technical at first, in time work out of special into general

use.

9. We Make Many Words out of One.-Words increase by what we may call fissiparous generation; by change of accent or of spelling, one word multiplying into two or more; as:

Species, specie, spice; spirit, sprite; other, either, or; rote, route, rout, rut.

10. New Words by the Use of Prefixes and Suffixes.— Words come into the vocabulary by joining to words, already in, our hosts of Saxon and Greek and Latin prefixes and suffixes. These prefixes and suffixes are words, or relics of words, that have run down into mere formative elements. They combine, as we shall see, each with many roots, and with roots already in combination, and vastly increase the number and the expressiveness of vocables.

Direction.-Define and use the following derivatives. Model.-A-ground, on the ground; i.e., stranded or stopped. The vessel ran aground.

A-head, a-blaze, a-shore, after-noon, all-powerful, al-mighty, be-numb, be-side, be-cause, for-bid, for-bear, fore-sight, foreshadow, forth-coming, full-grown, gain-say, mis-rule, mis

apply, never-more, off-spring, out-break, out-weigh, over-rule, over-shadow, to-night, un-able, un-skilled, un-deceive, undermine, under-rate, well-disposed, wel-fare, with-stand, withhold.

*For the sake of euphony, the last letter of the prefix is often

changed to the first letter of the root, or is dropped.

Per standing alone means by; as, per centum, by the hundred.

pro (pur)

=

re (red)

=

se (sed)

semi

sine

Direction.-Define and use the following derivatives.

Model.-Ec-centric, out of the center; hence, irregular, odd. Eccentric conduct.

Ab-normal (L. norma, rule), abs-tain (L. tenere, to hold), administer, a-scend, a-vert, ac-custom, af-fix, ag-gregate, al-lure, an-nex, ante-date, ap-portion, ar-rive, as-sign, at-tain, benevolent, bi-ped (L. pes, foot), bis-cuit, circum-navigate, con-dole (L. dolere, to grieve), co-equal, com-press, cor-respond, contra-distinction, counter-balance, de-merit, dis-inter, dis-seminate, (L. seminare, to sow), dif-fident, du-al, ex-port (L. portare, to carry), e-ject, ec-centric, extra-vagant, im-port, il-legitimate, ir-reverent, inter-mission, male-volent, neg‐lect.

Non-essential, ob-ject, (L. jacere, to throw), op-pose, op-press, pen-insula, per-manent, per-vade, post-meridian, pre-fix, premature, preter-natural, pro-noun, pro-ject, re-ject, re-lapse, retro-spect, se-lect, semi-circle, sine-cure, sub-ject, sub-jugate (L. jugum, a yoke), suc-cumb (L. cumbere, to lie down), sup-press, super-natural, sur-pass, trans-port, tra-verse, ultra-marine, vice-roy (Fr. roi, king).

Direction.-Define and use the following derivatives.

Model.-Ana-lysis, a loosening up thoroughly, a separation of parts. Analysis of sentences; chemical analysis.

A-theist (Gk. theos, God), an-archy, amphi-theatre, ana-lysis

(Gk. luein, to loosen), anti-pathy (Gk. pathos, feeling), a-pathy, sympathy, ant-arctic, apo-stle (Gk. stellein, to send), ap-helion (Gk. helios, the sun), cata-ract, dia-meter (Gk. metron, a measure), dyspeptic, em-phasis, epi-demic (Gk. demos, the people), eu-peptic, hemi-sphere, hyper-critical, hypo-crite, meta-physics, monosyllable, para-site, peri-meter, poly-syllable, pseudo-nym (name), syn-thesis (thesis, a placing), anti-thesis.

NOUN SUFFIXES.

One who does (agent).—an, ant, ent, ar, er, or, ard, ary, eer, ier, ist, ive, ster.

One who is, one to whom.—ate, ee, ite, ive.

Place where.—ary, ery, ory.

Direction.-Define the following derivatives. Give others.

Models.-Lapid-ary, one who cuts precious stones. Legat-ee, one to whom property is left. Semin-ary, a place where seed is sown, a school. Evangel-ist, one who brings good news. Deleg-ate, one who is sent by others. Dormit-ory, a place where people sleep.

Ante-diluvi-an (L. diluvium, flood), mendic-ant, adher-ent, scholar, biograph-er, competit-or, wiz-ard, incendi-ury, auction-eer, cash-ier, monopol-ist, operat-ive, pun-ster, associ-ate, assign-ee, mortgag-ee, favor-ite, capt-ive, api-ary (L. apis, a bee), henn-ery, observat-ory.

State, quality, act.—acy, age, al, ance, ancy, dom, ence, ency, hood, ing, ion, ism, ment, mony, ness, ry, ship, th, tude, ty or ity, ure, y.

Diminutives.-cle, cule, ie or y, kin, en, let, ling, ock,

ale, ette.

Direction.-Define the following derivatives. Give others.

Models.-Sch-ism, state of being divided. Euphon-y, quality of sounding well. Frict-ion, the act of rubbing. Mani-kin, a little man.

Suprem-acy, pilgrim-age, recit-al, forbear-ance, expect-ancy, martyr-dom, abhorr-ence, transpar-ency, likeli-hood, rehears

ing, rebell-ion, barbar-ism, atone-ment (at-one-ment), matrimony, holi-ness, pleasant-ry, apprentice-ship, dep-th, soli-tude, brev-ity, rapt-ure, bigam-y, parti-cle, animal-cule, Tomm-y, Willie, lamb-kin, kitt-en, rivu-let, found-ling, hill-ock, glob-ule, ros-ette, cigar-ette.

ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES.

Pertaining to.—al, an, ar, ary, ic or ical, id, ile, ine,

ory.

en.

Full of or having.―ate, full, ose, ous, some, y.
That may or can be.-able, ble, ible, ile.
Having power.-ive. Like.-ish, like, ly.
Without.-less. Being or ing.-ant, ent.

Made of.

Direction.-Define and use the following derivatives.

Models. Aquil-ine, pertaining to an eagle, hooked. Aquiline nose. Verd-ant, being green. Verdant fields.

Celesti-al, suburb-an, ocul-ar (L. oculus, the eye), planet-ary, ocean-ic, astronom-ical, torr-id, puer-ile (L. puer, a child, a boy), sacchar-ine (L. saccharum, sugar), declamat-ory, intric-ate, grateful, joc-ose, timor-ous, frolic-some, flower-y, habit-able, navigable, convert-ible, frag-ile, correct-ive, knav-ish, matron-ly, fruitless, err-ant, malevol-ent (L. male, ill; velle, to wish), braz-en.

VERB SUFFIXES.

To make.—ate, en, fy, ish, ise or ize.

ADVERB SUFFIXES.

Manner.-ly, wise.

Direction.-ern, ward.

Direction.-Define and use the following derivatives.

As-simil-ate, straight-en, ampli-fy, embell-ish, tranquil-ize, criticise, candid-ly, like-wise, south-ern, lee-ward.