the old territorial divisions of Italy, both as regards their exports to the United Kingdom, and British imports into them, in each of the five years, 1866 to 1870 :

The chief articles of export from the Two Sicilies are olive oil and brimstone, the first of the value of 618,9031., and the second of 381,8541. in 1870. From Sardinia and the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian ports, the exports are miscellaneous, not one of them, except lead and zinc ores, averaging 90,000l. per annum; while the only article of note from Tuscany is olive oil, 123,1717. in value in 1870. Cotton goods form the staple import of the United Kingdom into Italy. The Two Sicilies took 897,1127. in 1870; Sardinia 483,9637.; Tuscany 517,6351.; and the Adriatic ports of Ancona and the Romagna 158,9341. With the former Papal States, the intercourse is very slight; the total British imports not amounting to more than 10,7647., and the exports to the United Kingdom to 24,9747. in the year 1870.

The number and tonnage of merchant vessels belonging to the kingdom, inclusive of Venice, on January 1, 1868, was as follows:

Y

According to an official return, the kingdom of Italy had a seafaring population of 176,491 grown-up male individuals at the commencement of 1869. At the commencement of 1866, the number was 155,747, without Venetia.

The following table gives the length, the number of passengers conveyed, and the traffic receipts of the railways of Italy, in the years 1867 and 1868:

According to a report presented, in April 1871, to the Chamber of Deputies by the Minister of Public Works, there were at that time completed and at work, 906 chilometros, or 563 English miles

of state railway. In the course of 1871 and 1872, a further length of 215 chilometros was to be finished and opened for public traffic. The Minister informed the Chamber that he confidently anticipated that in the course of the year 1874 the whole of the railways of which the Government had undertaken the construction would be completed. The aggregate length of these lines will reach nearly 2,000 chilometros, or 1,250 English miles, and will have cost in construction 500,000,000 lire or 20,000,000l. sterling.

The number of post-offices in the kingdom at the commencement of 1869, was 2,751. In the year 1868 the Post conveyed 81,150,000 letters, and 65,000,000 printed parcels. The total revenue of the Post Office in 1868 amounted to 15,976,520 lire, or 639,0617., and the expenditure to 16,892,301 lire, or 675,6927.

The length of telegraph lines, at the commencement of 1869, was 16,152 chilometros, nearly two-thirds of the whole belonging to the government. There were, at the same date, 1,089 telegraph offices. The number of private telegrams forwarded in the year 1868 throughout the kingdom was 1,707,214, and of official telegrams 229,761. The total revenue from telegraphs, in 1868, was 5,815,680 lire, or 232,6271., being less than the cost of manage

ment.

Money, Weights, and Measures.

The money, weights, and measures of Italy are the same as those of France, the names only being altered, the Franc changing into the Lira, divided into 100 centisimi, the Kilogramme into the Chilogramma, the Mètre into the Metro, the Hectare into the Ellara, and so on. In the former Papal States alone, the old monetary denominations, represented by the Roman Scudo, worth 4s. 3d., and its subdivision into 10 Paoli, or 100 Bajocchi, are partly retained in common use, although abolished in 1867 in favour of the French metric system. Of the latter, the British equivalents are :—

Statistica Amministrativa del Regno d'Italia. Riveduta ed ampliata per cura del Ministero dell' interno. 4. Firenze, 1871.

Annuario Pontificio. 8. Roma, 1871.

Annuario Generale dell' Industria e Commercio del Regno d'Italia per l'Anno 1870. 8. Firenze, 1871.

Annuario del Ministero delle Finanze del Regno d'Italia. 4. Firenze, 1871. Annuario Ufficiale della Marina Italiana. 4. Torino, 1871.

Movimento della Navigazione Italiana all' Estero. Anno 1869. 4. Firenze,

1871.

Movimento della Navigazione nei Porti del Regno d'Italia. Pesca del pesce e del corallo; Marineria mercantile; Costruzioni navali; Infortuni marittimi. Anno 1869. 4. Firenze, 1871.

6

Statistica della Popolazione. Parte I. Censimento generale (31 dic. 1861) per cura della direzione della statistica generale del Regno. 8. Firenze, 1867. Report by Mr. Herries, British Secretary of Legation, on the Trade and Navigation of Italy in the year 1868, dated July 22, 1869; in Reports of H. M.'s Secretaries of Embassy and Legation.' No. I., 1870. London, 1870. Reports by Mr. Herries, Secretary of Legation, on the Industrial and Financial Condition of Italy, dated July 1866, Feb. 18, and April 1, 1867; in Reports of H. M.'s Secretaries of Embassy and Legation.' Nos. I., IV. and V., 1867. London, 1867.

Report by Mr. Herries, Secretary of Legation, on the Finances, Trade, and Navigation of Italy, dated January 30, 1869; in Reports of H. M.'s Secretaries of Embassy and Legation.' No. III. 1869. 8. London, 1869.

Report by Mr. Alessandro Franz, Secretary of H. M.'s Consul at Rome, on the Trade, Commerce, Agriculture, and Population of Rome, dated August 1869; inReports of H. M.'s Secretaries of Embassy and Legation.' No. I., 1870. 8. London, 1870.

Report by Mr. E. W. Bonham, Consul-General at Naples, on the Tenure of Land in Southern Italy, dated Nov. 6, 1869; in Reports from H. M.'s Representatives respecting the Tenure of Land in the several countries of Europe.' Part I. Fol. London. 1870.

Reports by Mr. D. E. Colnaghi, Consul at Turin, and Mr. A. Franz, Consular Secretary at Rome, on the state of Agriculture and the division of Landed Property in Northern and Central Italy, dated January 1870; in 'Reports from H. M.'s Representatives respecting the Tenure of Land, &c.' Part II. Fol. London, 1870.

Report by Mr. Herries, Secretary of Legation, on the Social and Financial Condition, the state of Agriculture, &c. of Italy; in Reports of H. M.'s Representatives respecting the Tenure of Land in the several countries of Europe.' Part IV. Fol. London, 1871.

Statistical Tables relating to Foreign Countries. Part XII. Fol. London.

2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.

Aliberti (V.) Rivista Amministrativa del regno, giornale ufficiale delle amministrazioni centrali e provinciali, dei Comuni, e degli Istituti di Beneficenza. 8. Torino, 1870.

Anelli (G.) Storia d'Italia dal 1814 al 1863. 4 vols. 8. Milano, 1864. Annuario industriale italiano pel 1870, ossia Dizionario statistico-storicocommerciale d'Italia. 8. Napoli, 1871.

Bodio (Luigi) Sui documenti statistici del Regno d'Italia, cenni bibliografici, presentati al VI Congresso internazionale di statistica. 8. Firenze, 1868. Butt (Isaac) The History of Italy, from the Abdication of Napoleon I. 2 vols. 8. London, 1860.

Castro (Vincenzo de) Relazione sullo Stato dell' Istruzione Primarianel Circondario di Abbiategrasso nell' Anno scolastico 1859-1860, presentatoal Consiglio provinciale per le scuole. 8. Milano, 1862.

Cesare (Carlo de) Il Passato, il Presente e l'Avvenire della Pubblica Amministrazione nel Regno d'Italia. 8. Firenze, 1865.

Cobbe (Frances Power) Italics: Brief Notes on Politics, People, and Places in Italy, in 1864. 8. London, 1865.

Correnti e Maestri (N.) Annuario Statistico Italiano. 8. Torino, 1871. Denechaud (N.) L'Italie, ses finances, sa rente, ses chemins de fer, son industrie et son commerce. 8. 77 pp. Paris, 1865.

Gigli (Ottavio) Gli Istituti di Beneficenza e i Beni Ecclesiastici negli exStati Pontifici. Studii con Documenti inediti. 8. Firenze, 1866.

Guida Generale del Commercio e dell' Industria Italiana per il 1870. 4. Milano, 1871.

La Farina (Giuseppe) Storia d'Italia del 1815 al 1850. 2 vols. 8. Milano,

1864.

Lossa (Augusto) Annuario del commercio ed industria del Regno d'Italia. 8. Firenze, 1871.

Lossow (Ed. v.) Handbuch zur Reise nach und in Italien. 8. Berlin, 1868. Maestri (Dr.) L'Italie économique en 1867. 8. Florence, 1867.

Plebano et Musso (J.) Les Finances du Royaume d'Italie, considérées par rapport à l'histoire, à l'économie publique, à l'administration et à la politique; avec une préface, par M. Paul Boiteau. 8. Paris, 1865.

Reali (prof. Eusebio) Del riordinamento scolastico nel Regno d'Italia. Memoria letta alla R. Accademia dei Fisiocratici in Siena nell' adunanza della classe morale il dì 28 luglio 1867. 8. Siena, 1868.