28,353,552 bushels; South Dakota, 2,680,156 acres, 21,441,248 bushels ; Indiana, 2,513,477 acres, 32,675,201 bushels; Ohio, 2,251,428 acres, 38,049,133 bushels; and Illinois, Iowa, Oregon, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, Missouri and Michigan. The area on which hay was grown in 1897 was 42,426,770 acres; the crop weighed 60,664,876 tons, and was valued at 401,390,728 dollars. Sugar is produced from cane chiefly in Louisiana and Texas, from beet in California, Nebraska, and Utah, from sorghum in Kansas, and from maple-sap in the North-Eastern States. In the year 1896-97 the cane-sugar produce was 287,578 tons. The total area under cotton in 1897 was 23,273,209 acres, which produced a crop of 8,532,705 bales (or 4,302,945,600 pounds) valued at 291,811,564 dollars. The chief cotton-growing States were: Texas, yielding 2,122,701 bales; Georgia, 1,299,340 bales; Mississippi, 1,201,000 bales; Alabama, 833,789 bales; South Carolina, 936,463 bales; Arkansas, 605,643 bales; Louisiana, 567,251 ba es; North Carolina, 521,795 bales. There were no estimates presented on the tobacco crop of 1897. The following table exhibits the number of live stock in 1898 and at the census years 1870, 1880, and 1890, the numbers of cattle, sheep, and swine for 1890, and all the numbers for 1898, being estimates :— The total value of farm animals in the United States on January 1, 1898, was 1,888,654,025 dollars. The area devoted exclusively to the rearing of cattle measures 1,365,000 square miles. In 1896 the estimated wool clip was 272,474,708 pounds; in 1897, 259,153,351 pounds. Viticulture is extending. The total vintage of dry wines in the San Francisco district in 1897 was estimated at 25,750,000 gallons, while the stack on hand from earlier years amounted to about 11,000,000 gallons. The sweet wine vintage was estimated at 6,500,000 gallons, and the brandy at 2,000,000 gallons. The plum crop of 1897 was put at 82,500,000 lbs., and raisins at 65,000,000 lbs. II. FORESTRY. There are no statistics of forestry in the United States, and the following data, supplied by the Forestry Division of the Department of Agriculture, are only approximations. The forest area (exclusive of Alaska) is somewhat under 500,000,000 acres, about seven-tenths being on the Atlantic side, one-tenth on the Pacific coast, one-tenth on the Rocky Mountains, and one-tenth in the interior of the Western States. A rough and liberal estimate puts the quantity of timber standing and ready for the axe at 2,300,000,000,000 feet, B.M., while the total annual cut, including all material requiring bolt or log size, is estimated at 40,000,000,000 feet, B.M., three-fourths being conifers and the remainder oak and other hard woods. The value of the forest raw material handled, in forest industries only, in the census year 1890, was put at 245,169,000 dollars, and of the products at 446,034,000 dollars, the capital employed being 561,943,000 dollars, and the employees numbering 347,700. If other industries are included, the value of the raw material was 688,339,000 dollars; and of the products, 1,352,742,000 dollars. III. MINING. The following are the statistics of the metallic products of the United States in 1897 (long tons, 2,240 lbs. ; short tons, 2.000 lbs.) : 1 Commercial value (1896) 39,655,000; (1897) 32,316,000 dollars, 2 Including copper made from imported pyrites. 3 Including nickel in copper-nickel alloy, and in exported ore and metal. 4 Of 76.5 lbs. av, net. The following are statistics of non-metallic minerals for 1897 : 1 Of 42 gal. . short tons 25,000 1,750,000 gallons sold 23,255,911 4,599,106 lbs. 16,000,000 1,080,000 14,092,922 329,113,395 335,140,532 2 Of 300 lbs. for natural cement, and 400 lbs. for artificial Portland. 3 Of 280 lbs. net. The total value of the specified mineral products in 1897 was thus 631,311,897 dollars, the corresponding value for 1896 being 622,737,438 dollars. To each of these sums the official statement adds 1,000,000 dollars as the estimated value of unspecified mineral products. The following statement, taken from a census bulletin, shows the condition of the iron ore mining industry in 1889, as compared with that in 1880: Of the iron ore produced in 1889, 5,856,169 long tons were from Michigan; 1,570,319 long tons from Alabama; 1,560,234 long tons from Pennsylvania. In the same year 853,573 long tons of iron ore were imported, and the total consumption was 15,733, 465 long tons. The total production of gold and silver (coining value) in the country was as follows in five years : The precious metals are raised mainly in California for gold, and Colorado, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and Montana for silver. The coining value of the gold produced from mines in the United States from 1792 to 1897 is estimated at 2,170,392,769 dollars, and of the silver at 1,507,494,630 dollars. IV. MANUFACTURES. The following table shows the condition of manufacturing industries in the United States in 1870, 1880, and 1890. The figures for 1890 include petroleumrefining and gas manufacture, with certain minor industries such as bottling, dressmaking, cotton cleaning and ginning, drug-grinding, &c., none of which are included in the figures for 1870 and 1880. The generation of electricity for lighting and power is only partially included in the numbers for 1890: 1,694,568,000 2,053,996 1,990,742,000 3,385,861,000 2,790,272,606 2,732,595 3,396,823,549 5,369,570,191 6,525,156,486 4,712,622 5,162,044,076 9,372,437,283 More than one-half of the establishments and of the capital in 1890 were in the States of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Massachusetts, and Illinois. The manufacture of cotton in the United States has been rapidly growing in recent years. In 1890 the number of establishments for the preparation and manufacture of cotton and cotton goods, reporting to the census authorities, was 2,641, and the capital employed was 365,957,804 dollars. For the manufacture of cotton goods alone (apart from mixed goods) there were 905 establishments with an aggregate capital of 354,020,843 dollars, employing, on an average, 221,585 persons. The annual cost of materials used was 154,912,979 dollars, and the value of the products 267,981,724 dollars. The following are some statistics of cotton : 3,592,416,851 55,350,520 1895 5,036,964,409 49,332,022 3,517,533,109 1,567,991,708 2,335,226,385 1,311,352, 630 3,103,754,949 1,344, 133, 158 1,879,172,543 The foreign cotton imported is nearly all retained for home consumption, the exports therefrom having been only 1,188,523 lbs. in 1897, and 499,684 lbs. in 1898. The values of cottons of domestic manufacture exported from the United States were 4,071,882 dollars in 1875, 11,836,591 dollars in 1885, 13,789,810 dollars in 1895, 16,837,396 dollars in 1896, 21,037,678 dollars in 1897, and 17,024,092 dollars in 1898. In 1890 there were 2,489 manufactories of woollen goods employing 219,132 hands, the value of goods manufactured being 337,768,524 dollars. The development of the iron and steel industries since 1875 is shown by the following figures, supplied by the American Iron and Steel Association : The total production of rolled iron and steel in the last 5 years is given (in gross tons) in the following table : The production of tin plates in 1896 was 307,228,621; in 1897, 446,982,063 lbs. The iron and steel industries flourish chiefly in the states of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Alabama, Illinois, and New York. V. FISHERIES. The following statistics regarding the fisheries of the United States have been supplied by the U.S. Fish Commission : |