'obeyed the impulse of rude Nature, which bids the deerherd 'fall upon any stricken hart, the duck-flock put to death any 'broken-winged brother or sister, and on all hands the strong 'tyrannise over the weak.' He admits that though 'perhaps in 'an unusual degree morally courageous,' he succeeded ill in battle, and would fain have avoided it; a result, as it would appear, owing less to his small personal stature (for in passionate seasons. he was incredibly nimble'), than to his 'virtuous principles:' 'if 'it was disgraceful to be beaten,' says he, 'it was only a shade less 'disgraceful to have so much as fought; thus was I drawn two 'ways at once, and in this important element of school-history. 'the war element, had little but sorrow.' On the whole, that same excellent Passivity, so notable in Teufelsdröck's childhood, is here visibly enough again getting nourishment. He wept

' often; indeed to such a degree that he was nicknamed Der 'Weinende (the Tearful), which epithet, till towards his thirteenth 'year, was indeed not quite unmerited. Only at rare intervals 'did the young soul burst forth into fire-eyed rage, and, with a 'Stormfulness (Ungestüm) under which the boldest quailed. assert that he too had Rights of Man, or at least of Mankin.' In all which, who does not discern a fine flower-tree and cinna mon-tree (of genius) nigh choked among pumpkins, reedgrass, and ignoble shrubs; and forced, if it would live, to struggle upwards only, and not outwards; into a height quite sickly, and disproportioned to its breadth?

We find, moreover, that his Greek and Latin were 'mechanically' taught; Hebrew scarce even mechanically; much else which they call History, Cosmography, Philosophy, and so forth, no better than not at all. So that, except inasmuch as Nature was still busy; and he himself went about, as was of old his wont, among the Craftsmen's workshops, there learning many things;' and farther lighted on some small store of curious reading, in Hans Wachtel the Cooper's house, where he lodged,—his time, it would appear, was utterly wasted. Which facts the Professor had not yet learned to look upon with any contentment. Indeed, throughout the whole of this Bag Scorpio, where we now are, and often in the following Bag, he shews himself unusually animated

on the matter of Education, and not without some touch of what we might presume to be anger.

'My teachers,' says he, 'were hide-bound Pedants, without 'knowledge of man's nature or of boy's; or of aught save their 'lexicons and quarterly account-books. Innumerable dead Vocables (no dead Language, for they themselves knew no Lan'guage) they crammed into us, and called it fostering the growth of mind. How can an inanimate, mechanical Gerund-grinder, 'the like of whom will, in a subsequent century, be manufactured at Nürnberg out of wood and leather, foster the growth 'of anything; much more of Mind, which grows, not like a vege'table (by having its roots littered with etymological compost), 'but like a Spirit, by mysterious contact of Spirit; Thought 'kindling itself at the fire of living Thought? How shall he 'give kindling, in whose own inward man there is no live coal, 'but all is burnt out to a dead grammatical cinder? The Hin'terschlag Professors knew Syntax enough; and of the human 'soul thus much that it had a faculty called Memory, and could 'be acted on through the muscular integument by appliance of 'birch rods.

'Alas, so is it everywhere, so will it ever be; till the Hodman 'is discharged, or reduced to Hodbearing; and an Architect is ' hired, and on all hands fitly encouraged till communities and 'individuals discover, not without surprise, that fashioning the 'souls of a generation by Knowledge can rank on a level with 'blowing their bodies to pieces by Gunpowder; that with Gene'rals and Field-marshals for killing, there should be world-ho'noured Dignitaries, and were it possible, true God-ordained 'Priests, for teaching. But as yet, though the soldier wears 'openly, and even parades, his butchering-tool, nowhere, far as I 'have travelled, did the Schoolmaster make show of his instruct'ing-tool nay were he to walk abroad with birch girt on thigh, as if he therefrom expected honour, would there not, among the 'idler class, perhaps a certain levity be excited?'

(

In the third year of this Gymnasic period, Father Andreas seems to have died: the young Scholar, otherwise so maltreated, saw himself for the first time clad outwardly in sables, and inwardly in quite inexpressible melancholy. The dark bottomless

'Abyss, that lies under our feet, had yawned open; the pale 'kingdoms of Death, with all their innumerable silent nations ' and generations stood before him; the inexorable word, NEVER! 'now first shewed its meaning. My Mother wept, and her sorrow got vent; but in my heart there lay a whole lake of tears, 'pent up in silent desolation. Nevertheless, the unworn Spirit 'is strong; Life is so healthful that it even finds nourishment in 'Death: these stern experiences, planted down by Memory in 'my Imagination, rose there to a whole cypress-forest, sad but 'beautiful; waving, with not unmelodious sighs, in dark luxu'riance, in the hottest sunshine, through long years of youth:-as ' in manhood also it does, and will do; for I have now pitched 'my tent under a Cypress-tree; the Tomb is now my inexpugna'ble Fortress, ever close by the gate of which I look upon the 'hostile armaments, and pains and penalties, of tyrannous Life 'placidly enough, and listen to its loudest threatenings with a 'still smile. 0 ye loved ones, that already sleep in the noise'less Bed of Rest, whom in life I could only weep for and never 'help; and ye, who wide-scattered still toil lonely in the mon'ster-bearing Desert, dyeing the flinty ground with your blood, -yet a little while, and we shall all meet THERE, and our 'Mother's bosom will screen us all; and Oppression's harness, ' and Sorrow's fire-whip, and all the Gehenna Bailiffs that patrol ' and inhabit ever-vexed Time, cannot thenceforth harm us any ' more!'

Close by which rather beautiful apostrophe, lies a laboured Character of the deceased Andreas Futteral; of his natural ability, his deserts in life (as Prussian Sergeant); with long historical inquiries into the genealogy of the Futteral Family, here traced back as far as Henry the Fowler: the whole of which we pass over, not without astonishment. It only concerns us to add, that now was the time when Mother Gretchen revealed to her foster-son that he was not at all of this kindred; or indeed of any kindred, having come into historical existence in the way already known to us. Thus was I doubly orphaned,' says he; 'bereft not only of Possession, but even of Remembrance. Sor6 row and Wonder, here suddenly united, could not but produce 'abandoned fruit. Such a disclosure, in such a season, struck its

'roots through my whole nature; ever till the years of mature 'manhood, it mingled with my whole thoughts, was as the stem 'whereon all my day-dreams and night-dreams grew. A certain 'poetic elevation, yet also a corresponding civic depression, it na'turally imparted: I was like no other: in which fixed-idea, lead'ing sometimes to highest, and oftener to frightfulest results, 'may there not lie the first spring of Tendencies, which in my 'Life have become remarkable enough? As in birth, so in ac'tion, speculation, and social position, my fellows are perhaps not 6 numerous.'

In the Bag Sagittarius, as we at length discover, Teufelsdröckh has become a University man; though how, when, or of what quality, will nowhere disclose itself with the smallest certainty. Few things, in the way of confusion and capricious indistinctness, can now surprise our readers; not even the total want of dates, almost without parallel in a Biographical work. So enigmatic, so chaotic we have always found, and must always look to find, these scattered Leaves. In Sagittarius, however, Teufelsdröckh begins to shew himself even more than usually Sibylline; fragments of all sorts; scraps of regular Memoir, College Exercises, Programs, Professional Testimonials, Milkscores, torn Billets, sometimes to appearance of an amatory cast; all blown together as if by merest chance, henceforth bewilder the sane Historian. To combine any picture of these University, and the subsequent, years; much more, to decipher therein any illustrative primordial elements of the Clothes-Philosophy, becomes such a problem as the reader may imagine.

So much we can see; darkly, as through the foliage of some wavering thicket: a youth of no common endowment, who has passed happily through Childhood, less happily yet still vigourously through Boyhood, now at length perfect in 'dead vocables. and set down, as he hopes, by the living Fountain, there to super add Ideas and Capabilities. From such Fountain he draws, dili gently, thirstily, yet nowise with his whole heart, for the water nowise suits his palate; discouragements, entanglements, aberra tions are discoverable or supposable. Nor perhaps are even pecuniary distresses wanting; for the good Gretchen, who in spite

' of advices from not disinterested relatives has sent him hither, 'must after a time withdraw her willing but too feeble hand.' Nevertheless in an atmosphere of Poverty and manifold Chagrin, the Humour of that young Soul, what character is in him, first decisively reveals itself; and, like strong sunshine in weeping skies, gives out variety of colours, some of which are prismatic. Thus with the aid of Time, and of what Time brings, has the stripling Diogenes Teufelsdröckh waxed into manly stature; and into so questionable an aspect, that we ask with new eagerness How he specially came by it, and regret anew that there is no more explicit answer. Certain of the intelligible and partially significant fragments, which are few in number, shall be extracted from that Limbo of a Paper-bag, and presented with the usual preparation.

As if, in the Bag Scorpio, Teufelsdröckh had not already expectorated his antipedagogic spleen; as if, from the name Sagittarius, he had thought himself called upon to shoot arrows, we here again fall in with such matter as this: The University ' where I was educated still stands vivid enough in my remembrance, and I know its name well; which name, however, I, 'from tenderness to existing interests and persons, shall in no 'wise divulge. It is my painful duty to say that, out of England 'and Spain, ours was the worst of all hitherto discovered Univer'sities. This is indeed a time when right Education is, as nearly 'as may be, impossible: however, in degrees of wrongness there 'is no limit: nay, I can conceive a worse system than that of the 'Nameless itself; as poisoned victual may be worse than absolute 'hunger.

It is written, When the blind lead the blind, both shall fall 'into the ditch; wherefore, in such circumstances, may it not 'sometimes be safer, if both leader and led simply sit still? 'Had you, anywhere in Crim Tartary, walled-in a square enclosure; furnished it with a small, ill-chosen Library; and then ' turned loose into it eleven hundred Christian striplings, to tum'ble about as they listed, from three to seven years: certain persons, under the title of Professors, being stationed at the gates, 'to declare aloud that it was a University, and exact considerable 'admission-fees,-you had, not indeed in mechanical structure,