Examples of responses to "bay," Belgium," "abolition" Words used as meaningless jingle History of recognition of apperception; Rousseau Well-intentioned Pestalozzians went astray. Kindergartens ascribed to children impossible abstract ideas. Interest is a helpful attitude in learning. Illustrated by use of interest in adventure in teaching reading Utilizing children's interests is a business proposition Children's interests call forth spontaneous attention. Sugar-coating justified if it secures properly directed attention. Three questions in evaluating use of an instinctive interest Important instincts used as basis of attention and interest Other instinctive interests utilized recently Children learn to work effectively through interesting activities Only correct practice makes perfect Do not waste time on nonessential processes. Arouse zeal, interest, and concentration of attention Use ready-made scientifically organized drill systems Continue drill until precise standard scores are maintained Give practice in using abstract forms in concrete situations Is incidental drill as good as specific drill? Specific drill especially needed with rich, enticing course of study ILLUSTRATIONS Upper-grade class presenting a morning exercise . Second-grade class using textiles Kindergarten group at lunch Kindergarten band and bandstand Diagram of broadening purposes Page from "New England Primer" Samuel Slater Slater's mill. Girl with hookworm disease Map of activities of Rockefeller Foundation Chart for combating tuberculosis PAGE Frontispiece 8 14 16 18 20 21 26 28 30 36 37 39 Tubercular child with open-air smile. Kindergarten table of large blocks 41 65 Title-page of Bingham's "Columbian Orator Sample page from Bingham's "Columbian Orator" Screen playhouse for kindergarten 'Simple-to-complex " kindergarten constructions . 147 Kindergarten children gardening Kindergarten children raking leaves Seven hills of Rome in sand-pan Saxon settlement in sand-pan Sixth-grade irrigation project in sand-pan A blow for each mistake. Second-grade composition; a riddle Medieval tournament in fifth-grade sand-pan Third grade dramatizing early Chicago Desert types being drawn by geography class . PAGE 180 180 184 185 186 217 224 230 232 236 238 240 274 278 299 300 301 312 KEY TO BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES The books from which quotations are made in the text are included in the bibliographies which are printed at the ends of the chapters. The source of each quotation is indicated (usually at its end) by two figures in parenthesis. The first figure refers to the book by its number in the bibliography at the end of the chapter, and the second figure refers to the page. Thus, (4: 76) means page 76 in the fourth book in the chapter bibliography. This system has been adopted in order that the instructor or student may verify or follow up any quotation, but at the same time the ordinary reader will not be distracted by numerous footnote references which are unimportant in his reading. |