writing, 2-his philosophic temperament, 3-4-extracts from his 'Method,' 5-6-his thirst for philosophic and scientific truth, 7-8- Descartes less a sceptic than a dogmatist, 9-10-his timidity and love of quiet, 11-his plagiarisms, 12-4-his admirably lucid style, 15-brief account of the chief principles of his philosophical sys- tem, 16-his 'Cogito, ergo sum,' 16-8-the proof of a God and external world, 19-20-his philosophy in collision with that of Bacon, 20-presumption of his first philosophical work, 21-2-his à priori system, 23-4-his physics, 25-M. Bouillier's Eloge of Descartes, 25-6-the Cartesian philosophy, - innate ideas, 26-ne- cessary and contingent truths, 27-Dr. Whewell and Mr. J. S. Mill, 28-30-Mr. Hallam's views as to the origination of mathematical definitions, 31-2, and note-Descartes' celebrated doctrine of Innate Ideas, 33-4-Sir W. Hamilton's views on the subject, 34-5-meta- physics compelled to make use of figurative language, 36-the Cartesian proof of the existence of a God, 37-40—the Infinite and the Indefinite, 41-2—the 'Methods' of Bacon and Descartes, 43-4 -Playfair's remark on the slight use which Descartes made of ex- periment, 44-5-induction and deduction, 45-6-conjunct employ- ment of hypothesis and experiment, 47-8-rules for the use of the human understanding, 49, and note-coincidences between Des- cartes's 'Régles pour la direction de l'esprit,' and Bacon's 'Novum Organum,' 50-Cartesian views of brutes, 51-6, and notes-im- materiality and immortality, 57-59.
Farini's Stato Romano, and other works in relation to Rome and Italy, review of, 357-the reforming period of Pius IX., 358-60-the Roman Catholic Powers, and their assumption of the sole right of interfering in the affairs of Rome, 360-1-the diplomatists at the Court of Rome in 1848, 361-2-ecclesiastical power incompatible with the free exercise of civil power, 362-3-the Pope at present no independent Power, 363-4-can the Papal Government accom- modate itself to Constitutional forms? 364-5-relation between the civil and spiritual power, 365-6-to constitutionalise the Roman State is an impossibility, 367-8-ecclesiastical interests and those civil and local must clash, 368-ecclesiastical caste and influence, 369-70-moderation of the Roman people prior to and during the late revolution of 1848, 371-2-the Note of May, 1831, from the five great Powers of Europe, 372-Roman rebellions and Roman debt, 373-4-early policy of Pius IX., 374, extract—his Allocution in April 29. 1848, 375-6-the Roman Constitution of March, 1848, 376-8-the responsibility of the Court of Gaeta, 379-80—the Popes of the Middle Ages, 381-proposed league among the Roman Catholic Powers for the purpose of coercing the Roman people, 382-Rome in 1809, compared with Rome in 1849, 383-5-Car- dinal Pacca on the temporal sovereignty of the Pope, 385-6-the question of Papal Independence considered, 386-7-the Papal tem- poral monarchy cannot stand, 387-8—the difficulty of replacing it, 388-90-not merely an Italian question, but one vitally affecting
Europe generally, 390-3 works by Farini, Torre, Ricciardi, 394-5.
International Copyright, a few words on, 145-reprints of English works in France, Belgium, and America, 145-6, and note-luke- warmness of authors on this subject, 147-treaty between France and England, 148-conditions in the case of translations, 149-50— articles of treaty between France and England, 150-1-the retro- active clause, 151-America and Belgium still literary pirates, 152.
Investments for the Working Classes, review of Parliamentary Re- ports, and other works relating to, 405-difficulties attending the endeavours of the philanthropist, 405-6-savings' banks, 406, note -amount deposited in savings' banks, friendly societies, &c., in 1830, 1849, and 1850, 407-importance of the poor becoming capitalists, 407-8-effects of loss on investments by the poor, 409- defalcations in savings' banks, 410-2-necessity of legislative in- terference, 412-friendly societies and their privileges, 413-4-life assurance policies, 415-6, and note-injurious effects of the late fiscal restraints, 417-8-deferred annuities, 418-9-Poulett Scrope on the subject, 419-21-benefit building societies, 421-2-Mr. Scratchley's views in favour of, 422-3—impediments to investments in land, 423-4—the true policy of landowners, 424-5—difficulties in acquisition of land, 425-6-cost of transfer of land, 427, and note- the Westmoreland and Cumberland 'statesmen,' 428-probable results of a cheap, easy, and safe system of sale of land, ib.-free- hold land societics, 428-9-Mr. Scratchley's views in favour of, 429, extract-objections to these associations, 430-1—Mr. Scratch- ley on the workings of, 431, extract-Mr. Feargus O'Connor's Land Company, 431-wildness of the calculations of the projector, 432- necessary failure of the scheme, 433-land assurance companies, 434-5-working men's associations, 436-41-impediments to their efficient working, arising from the existing Law of Partnership, 441-2-mode of removing these impediments, 443-5-partnership with limited liability, 445-8-objections against, 448-9-partner- ship en commandite, 449-52-expediency of legislative enactments to facilitate the working classes entering into the above arrange- ments, 452-3.
John Knox's Liturgy, review of Dr. Cumming's edition of, and other works, 453-4—diverse views on the expediency of a ritual form of worship, 455-6—extemporaneous prayer, 457-8-forms or no forms in the service of the sanctuary, 458-9-Pliny's testimony to the existence of a form of worship among the Christians immediately subsequent to the Apostolic age, 460-non-existence at any period of the Christian Church of a Catholic' Apostolic Liturgy, 461- the Liturgy of the Apostolical Constitutions, 462-reasons to con- clude that the service of the early Christians was celebrated memo-
riter by the priests, 462-3-according to Mr. Palmer, the liturgies of the Primitive Churches may be reduced to four, 463-a certain identity to be traced in all the earlier liturgies, 464—the formal prayers in use up to the Reformation, adopted by the Reformed Churches, 465-the Presbyterian Church of Scotland the only National Church in Christendom in which formal prayers do not prevail, ib.-Luther's Order of the Service in the Congregation,' ib.-his directions for the services of the week-days and Sabbath, 466-his views on the subject of Formal Prayer, 467-8-the Re- formed Churches of Northern Europe drew up liturgies for themselves, 468-Calvin's views of Formal Prayer, 468-9-the Communion Service, 469—Knox averse to kneeling at, 470, note -the forms of Baptism and Marriage, 470-1-the Genevan Liturgy, 471-Knox never approved of the English Liturgy, 473-different views taken by the churches at Frankfort and Zurich, ib.-the 'Order of Geneva,' or 'Knox's Liturgy,' 475-6, and note-Dr. Cumming's protest against extemporaneous prayer, 476—the Duke of Argyll on the growth of Episcopacy in Scotland, 476-7-the expediency of adopting a liturgy in the Church of Scotland, 478-9 -a combination of formal and extemporaneous prayer probably acceptable to the great bulk of the Scotch clergy, 480-1.
Legislation, recent Progress of, review of Statutes and Parliamentary Debates in connexion with, 94-historical popularity of Parliaments, 95-6-Parliamentary Reform, 97-8-Municipal Reform, 99-100— civil and religious liberty, 101-4-legislation for the Church, 104-7-national education in Great Britain, 107-8-national edu- cation in Ireland, 109-10-social evils corrected, 110-3-the Poor Laws, 111-2-sanitary measures, 113-commercial legislation, 113-6-law reforms: County Courts, 116-7-reform in Court of Chancery, 118-consolidation, structure, and language of statutes, 119-20-recognition of sound principles, 121-2.
Mallet du Pan, review of Memoirs and Correspondence of, 481-part played by Geneva in the affairs of Europe between 1760 and 1782, 481-2-Mallet du Pan a journalist both by necessity and choice, 482-his side of politics the unpopular one, ib.—his views emi- nently Conservative, 483-importance of his views to France at the present day, 484-his early career, ib.-his connexion with Linguet, 484-5-his steady and unbending temperament, 485— occupation of Geneva by the Sardinian troops, 486-Mallet du Pan leaves Geneva, and conducts the Mercure de France' for Panck- oucke, the Paris bookseller, ib.-his determination not to be dic- tated to, 487, extract-offers the pages of his journal to the friends of Warren Hastings, ib.―becomes identified with the Constitu- tionalists' or 'Monarchiens,' 488-their political views, ib.-Mallet du Pan always in favour of mixed government,' 489-perils in- curred by him in his editorship of the Mercure,' 489-90, and ex-
tract-Chateaubriand on situations of prolonged political danger, 491-extract from the 'Mercure,' on Mallet du Pan's taking leave of his literary labours and connexions, 492-3-his connexion with the Court party, 493-4 his 'Mémoire' presented to the sovereigns, 494-5-extract from the 'Manifesto,' 495—another from the Mémoire,' ib.-he continues to write against the Revolution at Geneva, Berne, Freiburg, and London, 496-his disinterestedness, ib.-extract from an address to Lord Elgin and M. de Mercy, 497 -his hopes for a re-establishment of Royalty frustrated by the success of Buonaparte, 498—remarks on the elevation of Napoleon to the Consulate, extract, 498-9—his preference of the Consular Government over the anarchy which immediately preceded it, 499 -finds a last refuge in England, ib.—carries on there with success his 'Mercure Britannique,' ib.—dies at Richmond, 500—his funeral eulogy by Lally Tolendal, ib.-remarks on the little political or social improvement that has resulted to France from the influence of the press or literature, 500-7-influence of the drama on the public mind, 507-Buonapartism, 507-10-Guizot on Napoleon's Repression of Democracy, 511-the Party of Order, 511-4- character and prospects of the present Government of France, 515-7.
National Education, review of works in favour of, 321-the contro- versy between the Lancaster National School and the promoters of the Salford and Manchester Scheme, 321-2-difference of systems for England and Ireland, 323-4-Mr. A. Baring and the Rev. G. R. Gleig, 324-Royal Military Asylum at Chelsea, 324-6-condi tion in which Messrs. Baring and Gleig found the pupils, 326-7— remodelling of the Asylum, 327-good effects of educating the army, 328-extract giving Mr. Fox Maule's evidence before the late Committee on Military Expenditure, 328-9-evidence of the Secretary of War on the subject, 329-30-nature of the military schools, 331-2-school-books and attendance, 333-Gleig's series of school-books, ib.—why not adopt a system which works well in the army, to meet the wants of the nation? 334-what is culti- vating the religious principle? 335-union of the State with reli- gion, and not with the Church, 336-8-arguments of Mr. Denison and others of his school, 338-9-popular education neglected in England at the Reformation, 339-40-Joseph Lancaster, Dr. Bell, and the National Society, 341-Mr. Dawe's school at King's Som- borne, Hampshire, 342-3-a national school at Great Braxted, in Essex, 343-4-education on the voluntary principle at its last gasp, 345-the Training Institutions of the Church approaching a state of collapse, ib.-Battersea, St. Mark's, and Westminster, ib.-in- sufficiency of voluntary support, 346-7-plans of National Associa tion; Manchester and Salford, 348-52, extract-school at Ash, in Kent, 353-details of proposed plan, 353-7.
Nicaragua: its People, Scenery, Monuments, and the proposed Inter-oceanic Canal. By E. G. Squier, review of, 553-British and
Spanish colonisation in America, 553-4-Nicaragua and Costa Rica, 555-6-Mr. Squier's Anglo-American views, 556-7-is Central America destined to be annexed to the United States? 558-60-Mr. Squier's residence at San Juan de Nicaragua, 560-1— the 'Paseo,' 561, extract-the book wants concentration, 562—the lakes of Managua and Masaya, 563-the volcanoes of Central America, 563-7, and extracts—the Inter-oceanic Canal, 567-8. Note to Art. IX. of No. CXCIV., 586-7.
Nouvelles Causes Célèbres. See Tronson du Coudray.
Ordnance Survey of Scotland, review of works relating to, 179- existing maps of Scotland very defective, 179-80-Roy's Survey of Scotland, 181-Arrowsmith's Map of the Highlands, 182-state of Scotland at the time of Roy's survey and now, 182-3-errors and omissions in existing maps, 183-5-progress of the survey, 185-6-indignation at its suspension, 187-sums voted and ex- pended on the survey of Scotland since 1819, 188-history of English survey, 189-history of Irish survey, 190-appointment of Select Committee, 191-exertions of the British Association and of the Royal Society, 191-2-six-inch scale, why adopted, 193-4— uses of six-inch and one-inch maps, 195-6-nature of six-inch maps, 197-8-size and price of the one-inch scale and the six-inch scale maps, 199-200-general, superiority of one-inch maps, 201- this confirmed by Lord Monteagle's evidence, ib.-maps with con- tour lines, 202-history of contour lines, 203-4-value of contour lines, 204-5-Sir R. Murchison and Mr. Keith Johnston in favour of maps on the six-inch scale in some instances, ib.—recommenda- tion that the survey be proceeded with regularly from north to south, 207-other recommendations by the Committee, 207-8— map must be speedily completed, 209-confirmed by Lord Mont- eagle and the officers of survey, 209-10-good maps possessed by France, Bavaria, and Saxony, 210-map illustration of history, 211-2-determination and right of Scotland to have the map, 213.
Palgrave's History of Normandy and England, review of, 153—the history of the Normans an essential part of the knowledge of English history, ib.-the Carlovingians and Merovingians, 154- the Teutons and the Franks, 155-the Mayors of the Palace, ib.- Charlemagne, the man of his time, 156-the Missi and Missi Dominici, 156-7-Mademoiselle Lezardière's View of the Frankish Court, 157-failure of the Carlovingian Empire, 158-the Norman tribunal, 159-Roman and Teutonic practices and principles, 160-1-Roman influence on the Gallo-Francs, 161, and note- comprehensive nature of the work, 162-Sir F. Palgrave's mode of treating his subject, 162-3-the medieval chroniclers, 163-5, ex- tracts-peculiarity in the mode adopted by the author, 165-his reasons for dictating his work in preference to writing it, ib., extract-influence of Roman literature, habits, and laws, 165-6-
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