to have been caught with praiseworthy fidelity, the accompaniment is not always so well done and at times appears to be somewhat out of harmony with the rude simplicity of the mountain song. Nevertheless the collection is of distinct value in preserving the words and music of versions of such old ballads as The Hangman's Tree (Child, 95), Fair Margaret and Sweet William (Child, 74), Six King's Daughters (Child, 4), Lord Batesman or the Turkish Lady (Child, 53). As evidence of the permanence of their appeal a number of these Lonesome Tunes have found a worthy place in concert programmes in several large cities.

The second collection, by Campbell and Sharp, is the most important and permanent contribution made to ballad-lore since the time of Child. Mr. Sharp, an indefatigable collector and a foremost authority on the English folk song, has for two years been making investigations in the mountains of North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia, and has received valuable assistance from Mr. and Mrs. Campbell, the former the efficient agent for the Southern Highland Division of the Russell Sage Foundation. Thus during his sojourn in this country Mr. Sharp has had unusual opportunities for coming into close touch with the mountain people and has been deeply impressed by their high level of culture, due, in his opinion, to the large amount of leisure they enjoy. Whatever differences of opinion on this particular point may be held by those who know the mountain people more intimately, students of the ballad both in this country and in Europe will be grateful to Mr. Sharp for preserving and recording in accurate form both the words and the melodies of thirty-seven ballads all related to those given in Child's collection. In some instances, notably The Wife of Usher's Well, Mr. Sharp gives no less than eight variants. His introduction, in which he discusses the scales and modes of these Appalachian tunes, is of great interest and value, especially his attempt to determine the ethnological origin of the singers through the prevalence of the gapped scale. He is modest, however, in putting forward his theories, but is full of enthusiasm for these simple folk tales and feels that our educational institutions are too prone to ignore "the educational

and cultural value of that national heritage with every immigrant brings with him to his new home." In seeking to develop the ideal American citizen he thinks that we are inclined to rest too confidently on the vocational and purely utilitarian elements in education and fail to relate closely the immigrant's national inheritance of culture and tradition to his new conditions of life here in America. He feels that he has covered only a small part of the field as yet and assures us that he will not rest content until all of the available material has been collected. Eventually he hopes to harmonize and publish a certain number of the songs so that they may make a wider and more popular appeal.

A DIARY OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION. By James L. Houghteling, Jr. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. $1.25 net.

Attached to the American Embassy in Petrograd and having occasion to make frequent trips to Moscow, Mr. Houghteling had a wonderful opportunity for seeing the Russian Revolution from the inside, and he seems to have lost no chance-sometimes even at great personal risk-to inform himself of what was going on. Drawing his material from personal observation and from conversation with well-informed Russians, he gives a clear, interesting, and sympathetic account of events in Petrograd and in Moscow from January to April, 1917. Through all the excitement and the turmoil he seems to have kept his head clear, accepting hard conditions with imperturbable good humor, noting accurately the kaleidoscopic changes that were taking place daily, and recording his impressions swiftly and succinctly. When the final story of the Russian Revolution comes to be written this Diary will contribute its share towards interpreting the true spirit of the leaders and of the people on the streets of Petrograd in the early days of their new-found freedom.

NEW AMERICAN HISTORY. By Albert Bushnell Hart, LL.D. Cincinnati : American Book Company. 1917.

It is an impossible thing to compress the history of the United States, or of any great nation, into 650 pages and not omit

many points which will seem important to many teachers of history. This, however, Professor Hart seems to have done with a more than ordinary degree of success. In reading his book we miss many little incidents which have always seemed suggestive to us, but, taking it by and large, we find in it so many excellences that we are very well able to overlook any deficiencies which may come to our attention. The arrangement of the book particularly strikes us favorably, and the headings of the chapters are especially good. Professor Hart gives more than the usual amount of space to the events of the last fifty years, and his treatment of them seems to us to be most skilful. He has succeeded in outlining the great social and economic changes of that period in such a way as to stimulate interest and furnish the teacher with a foundation of necessary facts to which it should be easy to add, in lectures, a mass of explanatory detail. It is also pleasant to discover that he has incorporated all of his data into the text and has spared us the jungle of footnotes which usually encumber a book of this sort. The illustrations are excellent and chosen with care and discrimination. F. S. H.

THE JESUS OF HISTORY. By T. R. Glover. With a Foreword by the Archbishop of Canterbury. New York: George H. Doran Company. 1917. Pp. 225. $1.00.

Presumably His Grace forewords this stimulating little book because it was prepared for the British Student Christian Movement, and also because the author is working in India. The contents of these lectures are well indicated by the chapterheadings: The Study of the Gospels; Childhood and Youth; The Man and His Mind; The Teacher and the Disciples; The Teaching of Jesus upon God; Jesus and Man; Jesus' Teaching upon Sin; The Choice of the Cross; The Christian Church in the Roman Empire; Jesus in Christian Thought.

One would suppose that a Sunday-school teacher might find the book full of realistic suggestion; no reader should find it dull. T. P. B.

Contributors to the July Review

C. V. BOYER is a member of the faculty in the University of Illinois.

JOSEPH JACKSON is on the staff of the Philadelphia Ledger.

VIRGINIA G. BULLOCK is engaged in war work in Washington, D. C.

ELIZABETH NITCHIE lives in Westfield, New Jersey.

GEORGE R. MACMINN is a member of the department of English in the University of California.

FRANK LUTHER MOTT lives in New York City.

MAY TOMLINSON has her home in Plainfield, New Jersey.

JOHN MCCLURE is a member of the faculty in the University of Oklahoma.

LANE COOPER is Professor of English in Cornell University.

WALTER R. AGARD, until recently a member of the faculty in Amherst College, is now in military service.

HARVEY W. PECK is a member of the department of English in the University of Texas.

THOMAS P. BAILEY is Professor of Philosophy in the University of the South.

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