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CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
THE MISSION OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
The Eighteenth Century as a Period of Individualism.
The Development of Socialization. The Two Epochs
in the Eighteenth Century.
The Training and Times of Rousseau. Rousseau's
Earlier Works. Purpose of the Emile. The Five Books
of the Emile. Merits and Defects of the Emile. The
Break with Social Traditions. The Social Movements
in Modern Education. The Scientific Movement in
Modern Education. The Psychological Movements in
Modern Education. The Spread of Rousseau's Doc-
trines. Development of Basedow's Educational Re-
forms. Course and Methods of the Philanthropinum.
Influence of the Philanthropinum.
CHAPTER III
PHILANTHROPY IN EDUCATION
English Social and Educational Conditions in the
Eighteenth Century. The Foundation of 'Charity
Schools.' The Schools of the Society for the Promotion
of Christian Knowledge. Other British Charity Schools.
The Schools of the Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel. Charity Schools among the Pennsylvania
Germans. The 'Sunday School' Movement in Great
Britain and the United States. The 'Monitorial' Sys-
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tem in England and America.
'Infant Schools' in
France, Great Britain, and the United States. 'Primary
Schools' in Boston. 'Infant Schools' in New York and
Other Cities. The Importance of Philanthropic Educa-
tion.
CHAPTER IV
RISE OF THE COMMON SCHOOL IN AMERICA
Gradual Development of Public Education in the
United States. Conditions in Europe from which Amer-
ican Education Developed. Early Education in the
South. Virginia as the Type of Aristocratic Education.
Peculiarities in the Other Southern Commonwealths.
The Parochial Schools and Further Development in the
Colony and State of New York. New York City. De-
velopment in Pennsylvania. Early Education in New
Jersey and Delaware. Decline of Education in Massa-
chusetts. Similar History of Other New England
States. Early Organization of Education in Rhode
Island. Extension of Educational Organization to the
Northwest. Common Schools Prior to the Awakening.
CHAPTER V
OBSERVATION AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN EDUCATION
Pestalozzi as the Successor of Rousseau. Pestalozzi's
Industrial School at Neuhof. Leonard and Gertrude.
His School at Stanz and the Observational Methods.
The 'Institute' at Burgdorf. How Gertrude Teaches
Her Children. The 'Institute' at Yverdon. Pesta-
lozzi's Educational Aim. His General Method. The
Permanent Influence of Pestalozzi. The Spread of Pes-
talozzianism through Europe. Pestalozzianism in the
United States. Pestalozzi's Industrial Training Con-
tinued by Fellenberg. The Institutions at Hofwyl.
Fellenberg's Educational Aim and Course. Industrial
Training in the Schools of Europe. Industrial Institu-
tions in the United States.
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120
Location, Time, and Scope of the Revival. Early
Leaders in the Awakening. Work of James G. Carter.
Horace Mann as Secretary of the Massachusetts Board.
Aids and Obstacles to Mann's Reforms. The Educa-
tional Suggestions and Achievements of Mann. Henry
Barnard's Part in the Educational Awakening. Barnard
as Secretary of the Connecticut Board. Commissioner
in Rhode Island. State Superintendent in Connecticut.
Barnard's American Journal of Education. First United
States Commissioner of Education. Value of Barnard's
Educational Collections.
CHAPTER VII
DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE
Froebel and Herbart as Disciples of Pestalozzi. The
Early Career and Writings of Herbart. Moral Revela-
tion of the World and Science of Education. Seminary
and Practice School at Königsberg. Outlines of Educa-
tional Doctrine. Herbart's Psychology. Moral and
Religious Aim of Education. 'Many-sided Interest'
and 'Historical' and 'Scientific' Studies. 'Correla-
tion,' 'Concentration,' 'Culture Epochs.' The 'Formal
Steps of Instruction.' The Value and Influence of
Herbart's Principles. Extension of His Doctrines in
Germany and the United States. Froebel's Early
Life. His Adoption of Teaching. The School at
Keilhau and the Education of Man. Development of
the Kindergarten and Froebel's Later Works. Froebel's
Principle of 'Unity.' 'Self-activity' and 'Creative-
ness.' The Social Aspect of Education. The Kinder-
garten, Mother-Play, Gifts, and Occupations. The
Value of Froebel's Principles. Spread of Froebelianism
through Europe and the United States. The Influence
of Herbart and Froebel.
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191
Common Schools in New England since the Revival.
Influence of the Awakening upon the Middle States.
Public Education in the West. Organization of State
Systems in the South.
CHAPTER IX
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN SCHOOL SYSTEMS
National Systems in Europe and Canada. Early His-
tory of German Educational Institutions. The Be-
ginning of Central Control in Prussia. Reforms of
Frederick William I and Frederick the Great. Further
Development of a National System. External Organiza-
tion of the Prussian System. Volksschulen and Mittel-
schulen. Gymnasien and Other Secondary Schools.
Universities. Educational Institutions in France before
the Revolution. Educational Development since the
Revolution. The Primary System. Lycées and Com-
munal Colleges. Universities and Other Higher Insti-
tutions. Administration of the French System. Eng-
lish Education before the Nineteenth Century. Move-
ments Leading to the Act of 1870. Development of
Board Schools. Education Act of 1902. Types of Edu-
cation in Canada. The System of Ontario. Systems in
Other Provinces. Comparison of Modern School Sys-
tems.
CHAPTER X
THE MODERN SCIENTIFIC MOVEMENT
The Development of the Natural Sciences in Modern
Times. Growth of Inventions in the Nineteenth Cen-
tury. Herbert Spencer and What Knowledge Is of Most
Worth. Huxley's Advocacy of the Sciences. Combe,
Youmans, and Eliot. The Disciplinary Argument for
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275
320
the Sciences. Introduction of the Sciences into the Edu-
cational Institutions of Germany, France, England, and
the United States. Interrelation of the Scientific with
the Psychological and Sociological Movements.
CHAPTER XI
PRESENT DAY TENDENCIES IN EDUCATION
Recent Attempts at a Reconstruction of Educational
Practice. The Growth of Industrial Training. Indus-
trial Education in Germany, France, England, and the
United States. Commercial Education in Germany,
England, France, and the United States. Recent Em-
phasis upon Agricultural Education. Moral Training in
Europe and the United States. Education for Defec-
tives. Recent Development of Educational Method.
The Experimental School of Dewey. The Method
of Montessori. The Statistical Method and Mental
Measurements in Education. Education and the
Theory of Evolution.
356
CHAPTER XII
THE EDUCATIONAL OUTLOOK
Progress since the Eighteenth Century. The Eight-
eenth Century as the Beginning of Modern Times. The
Harmonization of the Individual and Society.
397