles of the face concerned in expression. -Muscles of the

15. Muscles connected with the movements of the Mouth
16. The Voice, Diaphragm, and the muscles generally, as affected

under Feeling
17. Organic effects of Feeling.-The Lachrymal Gland, the Sexual
Organs, the Digestive Organs, the Skin, the Heart, the
Lungs, and the Lacteal Gland in women

18. Pleasure connected with an increase, and Pain with an abatement

of the vital functions. Examples from the agents of pleasure

and pain

19. The manifestations of feeling considered with reference to the
foregoing principle. The existence of specific muscles of
pain accounted for. The lively manifestations of acute pain

PAGE

21. Exceptions to the principle that connects Pleasure with increased

vitality

22. A principle of Stimulation must also be admitted :-Natural

stimulants of the Senses; Narcotics

23. Stimulation might be considered the sole principle; but it is

better to allow both principles. Country and city life

THE INSTINCTIVE GERM OF VOLITION.

24. Spontaneous actions at the foundation of the will. Müller on

the first commencement of voluntary acts

292

293

295

296

25. Spontaneity by itself insufficient. Voluntary command of the

organs not instinctive

26. Primordial connexion between feelings and movements:-The

law that connects pleasure with increased energy

27. Examples from the effects of pain ..

28. Sucking in the infant. Relief from pain

298

300

29. Instinct of self-preservation a mode of volition

Fundamental attributes of Thought or Intelligence

Consciousness of Difference-Law of Relativity

2. Effects of repetition on the spontaneous and the instinctive

321

ib.

323

324

325

327

328