PAGE

of Cities and the Burgher Class. The Gilds and Indus-
trial Education. Gild Schools. Burgher Schools. Chan-
try Schools. Influence of the New Schools.

PART III

THE TRANSITION TO MODERN TIMES

CHAPTER XII

THE HUMANISTIC EDUCATION

The Passing of the Middle Ages. The Renaissance

and the Revival of Learning. Causes of the Awakening

in Italy. The Revival of the Latin Classics. The De-

velopment of Greek Scholarship. The Court Schools

and Vittorino da Feltre. The Court School at Mantua.

The Relation of the Court Schools to the Universities.

Decadence of Italian Humanism. The Spread and Char-

acter of Humanism in the Northern Countries. The De-

velopment of Humanism in France. French Humanistic

Educators and Institutions. Humanism in the German

Universities. The Hieronymians and Their Schools.

Erasmus, Leader in the Humanistic Education of the

North. The Development of Gymnasiums: Melanch-

thon's Work. Sturm at Strassburg. Formalism in the

Gymnasiums. The Humanistic Movement in England:

Greek at Oxford and Cambridge. Humanism at the
Court. Colet and His School at St. Paul's. Humanism
in the English Grammar Schools. English Grammar and
Public Schools To-day. The Grammar Schools in the
American Colonies. The Aim and Institutions of Hu-
manistic Education.

CHAPTER XIII

EDUCATIONAL INFLUENCES OF THE REFORMATION

The Relation of the Reformation to the Renaissance.

The Revolt and Educational Works of Luther. Luther's

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124

Ideas on Education.

The Embodiment of Luther's

Ideas in Schools by His Associates. The Revolt and

Educational Ideas of Zwingli. Calvin's Revolt and His

Encouragement of Education. The Colleges of Calvin.

Henry VIII's Revolt and Its Effect upon Education.

Foundation of the Society of Jesus. Organization of

the Jesuits. The Jesuit Colleges. The Jesuit Methods

of Teaching. Value and Influence of the Jesuit Educa-

tion. The Organization of the Education of the Port

Royalists. The Port Royal Course and Method of

Teaching. La Salle and the Schools of the Christian

Brothers. The Aim, Curriculum, and Method of the

Christian Brothers' Schools. Influence of the Schools of
the Christian Brothers. Aim and Content of Education
in the Reformation. Effect of the Reformation upon
Elementary Education. Effect of the Reformation upon
the Secondary Schools. Influence of the Reformation
upon the Universities. The Lapse into Formalism.

CHAPTER XIV

EARLY REALISM AND THE INNOVATORS

The Rise and Nature of Realism. Humanistic Real-

ism. Social Realism. The Relations of Humanistic to

Social Realism. The Influence of the Innovators upon

Education. The Ritterakademien. The
in England. The Academies in America.

Academies

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151

CHAPTER XV

SENSE REALISM AND THE EARLY SCIENTIFIC MOVEMENT

The Development of the Sciences and Realism. Ba-

con and His Inductive Method. Bacon's Educational
Suggestions and Influence. Ratich's Methods. Co-
menius: His Training and Work. His Series of Latin
Texts. The Great Didactic. His Encyclopædic Arrange-
ment of Knowledge. The Method of Nature. The

162

Influence of Comenius upon Education. Realistic

Tendencies in Elementary Schools. Secondary Schools.

The Universities.

Locke's Work and Its Various Classifications. Locke's

Disciplinary Theory in Intellectual Education. Dis-

ciplinary Attitude in Moral and Physical Training.

Origin, Significance, and Influence of the Theory of

Formal Discipline. Opposition to the Disciplinary

Theory and More Recent Modification. Locke's Real

Position on Formal Discipline.

CHAPTER XVII

EDUCATION IN THE AMERICAN COLONIES

American Education a Development from European.

Conditions in Europe from Which American Education

Sprang. Colonial School Organization: The Aristocratic

Type in Virginia. The Parochial Schools in New Nether-

lands. Sectarian Organization of Schools in Pennsyl-

vania. Town Schools in Massachusetts. Education

in the Other Colonies.

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179

187

PART IV

MODERN TIMES

CHAPTER XVIII

GROWTH OF THE DEMOCRATIC IDEAL IN EDUCATION

The Revolt from Absolutism. The Two Epochs in

the Eighteenth Century. Voltaire and the Encyclo-

pedists. Rousseau and His Times. Rousseau's

Works.

203

The Influence of Rousseau's Naturalism. Naturalis-

tic Basis of the Emile. The Five Books of the Emile.

Estimate of the Emile. The Sociological Movements in

Modern Education. TheScientific Movement in Modern

Education. The Psychological Movements in Modern

Education. The Spread of Rousseau's Doctrines. De-

velopment of Basedow's Educational Reforms. Text-

books and Other Works. Course and Methods of the

Philanthropinum. Influence of the Philanthropinum.

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210

CHAPTER XX

PHILANTHROPY IN EDUCATION .

Charity Schools among

The 'Sunday School'

The 'Sunday School'

Reconstructive Tendencies of the Eighteenth Cen-

tury. The Rise of Charity Schools in England. The

Schools of the S. P. C. K. Other Charity Schools. The

Charity Schools of the S. P. G.

the Pennsylvania Germans.

Movement in Great Britain.

Movement in the United States. Value of the Instruc-

tion in 'Sunday Schools.' The Schools of the Two Moni-

torial Societies. Value of the Monitorial System in Eng-

land. Results of the Monitorial System in the United

States. The 'Infant Schools' in France. The 'Infant

Schools' in England. 'Infant Schools' in the United

States. The Importance of Philanthropic Education.

CHAPTER XXI

THE PERIOD OF TRANSITION IN AMERICAN EDUCATION

Evolution of Public Education in the United States.

Rise of the Common School in Virginia. Similar Devel-
opments in the Other Southern States. Evolution of
Public Education in New York. New York City. De-
velopment of Systems of Education in Pennsylvania and

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251

the Other Middle States. Decline of Education in Mas-

sachusetts. Developments in the Other New England

States. The Extension of Educational Organization to

the Northwest. Condition of the Common Schools
Prior to the Awakening.

Pestalozzi as the Successor of Rousseau. Pestalozzi's

Philanthropic and Industrial Ideals. His Industrial

School at Neuhof and the Leonard and Gertrude. His

School at Stanz and Beginning of His Observational

Methods. Continuation of His Methods at Burgdorf,

and How Gertrude Teaches Her Children. The 'Institute'

at Yverdon and the Culmination of the Pestalozzian

Methods. Pestalozzi's Educational Aim and Organiza-

tion. His General Method. The Permanent Influence of

Pestalozzi. The Spread of Pestalozzian Schools and

Methods through Europe. Pestalozzianism in the

United States. Pestalozzi's Industrial Training Con-

tinued by Fellenberg. The Agricultural School and

Other Institutions at Hofwyl. Industrial Training in the

Schools of Europe. Industrial Institutions in the

United States.

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276

CHAPTER XXIII

DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 302

The Third Period in American Education. Early

Leaders in the Common School Revival. Work of James
G. Carter. Horace Mann as Secretary of the Massachu-
setts Board. The Educational Suggestions and Achieve-
ments of Mann. Henry Barnard's Part in the Educa-
tional Awakening. Barnard as Secretary of the Con-
necticut State Board. Commissioner of Common
Schools in Rhode Island. State Superintendent of
Schools in Connecticut. Barnard's American Journal