Digestion," which is followed by an illwritten and ill-judged article on the "Motives which influence Individuals to become Teetotalers," by "Scotus," which is one of the most foolish things of the sort we have ever met with. A few more such articles, and Mr. Cook's Magazine will be ready for its epitaph, which all good men will have pleasure in writing. Had the author not been a professed abstainer, it might have been supposed that the piece was penned under the influence of strong drink. Reason has plainly ruled, however, for a moment, when he says, 66 Probably many of my readers may regard my sentiments as illiberal, nay, unchristian." For the honour of the Teetotal body, we hope it will be so.

The Scottish Temperance Review.— This masculine sovereign of the Temperance periodicals holds on its way admirably, improving at every stage. The essays, "Why should the Work cease?" "Other Movements and our Movement," "The Law of Self-preservation, as applied to the Abstinence Principle,' "Temperance Talk," and the "Spirit of the Press," are highly excellent, and the filling up is every way worthy of it.

The Teetotal Times, a new monthly, full of promise. The opening address is discreet and suitable. The articles of Messrs. Smeeton, Mudge, and Buckle are highly to the point, and well done. Mr. Baker's article on "Expediency" is written in a spirit which cannot justly offend those who, like ourselves, differ from him. His likening the expediency advocates, however, to "well-intentioned, patriotic militia," while he compares the thorough going men to a veteran soldiery, is not quite correct, perhaps not very judicious. The Times is well edited and well got up, and, in point of cheapness, surpasses all its compeers. From the excellent projector we learn that it was suggested by the appearance of our PENNY MAGAZINE a fact which, of course, gratifies us, and induces an increased desire for its complete success. We very cordially commend it.

The London Teetotaler, with the usual number of valuable, original articles, abounds in ample reports of interesting meetings, with a large amount of miscellaneous Temperance matter. No. 10 opens with a paper of the very first importance to the general cause, but especially as that cause stands connected with London. Had we ourselves sat downand for some time we have actually been

meditating the step-to embody our notions, we should certainly have produced something almost identical with the admirable paper of Mr. Green. The subject which he has expounded with so much light and power deserves the earnest attention of the friends of the cause in all the great towns and cities throughout Great Britain. We hardly know, therefore, how we can render a more substantial service to this all-important enterprise than by giving extensive currency to this well-digested document, which, omitting the opening paragraph, runs as follows:

METROPOLITAN TEMPERANCE ASSOCIATION.

It can scarcely be expected that even the principle of total abstinence from intoxicating drinks can prove effectual materially to reduce, much less to remove, the evils of intemperance from the Metropolis, unless Societies be formed for its propagation, and unless the operations of those Societies be conducted on a large scale, and in a determined and persevering spirit. And not only must each separate society be well organized, and the various Societies cultivate a friendly feeling towards each other, but there must be a union, a confederacy of the various Societies, a powerful combination of all the teetotalers of the Metropolis-before any visible, any sensible impression can be made upon the great mass of intemperance.

There have been many attempts to form such a combination. It was seen, by those who watched the progress of events, that if all the teetotalers of the Metropolis and suburbs could but be brought to unite in vigorous and determined efforts, even the intemperance of London might soon be made to quail before them. It was with this view that, about three years ago, the Metropolitan Total Abstinence Association was formed. But though that association was successful to unite the greater portion of the Societies of the Metropolis, and though its operations have been crowned with considerable success, it has never been able to assume that commanding position which the friends of teetotalism see to be essential to its perfect triumph. Why it has not been able to assume that position, it it difficult, perhaps, to say. But, so rife are the temptations to the use of strong drink; so numerous are the victims of intemperance; and so highly important is it that a vigorous course of action should be immediately entered upon, that the projectors and promoters of that Association have expressed their willingness, either to retire from the field altogether, or to unite with others in renewed exertions, provided a better plan of union and co-operation could be devised. It is due to the officers and members of the late Association to state, that if they did not succeed to accomplish all the objects at which they aimed, it was not for want of honesty of purpose, or of love to the cause in which they had embarked.

Several friendly conferences have recently been held, some of which were attended by from forty to fifty delegates or representatives of various Societies; and the unanimity which dis

tinguished these preliminary meetings warrants the hope that the Association now formed may prove sufficiently vigorous, active, and persevering, for the accomplishment of the great object for which it is instituted. The provisional committee desire to acknowledge that they have profited greatly by the suggestions and advices of Mr. Thomas Beggs, late of Nottingham whose long acquaintance with teetotal societies, and general knowledge of the most popular movements in connexion with moral reform, well qualified him to become a friend and adviser.

The following resolutions, carried unanimously at the meetings referred to, will explain the objects contemplated by this Association, and the instrumentality devised for the accomplishment of those objects.

"That an Association of individuals and societies be formed, to be called the Metropolitan Temperance Association.

"That the object of this Association shall be the promotion of the principle of total abstinence from intoxicating liquors, and the discountenancing all the causes of intemperance.

"That the means by which this object shall be promoted shall be, the holding of public meetings as frequently as possible, for the delivery of lectures and addresses explanatory of the total abstinence principle-the circulation of tracts-the visitation of drunkards and others, as well as members of the Association-and such other means as may from time to time be judged most suitable.

"That the funds necessary for the carrying out these objects shall be raised by subscriptions and donations, from individuals, and branch societies, and from occasional collections at public meetings.

"That the members of this Association shall be persons of both sexes who have signed the pledge of total abstinence from intoxicating liquors, and who subscribe not less than five shillings per annum to the funds of the Association.

Each

"That a board of directors shall be appointed, to consist of twenty persons chosen from among members who subscribe not less than ten shillings per annum to the funds of the Association, and of representatives from the branches. branch having not more than one hundred members, and subscribing not less than twenty shillings per annum to the funds of the Association, to send one representative; and branches having more than one hundred members, and subscribing twenty shillings per annum for every hundred members, to send one representative for every hundred members. And that this board of directors shall exercise a general control over the affairs of the Association, and shall meet to receive communications from the branches, to examine the accounts of the treasurer, and for other purposes, at least once in every three calendar months. Subscriptions to be paid one quarter in advance.

"That, for expediting the business of the Association-making arrangements for public meetings, &c., a managing committee shall be appointed by the directors, to consist of nine persons chosen from their body; who shall meet at least once a fortnight, and with whom the secretaries of branches shall be in regular correspondence as to all matters which may require attention from week to week.

"That it shall be the business, both of the board of directors, and of the committee of management, to avail themselves of every opportunity of holding special meetings, for the purpose of bringing the principles of the Association before the public-for improving as far as possible every public event connected with the practices of intemperance-for calling the attention of the Legislature to some of the more prominent evils connected with intemperance, arising out of the licensing system, the Sunday traffic in strong drinks, the destruction of wholesome food by the practices of brewing, distillation, &c.-and for impressing upon all classes of the community the importance and efficiency of the operations of the Association.

"That this Association recognise The London Teetotaler, and General Temperance Intelligencer, as their organ of communication with the branches and with the public; and that every branch subscribing to the funds of the Association shall have all its meetings duly announced in that periodical, and reports of its meetings when held, as far as space will allow, or as the secretaries or others furnish them.

"That one or more regular agents shall be engaged, as soon as the funds of the Association will allow; each of whom shall attend at least four public meetings in each week, for the delivery of lectures or addresses, at such places and under such circumstances as the committee of management may determine, or as the circumstances of the case may require.

"That every branch of this Association shall be supplied with a regular agent as frequently as possible, and that the intermediate nights shall be supplied as far as possible with efficient lecturers and advocates, from amongst those who have kindly offered gratuitous services.

"That every branch shall be required to send a brief report of its operations and progress to the committee, once in every three calendar months, which shall be presented at a general quarterly meeting, and, if judged advisable, published in The London Teetotaler."

Some minor resolutions respecting the appointment of treasurer, secretary, collector, etc., the routine business of the committees, and other matters, not deemed of public interest, were omitted at the suggestion of the provisional committee.

Such is, briefly, the plan and constitution of the Metropolitan Temperance Association. It is now left for the teetotalers of the Metropolis and suburbs to determine to what extent they will unite to carry out these plans. Several gentlemen have already signified their determination to render all possible assistance, and the subject will be brought before every committee at the earliest opportunity. The object

is great and important; and will not be accomplished without industrious and persevering effort. London, the stronghold of intemperance -with its extensive breweries and distilleriesits magnificent gin-palaces and tempting saloons, and comfortable parlours, and attractive tap-rooms-with its five thousand drunkeries, its drinking clubs-its "select concerts "—its dances, and its "free and easies;"-London, with all its facilities for intemperance-and with all the complicated pollutions and miseries connected with the use of strong drink;-London and its suburbs, having a population of nearly two millions of immortal beings;-this is the

great theatre in which the Metropolitan Temperance Association will have to perform its difficult and important part. Nothing short of the most vigorous, and united, and determined, and persevering effort, can warrant any rational hope of success. But if the contest be difficult, the prize is most glorious. Gain London, and you have access to the provinces; gain London and the provinces, and you gain the British empire; gain the British empire, and you may reckon on the conquest of the world. Every successful effort made in the metropolis will tell upon the country at large; every local society will participate in the common joy; each will hail and encourage the other. And teetotalism will not stand alone: as it proceeds it will be sure to connect itself with other great and popular movements; and cleanliness of person, and habitations, and streets, and health, and industry, and frugality, and forethought; and plenty and comfort; and true freedom, and pure morality, and genuine and undefiled religion, will all be promoted and established in our land. Drunken revels-and the "drunk and disorderly conduct" of males and of females, will no longer disgrace our streets, either by day or by night, either on the week-day or on the sabbath. Becoming a sober population, we shall also become an intelligent, wealthy, and prosperous people; and the capital of England will be distinguished, not only as the chief mart of merchandise-the emporium of art-the repository of science-the seat of legislatureand the abode of royalty-but the place where, above all others, true sobriety sways her peaceful Sceptre, diffusing health, and peace, and comfort, over thousands of loyal and devoted subjects.

You

With such a glorious object before them, surely the teetotalers of London will immediately rally round the standard of this Association. have everything to encourage you. The instrumentality you are able to employ is the very instrumentality most suited to the accomplishment of your object. It is the instrumentality which the Almighty has graciously owned and blessed, in all parts of the world, and which he has so owned and blessed, that even sceptics have been compelled to exclaim, "This is the finger of God!" while the happy recipients of the good have responded, in a joyful chorus, "This is the Lord's doing; it is marvellous in our eyes!"

You will meet with difficulties; but your path will be far less rugged than was that of your predecessors. The advanced guard of your army has encountered the first and fiercest brunt of opposition. Your hardy pioneers have cleared away much of the jungle, and scared away many a wild beast; have levelled many a height, and filled up many a valley. And your resources are ample. A vast accumulation of moral ammunition is placed at your disposal. You have already numerous places of meeting, and you may have many more. Upwards of an hundred experienced, practised, industrious advocates offer you their gratuitous services, almost every night in the week. Many intelligent advocates, who devote their whole time and study to the important work, are ready to assist you with their rich and increasing stores of intelligence and experience, at a trifling remuneration;-men whose lectures and addresses would at once attract, instruct, convince, and convert. And, which is most encouraging, the public

mind is fully prepared to receive your statements. Prejudice is greatly weakened, and there is a general impression that you are right-right in your principles and right in your practice. Intemperance is now seen and felt to be a grievous calamity-bringing sickness, and pauperism, and crime, in its train. The faith of thousands in

the utility and necessity of strong drinks as beverages is seen to waver; and partial, and even total abstainers, are now to be found in every direction.

Then, you have all the benefit derivable from experience and observation. Whether you look at the failures or at the successes of your predecssors, you may alike learn wisdom. You will see what it is best to omit, and what it is desirable to furnish. The public taste has been consulted: you now know what is the general demand, and you are fully able to meet that demand. The public desire information,—and you are prepared to furnish the most ample details: they require positive proof of your assertions as to the evils of intemperance and as to the advantages of teetotalism,-and your proofs and demonstrations are always at hand: they demand evidences, they clamour for examples, of the efficacy of your boasted principles-and you have your witnesses ready, "living epistles," which may be "known and read of all men." Your special meetings are all well attended. Let every meeting be special. Present some new attraction-bring forward some fresh subject-some talented speaker-some important and impressive event of public moment,-at every one of your meetings. Send forth your messengers in every direction with invitations to your neighbours and acquaintances, and be at your post to welcome them on their arrival. Penetrate the lanes, and courts, and alleys with your tracts. Be prompt and spirited in all your movements. Be united you are united in your objects and your aims; be so in your affections, in your counsels, and in your operations. Let there be no jealousy or rivalry,-except jealousy of the introduction of evil feelings or practices, and the generous rivalry in acts of zeal and love. Maintain the strictest consistency of principle and conduct. Countenance no one custom, no single habit, in connexion with the use of strong drink. Let every beholder ascertain the nature and the excellency of your principles from the whole of your deportment.-And be liberal. Assist this Association by your pecuniary contributions. Let it not languish, as its predecessors have done, through the neglect of its avowed friends. Though there is no institution in which so much good may be accomplished by small means; still, funds are necessary, and the more ample the funds, the more speedily will the object be accomplished. As your practice of teetotalism is the means of replenishing your pecuniary resources of improving your health of establishing your reputation-of augmenting your means, and increasing your opportunities of usefulness-and of adding very materially to your personal and domestic comforts, let the system which has thus benefited you have your liberal support.

And "look not every man on his own things, but every man also on the things of others." Think on the claims of London. Remember the thousands that are perishing through their use of strong drinks,-and come unitedly-come generously-come immediately-and you shall come successfully-to their rescue.

The Bristol Temperance Herald contains, in addition to a copious outline of Dr. Grindrod's lectures, which have been the means of so much good throughout the land, some very valuable correspondence from missionaries in the West Indies, Africa, and Australia. The following fact is fraught with special interest :

In Mr. Rush, the American ambassador's account of his residence at the court of London, he mentions that the steward of the late Mr. Coke, of Norfolk, told him that "the annual cost of malt liquors used for the entire Holkham establishment, including the working people out of doors, as well as servants of the household, was £3000." This included the taxes upon it. And all this was expended by Mr. Coke in the face of the following fact, which he communicated to Mr. Rush, in proof of the benefits of the water system:-"Mr. Coke told me that although banking along the sea-side was considered the hardest work done in Norfolk by labouring men, those who followed it drank nothing but water; they had plenty of animal food, but found their strength fail them if they drank either beer or spirits."

The Scottish Temperance Journal begins with an elaborate article, entitled, "Government and the Temperance Movement," which deserves separate publication; it also contains a fine tale, and an interesting report of the Temperance League tea-meeting.

The National Temperance Chronicle presents the best Number of the month. It has fairly excelled all its contemporaries. This Number approximates very near to our idea of a complete Temperance Magazine. Among the minor pieces we present the following extraordinary example of the folly of mankind :

WHAT DOES LEEDS SPEND IN STRONG

DRINK?

Important Calculation, by Mr. Thomas Bulwer. On looking over Williams's Directory for 1845 I find that Leeds contains 273 public houses,

leaving £71,328 16s., which sum would give to the eleven churches, £100 each; twenty-five chapels, £100 each; infirmary and other local charities, £5000; for temperance purposes, £6000; four public libraries, £1200; librarians' salaries, £200; a museum, £4000; keeper's salary, £80; cheap periodicals, £500; to pensioning 300 aged teetotalers at 98. per week each, £7020; after which we find a final balance, £41,828 168., for the purchase of knives, forks, and other necessaries; unless it should be thought expedient to pension off the drunkard makers. In that case we might divide the licensed victuallers into three classes. 1st, Those who saw their deeds were evil, and consequently merited no reward for services rendered. 2nd, Those who might wish to have the pension, but whose pride forbade them to own it. And, 3rd, Those who had nothing else to depend on for a livelihood. In this class we would include thirty-three widows who keep public houses, and twenty-one widows who keep jerry shops. The jerry lords might return to their original employment; and as for the merchants, it would be an insult to offer them a pension.

Select Works of David Clarkson, B.D. Edited, for the Wycliffe Society, by the Rev. BASIL COOPER, B.A., with Historical Notices of the Life and Writings of the Author, by Rev. JOHN BLACKBURN. 8vo, pp. 500.

DAVID CLARKSON was a great name in other days, for religion, learning, and en

lightened Nonconformity. He was not only an eminent preacher, but a voluminous writer. The man who was deem. ed worthy to be co-pastor with Dr. Owen, who commanded the admiration of Bates, and became the subject of John Howe's splendid eulogy, could be no ordinary man. He lived in troublous times, for which his quiet spirit, notwithstanding

his great powers, but indifferently fitted him. He was, nevertheless, not a mere spectator of the conflicts of his age and country. Some of the ablest works on the great questions of that day are from his pen. Theological students are conversant with his huge folio volume of sermons, but very few know anything of his polemic works, and still fewer possess them, a circumstance which has induced the Committee of the Wycliffe Society to collect and republish them, in this beautifully printed, well got up, and ably edited volume. This work will prove the instrument of reviving the fame of this once justly celebrated man, to whom posterity owe not a little, while to the multitude he is not known even by name. This volume contains, first, his "No Evidence for Diocesan Churches." Secondly, "Diocesan Churches not yet discovered." Thirdly, "Primitive Episcopacy stated and cleared from the Holy Scriptures and ancient Records," and Fourthly, "A Discourse concerning Liturgies." It is scarcely necessary to say, that these several works are marked by great power, and extensive learning: if indeed they have a fault it is in the excess of their learning and elaboration. The author has drawn very largely on the literature of the earlier ages, which at first sight gives the work a repulsive appearance to the less learned reader, but as everything is elegantly and correctly translated, this learning is no drawback on the popularity of the work, but in some respects may actually tend to promote it. To these discourses are added four voluminous miscellaneous sermons of great value. The one on free grace forms a considerable treatise; the second, on the death of Dr. Owen, is such as became the preacher and the occasion; those on gospel ordinances in the "Morning Exercises" are worthy of their company, and we cannot award them higher praise. The historical notices by Mr. Blackburn, who, we have reason to believe, has done all that can be done upon the subject, with great labour and difficulty has collected facts to fill some thirty pages, which form a very appropriate introduction to the volume. Such then is the publication before us, the second volume of the Wycliffe Society, and it were superfluous for us to say that by issuing such a work they have deserved well of the entire Nonconformist body. The work, all things considered, is very cheap. We could scarcely endure such works in a style of less respectability,

and in this we count with confidence on the sympathy of the more educated classes of the community, by whom we doubt not the pious and patriotic undertaking will be promptly and adequately sustained.

Notices of Windsor in the Olden Time. By JOHN STOUGHTON. London: David Bogue. Post 8vo, pp. 236.

EVERYTHING appertaining to this volume bespeaks its relation to royalty. The style of typography is inferior to nothing that has appeared for years. It is, we observe, inscribed, by permission, to His Royal Highness Prince Albert, and certainly the volume is not unworthy of his exalted patronage. After a well-written poetic fragment, we have Windsor in its earliest days, and then in the fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries. This fact is quickly and easily affirmed, but it is not so easy to give with brevity a full and fair idea of the volume. From the known ability and tact of the writer, we expected that the work would be incomparably one of the best of what we deem a very poor class of publications, for we have met with very few local histories worth the reading. But after going deliberately, pen in hand, through every page of the volume, truth requires the explicit declaration, that it must not be classed with that order of publications at all. Its character is both wholly different from, and incalculably superior to everything of the sort we have met with. It is in fact a great and splendid chapter of a peculiar section of English history. It abounds in fact and anecdote, now amusing or ludicrous, pathetic or sublime; the narrative is throughout instructive and full of fascination. The author having placed himself in the chair of history occupies it from age to age, calmly receiving his illustrious visitors in regular succession, the chief of whom he weighs in the balances of truth, and then delivers them over to his readers and posterity. As a fearless distributor of justice he appears to great advantage in dealing with Henry VIII., Elizabeth, Charles I. and II., and Cromwell. He clearly felt that in some of these matters the ground was tender, and he has trod it warily, but uprightly. Both in matters of a political and of a religious nature, he everywhere breathes a high, free, and generous spirit. Mr. Stoughton possesses, in a high degree, the qualities which are essential to the historian,