measure I persecuted the church of God, and made havock of it: and I advanced in the Jews' religion 14 1 Gr. in my race. beyond many of mine own age 1among my country

2 Or, become quainted with

3 Or, but only

ac

4 Or, in the course of*

5 Or, are

men, being more exceedingly zealous for the traditions of my fathers. But when it was the good plea- 15 sure of God, who separated me, even from my mother's womb, and called me through his grace, to re- 16 veal his Son in me, that I might preach him among the Gentiles; immediately I conferred not with flesh and blood: neither went I up to Jerusalem to them 17 which were apostles before me: but I went away into Arabia; and again I returned unto Damascus.

Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem 18 to visit Cephas, and tarried with him fifteen days. But other of the apostles saw I none, save James 19 the Lord's brother. Now touching the things which 20 I write unto you, behold, before God, I lie not. Then 21 I came into the regions of Syria and Cilicia. And 22 I was still unknown by face unto the churches of Judæa which were in Christ: but they only heard 23 say, He that once persecuted us now preacheth the faith of which he once made havock; and they glo- 24 rified God in me.

Then after the space of fourteen years I went up 2 again to Jerusalem with Barnabas, taking Titus also with me. And I went up by revelation; and I laid 2 before them the gospel which I preach among the Gentiles, but privately before them who were of repute, lest by any means I should be running, or had run, in vain. But not even Titus who was 3 with me, being a Greek, was compelled to be circumcised: "and that because of the false brethren 4 privily brought in, who came in privily to spy out our liberty which we have in Christ Jesus, that they might bring us into bondage: to whom we gave 5 place in the way of subjection, no, not for an hour; that the truth of the gospel might continue with you. But from those who were reputed to be 6 7 Or, what they once somewhat ('whatsoever they were, it maketh no

6 Or, but it was because of

were

matter to me: God accepteth not man's person)-
they, I say, who were of repute imparted nothing
to me: but contrariwise, when they saw that I had 7
been intrusted with the gospel of the uncircumci-
sion, even as Peter with the gospel of the circumci-
sion (for he that wrought for Peter unto the apostle- 8
ship of the circumcision wrought for me also unto

* Strike out marg. 4 ("in the course of")-Am. Com.

9 the Gentiles); and when they perceived the grace
that was given unto me, James and Cephas and
John, they who 'were reputed to be pillars, gave to 1 Or, are
me and Barnabas the right hands of fellowship,
that we should go unto the Gentiles, and they unto
10 the circumcision; only they would that we should re-
member the poor; which very thing I was also zeal-
ous to do.

2 Or, works of law 3 Or, but only

11 But when Cephas came to Antioch, I resisted him 12 to the face, because he stood condemned. For before that certain came from James, he did eat with the Gentiles: but when they came, he drew back and separated himself, fearing them that were of 13 the circumcision. And the rest of the Jews dissembled likewise with him; insomuch that even Barnabas was carried away with their dissimula14 tion. But when I saw that they walked not uprightly according to the truth of the gospel, I said unto Cephas before them all, If thou, being a Jew, livest as do the Gentiles, and not as do the Jews, how compellest thou the Gentiles to live as do the 15 Jews? We being Jews by nature, and not sinners 16 of the Gentiles, yet knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law, save* through faith in Jesus Christ, even we believed on Christ Jesus, that we might be justified by faith in Christ, and not by the works of the law: because by the works 17 of the law shall no flesh be justified. But if, while we sought to be justified in Christ, we ourselves also were found sinners, is Christ a minister of sin? 18 God forbid. For if I build up again those things which I destroyed, I prove myself a transgressor. 19 For I through the law died unto the law, that I 4 Or, law 20 might live unto God. I have been crucified with 5 Or, and it is no Christ; "yet I live; and yet no longer It, but Christ longer I that live, liveth in me: and that life which I now live in the flesh I live in faith, the faith which is in the Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself up for me. 21 I do not make void the grace of God: for if righteousness is through the law, then Christ died for nought.

3 O foolish Galatians, who did bewitch you, before whose eyes Jesus Christ was openly set forth cruci2 fied? This only would I learn from you, Received ye the Spirit by the works of the law, or by the

* For "save" read "but " and omit marg. 3-Am. Com.

† For "yet I live; and yet no longer I" read "and it is no longer I that live" and omit marg. 5-Am. Com.

but Christ &c.

1 Or, message

make an end in

the flesh?

3 Gr. powers. 4 Or, in

5 Or, works of law

6 Or, Ye perceive

7 Gr. justifieth.

8 Gr. nations.

1hearing of faith? Are ye so foolish? having begun 3 2 Or, do ye now in the Spirit, are ye now perfected in the flesh? Did ye suffer so many things in vain? if it be in- 4 deed in vain. He therefore that supplieth to you 5 the Spirit, and worketh 3miracles among you, doeth he it by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith? Even as Abraham believed God, and it was 6 reckoned unto him for righteousness. Know there- 7 fore that they which be of faith, the same are sons of Abraham. And the scripture, foreseeing that 8 God 'would justify the Gentiles by faith, preached the gospel beforehand unto Abraham, saying, In thee shall all the nations be blessed. So then they 9 which be of faith are blessed with the faithful Abraham. For as many as are of the works of the law 10 are under a curse: for it is written, Cursed is every one which continueth not in all things that are written in the book of the law, to do them. Now 11 that no man is justified by the law in the sight of God, is evident: for, The righteous shall live by faith; and the law is not of faith; but, He that do- 12 eth them shall live in them. Christ redeemed us 13 from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree: that upon the Gentiles might 14 come the blessing of Abraham in Christ Jesus; that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.

9 Gr. in.

10 Or, testament

Brethren, I speak after the manner of men: 15 Though it be but a man's 10covenant, yet when it hath been confirmed, no one maketh it void, or addeth thereto. Now to Abraham were the prom- 16 ises spoken, and to his seed. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but as of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ. Now this I say; A 10covenant con- 17 firmed beforehand by God, the law, which came four hundred and thirty years after, doth not disannul, so as to make the promise of none effect. For if the inheritance is of the law, it is no more 18 of promise: but God hath granted it to Abraham by promise. What then is the law? It was added 19 because of transgressions, till the seed should come to whom the promise hath been made; and it was ordained through angels by the hand of a mediator. Now a mediator is not a mediator of one; but God 20 is one. Is the law then against the promises of 21 God? God forbid: for if there had been a law given which could make alive, verily righteousness would

22 have been of the law. Howbeit the scripture hath shut up* all things under sin, that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe.

23

But before 'faith came, we were kept in ward un- 1 Or, the faith der the law, shut up unto the faith which should 24 afterwards be revealed. So that the law hath

been our tutor to bring us unto Christ, that we might 25 be justified by faith. But now that faith is come, 26 we are no longer under a tutor. For ye are all 27 sons of God, through faith, in Christ Jesus. For as

many of you as were baptized into Christ did put 28 on Christ. There can be neither Jew nor Greek, there can be neither bond nor free, there can be no male and female: for ye all are one man in Christ 29 Jesus. And if ye are Christ's, then are ye Abraham's seed, heirs according to promise.

4 But I say that so long as the heir is a child, he differeth nothing from a bondservant, though he is 2 lord of all; but is under guardians and stewards 3 until the term appointed of the father. So we also, when we were children, were held in bondage under

4 the 2rudiments of the world: but when the fulness 2 Or, elements of the time came, God sent forth his Son, born of a 5 woman, born under the law, that he might redeem them which were under the law, that we might re6 ceive the adoption of sons. And because ye are sons, God sent forth the Spirit of his Son into our 7 hearts, crying, Abba, Father. So that thou art no longer a bondservant, but a son; and if a son, then an heir through God.

8 Howbeit at that time, not knowing God, ye were in bondage to them which by nature are no gods: 9 but now that ye have come to know God, or rather to be known of God, how turn ye back again to the weak and beggarly 'rudiments, whereunto ye desire 10 to be in bondage over again? Ye observe days, 11 and months, and seasons, and years. I am afraid of you, lest by any means I have bestowed labour upon you in vain.

12 I beseech you, brethren, beg as I am, for I am as 13 ye are. Ye did me no wrong: but ye know that because of an infirmity of the flesh I preached the

*For "hath shut up" read "shut up"-Am. Com.

† Omit marg. 1 ("the faith")—Am. Com.

For "hath been" read "is become "-Am. Com.

§ For "be" read "become "-Am. Com.

For "I am as" read "I also am become as"-Am.Com.

1 Gr.former.

2 Gr. spat out.

3 Or, of yours

4 Or, deal truly with you

gospel unto you the 'first time: and that which was 14
a temptation to you in my flesh ye despised not,
nor 'rejected; but ye received me as an angel of
God, even as Christ Jesus. Where then is that grat- 15
ulation of yourselves? for I bear you witness, that,
if possible, ye would have plucked out your eyes
and given them to me. So then am I become your 16
enemy, because I tell you* the truth? They zeal- 17
ously seek you in no good way; nay, they desire
to shut you out, that ye may seek them. But it 18
is good to be zealously sought in a good matter at
all times, and not only when I am present with you.
My little children, of whom I am again in travail 19
until Christ be formed in yout, yea, I could wish to 20
be present with you now, and to change my voice;
for I am perplexed about you.

Tell me, ye that desire to be under the law, do ye 21 not hear the law? For it is written, that Abraham 22 had two sons, one by the handmaid, and one by the freewoman. Howbeit the son by the handmaid is 23 born after the flesh; but the son by the freewoman is born through promise. Which things contain an 24 allegory: for these women are two covenants; one 5 Many ancient au- from mount Sinai, bearing children unto bondage, thorities read For which is Hagar. Now this Hagar is mount Sinai 25 tain in Arabia. in Arabia, and answereth to the Jerusalem that now is: for she is in bondage with her children. But the 26 Jerusalem that is above is free, which is our mother. For it is written,

Sinai is a moun

6 Many ancient authorities read ye.

Rejoice, thou barren that bearest not;
Break forth and cry, thou that travailest not:
For more are the children of the desolate than

of her which hath the husband.

27

Now we, brethren, as Isaac was, are children of 28 promise. But as then he that was born after the 29 flesh persecuted him that was born after the Spirit, even so it is now. Howbeit what saith the scripture? 30 Cast out the handmaid and her son: for the son of the handmaid shall not inherit with the son of the freewoman. Wherefore, brethren, we are not chil- 31 Or, For freedom dren of a handmaid, but of the freewoman. "With 5 freedomt did Christ set us free: stand fast therefore, and be not entangled again in a yoke of bondage. Behold, I Paul say unto you, that, if ye receive 2 circumcision, Christ will profit you nothing. Yea, 3

*For "because I tell you" read "by telling you"-Am. Com.
† Substitute a dash for the comma after "you"-Am. Com.
+ Substitute marg. 7 ("For freedom") for the text.-Am. Com.