CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

THE MISSION OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

The Eighteenth Century as a Period of Individualism.

The Development of Socialization. The Two Epochs

in the Eighteenth Century.

The Training and Times of Rousseau. Rousseau's

Earlier Works. Purpose of the Emile. The Five Books

of the Emile. Merits and Defects of the Emile. The

Break with Social Traditions. The Social Movements

in Modern Education. The Scientific Movement in

Modern Education. The Psychological Movements in

Modern Education. The Spread of Rousseau's Doc-

trines. Development of Basedow's Educational Re-

forms. Course and Methods of the Philanthropinum.

Influence of the Philanthropinum.

CHAPTER III

PHILANTHROPY IN EDUCATION

English Social and Educational Conditions in the

Eighteenth Century. The Foundation of 'Charity

Schools.' The Schools of the Society for the Promotion

of Christian Knowledge. Other British Charity Schools.

The Schools of the Society for the Propagation of the

Gospel. Charity Schools among the Pennsylvania

Germans. The 'Sunday School' Movement in Great

Britain and the United States. The 'Monitorial' Sys-

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tem in England and America.

'Infant Schools' in

France, Great Britain, and the United States. 'Primary

Schools' in Boston. 'Infant Schools' in New York and

Other Cities. The Importance of Philanthropic Educa-

tion.

CHAPTER IV

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RISE OF THE COMMON SCHOOL IN AMERICA

Gradual Development of Public Education in the

United States. Conditions in Europe from which Amer-

ican Education Developed. Early Education in the

South. Virginia as the Type of Aristocratic Education.

Peculiarities in the Other Southern Commonwealths.

The Parochial Schools and Further Development in the

Colony and State of New York. New York City. De-

velopment in Pennsylvania. Early Education in New

Jersey and Delaware. Decline of Education in Massa-

chusetts. Similar History of Other New England

States. Early Organization of Education in Rhode

Island. Extension of Educational Organization to the

Northwest. Common Schools Prior to the Awakening.

CHAPTER V

OBSERVATION AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN EDUCATION

Pestalozzi as the Successor of Rousseau. Pestalozzi's

Industrial School at Neuhof. Leonard and Gertrude.

His School at Stanz and the Observational Methods.

The 'Institute' at Burgdorf. How Gertrude Teaches

Her Children. The 'Institute' at Yverdon. Pesta-

lozzi's Educational Aim. His General Method. The

Permanent Influence of Pestalozzi. The Spread of Pes-

talozzianism through Europe. Pestalozzianism in the

United States. Pestalozzi's Industrial Training Con-

tinued by Fellenberg. The Institutions at Hofwyl.

Fellenberg's Educational Aim and Course. Industrial

Training in the Schools of Europe. Industrial Institu-

tions in the United States.

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Location, Time, and Scope of the Revival. Early

Leaders in the Awakening. Work of James G. Carter.

Horace Mann as Secretary of the Massachusetts Board.

Aids and Obstacles to Mann's Reforms. The Educa-

tional Suggestions and Achievements of Mann. Henry

Barnard's Part in the Educational Awakening. Barnard

as Secretary of the Connecticut Board. Commissioner

in Rhode Island. State Superintendent in Connecticut.

Barnard's American Journal of Education. First United

States Commissioner of Education. Value of Barnard's

Educational Collections.

CHAPTER VII

DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE

Froebel and Herbart as Disciples of Pestalozzi. The

Early Career and Writings of Herbart. Moral Revela-

tion of the World and Science of Education. Seminary

and Practice School at Königsberg. Outlines of Educa-

tional Doctrine. Herbart's Psychology. Moral and

Religious Aim of Education. 'Many-sided Interest'

and 'Historical' and 'Scientific' Studies. 'Correla-

tion,' 'Concentration,' 'Culture Epochs.' The 'Formal

Steps of Instruction.' The Value and Influence of

Herbart's Principles. Extension of His Doctrines in

Germany and the United States. Froebel's Early

Life. His Adoption of Teaching. The School at

Keilhau and the Education of Man. Development of

the Kindergarten and Froebel's Later Works. Froebel's

Principle of 'Unity.' 'Self-activity' and 'Creative-

ness.' The Social Aspect of Education. The Kinder-

garten, Mother-Play, Gifts, and Occupations. The

Value of Froebel's Principles. Spread of Froebelianism

through Europe and the United States. The Influence

of Herbart and Froebel.

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Common Schools in New England since the Revival.

Influence of the Awakening upon the Middle States.

Public Education in the West. Organization of State

Systems in the South.

CHAPTER IX

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN SCHOOL SYSTEMS

National Systems in Europe and Canada. Early His-

tory of German Educational Institutions. The Be-

ginning of Central Control in Prussia. Reforms of

Frederick William I and Frederick the Great. Further

Development of a National System. External Organiza-

tion of the Prussian System. Volksschulen and Mittel-

schulen. Gymnasien and Other Secondary Schools.

Universities. Educational Institutions in France before

the Revolution. Educational Development since the

Revolution. The Primary System. Lycées and Com-

munal Colleges. Universities and Other Higher Insti-

tutions. Administration of the French System. Eng-

lish Education before the Nineteenth Century. Move-

ments Leading to the Act of 1870. Development of

Board Schools. Education Act of 1902. Types of Edu-

cation in Canada. The System of Ontario. Systems in

Other Provinces. Comparison of Modern School Sys-

tems.

CHAPTER X

THE MODERN SCIENTIFIC MOVEMENT

The Development of the Natural Sciences in Modern

Times. Growth of Inventions in the Nineteenth Cen-

tury. Herbert Spencer and What Knowledge Is of Most

Worth. Huxley's Advocacy of the Sciences. Combe,

Youmans, and Eliot. The Disciplinary Argument for

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the Sciences. Introduction of the Sciences into the Edu-

cational Institutions of Germany, France, England, and

the United States. Interrelation of the Scientific with

the Psychological and Sociological Movements.

CHAPTER XI

PRESENT DAY TENDENCIES IN EDUCATION

Recent Attempts at a Reconstruction of Educational

Practice. The Growth of Industrial Training. Indus-

trial Education in Germany, France, England, and the

United States. Commercial Education in Germany,

England, France, and the United States. Recent Em-

phasis upon Agricultural Education. Moral Training in

Europe and the United States. Education for Defec-

tives. Recent Development of Educational Method.

The Experimental School of Dewey. The Method

of Montessori. The Statistical Method and Mental

Measurements in Education. Education and the

Theory of Evolution.

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CHAPTER XII

THE EDUCATIONAL OUTLOOK

Progress since the Eighteenth Century. The Eight-

eenth Century as the Beginning of Modern Times. The

Harmonization of the Individual and Society.

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